López Cuenca, InésGarcía Martín, Elena SalobrarSánchez Puebla, LídiaEspejel Checa, EvaGarcía del Arco, LucíaRojas Lozano, PilarElvira Hurtado, LorenaFernández Albarral, José AntonioRamírez Toraño, FedericoBarabash, AnaSalazar Corral, Juan JoséRamirez Sebastian, Jose ManuelHoz Montañana, María Rosa deRamírez Sebastián, Ana Isabel2023-06-222023-06-222022-06-062077-038310.3390/jcm11113248https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/71692This article belongs to the Special Issue Predicting the Evolution of Neurological Diseases: The Role of Biomarkers in 2022 and BeyondIn 103 subjects with a high genetic risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), family history (FH) of AD and ApoE ɛ4 characterization (ApoE ɛ4) were analyzed for changes in the retinal vascular network by OCTA (optical coherence tomography angiography), and AngioTool and Erlangen-Angio-Tool (EA-Tool) as imaging analysis software. Retinal vascularization was analyzed by measuring hypercholesterolemia (HCL) and high blood pressure (HBP). Angio-Tool showed a statistically significant higher percentage of area occupied by vessels in the FH+ ApoE ɛ4- group vs. in the FH+ ApoE ɛ4+ group, and EA-Tool showed statistically significant higher vascular densities in the C3 ring in the FH+ ApoE ɛ4+ group when compared with: i)FH- ApoE ɛ4- in sectors H3, H4, H10 and H11; and ii) FH+ ApoE ɛ4- in sectors H4 and H12. In participants with HCL and HBP, statistically significant changes were found, in particular using EA-Tool, both in the macular area, mainly in the deep plexus, and in the peripapillary area. In conclusion, OCTA in subjects with genetic risk factors for the development of AD showed an apparent increase in vascular density in some sectors of the retina, which was one of the first vascular changes detectable. These changes constitute a promising biomarker for monitoring the progression of pathological neuronal degeneration.engAtribución 3.0 EspañaRetinal Vascular Study Using OCTA in Subjects at High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factorsjournal articlehttps://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113248https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/11/3248open access616.894-053.9-075616.8994-053.9:617.7616.153.922:616.9617.7-073.75Alzheimer’s diseasegenetic riskApoE ɛ4familiar historyOCTAAngioToolEA-Toolretinavascular densitycardiovascular risk factorshypercholesterolemiahigh blood pressureGenética médicaOftalmologíaAnatomía ocularTécnicas de la imagen2410.07 Genética Humana3201.09 Oftalmología