Balea Martín, AnaMonte Lara, María ConcepciónFuente González, Elena De LaSánchez Salvador, José LuisTarrés, QuimMutjé, PereDelgado-Aguilar, MarcNegro Álvarez, Carlos Manuel2023-12-112023-12-112023Balea, A., Monte, M. C., Fuente, E., Sanchez-Salvador, J. L., Tarrés, Q., Mutjé, P., Delgado-Aguilar, M. & Negro, C. (2023). Fit-for-Use Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Recovered Paper. Nanomaterials, 13(18), 2536.2079-499110.3390/nano13182536https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/91110The cost-effective implementation of nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) at industrial scale requires optimizing the quality of the nanofibers according to their final application. Therefore, a portfolio of CNFs with different qualities is necessary, as well as further knowledge about how to obtain each of the main qualities. This paper presents the influence of various production techniques on the morphological characteristics and properties of CNFs produced from a mixture of recycled fibers. Five different pretreatments have been investigated: a mechanical pretreatment (PFI refining), two enzymatic hydrolysis strategies, and TEMPO-mediated oxidation under two different NaClO concentrations. For each pretreatment, five high-pressure homogenization (HPH) conditions have been considered. Our results show that the pretreatment determines the yield and the potential of HPH to enhance fibrillation and, therefore, the final CNF properties. These results enable one to select the most effective production method with the highest yield of produced CNFs from recovered paper for the desired CNF quality in diverse applications.engjournal articlehttps://doi.org/10.3390/nano13182536open access66Recycled fibersNanocelluloseEnzymatic pretreatmentsTEMPO-mediated oxidationRefiningHigh-pressure homogenizationIngeniería químicaIndustria del papel3303 Ingeniería y Tecnología Químicas