Omiste Romero, Juan JoséGonzález Férez, RosarioOrtega Ríos, Rafael2025-11-042025-11-042022-03-22J. J. Omiste, R. González-Férez and R. Ortega, An introduction to classical monodromy: Applications to molecules in external fields, J. Math. Phys. 63, 032702 (2022)10.1063/5.0079354https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/125665An integrable Hamiltonian system presents monodromy if the action-angle variables cannot be defined globally. As a prototype of classical monodromy with azimuthal symmetry, we consider a linear molecule interacting with external fields and explore the topology structure of its phase space. Based on the behavior of closed orbits around singular points or regions of the energy–momentum plane, a semi-theoretical method is derived to detect classical monodromy. The validity of the monodromy test is numerically illustrated for several systems with azimuthal symmetry.engjournal articlehttps://doi.org/10.1063/5.0079354embargoed access515354MonodromyQuantum mechanicsHamiltonian mechanicsQuímica física (Física)Análisis matemático2205.01 Mecánica Analítica2210.23 Teoría Cuántica