Castejón, DavidSegura Plaza, José FranciscoCruz Díaz, Karen P.Romero De Ávila Hidalgo, María DoloresFernández Valle, María EncarnaciónRemiro, VíctorVilla Valverde, PalmiraCambero Rodríguez, María Isabel2025-08-042025-08-042025Castejón, D., Segura, J., Cruz-Díaz, K. P., Romero-de-Ávila, M. D., Fernández-Valle, M. E., Remiro, V., Villa-Valverde, P., & Cambero, M. I. (2025). 1H HRMAS NMR Metabolomics for the Characterization and Monitoring of Ripening in Pressed-Curd Ewe's Milk Cheeses Produced Through Enzymatic Coagulation. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 14(13), 2355. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods1413235510.3390/foods14132355https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/123005Contribución de autores: Conceptualization, M.I.C.; methodology, M.I.C. and D.C.; software, D.C., M.E.F.-V. and P.V.-V.; validation, V.R. and K.P.C.-D.; formal analysis, D.C., M.I.C. and J.S.; investigation, K.P.C.-D., V.R., D.C., P.V.-V., M.I.C. and M.E.F.-V.; data curation, D.C., M.E.F.-V., P.V.-V. and K.P.C.-D.; writing—original draft preparation, J.S. and M.I.C.; writing—review and editing, J.S., V.R., M.I.C., M.D.R.-d.-Á. and D.C.; visualization, M.I.C., J.S. and M.D.R.-d.-Á.; supervision, M.I.C. and M.D.R.-d.-Á.; project administration, M.I.C. and M.D.R.-d.-Á.; funding acquisition, M.I.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.A comprehensive characterization of two pressed-curd cheeses produced from ewe’s milk using enzymatic coagulation—Manchego cheese (with Protected Designation of Origin, PDO) and Castellano cheese (with Protected Geographical Indication, PGI)—was performed throughout the manufacturing process (industrial or traditional) and ripening stages (2, 9, 30, 90, and 180 days). Proton high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (1H HRMAS NMR) spectroscopy, combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, was applied to intact cheese samples. The combination of this spectroscopic technique with chemometric methods allows for the characterization of each type of sheep milk cheese according to its geographical origin and production method (artisanal or industrial), as well as the estimation of ripening time. The results demonstrate that HRMAS NMR spectroscopy enables the rapid and direct analysis of cheese samples, providing a comprehensive profile of their metabolites—a metabolic ‘fingerprint’.engAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/journal article2304-8158https://doi.org/10.3390/foods1413235540647107open access663/6651H HRMAS NMRManchego cheeseCastellano cheeseArtisanalIndustrialChemometricsRipeningMetabolic profileTecnología de los alimentos3309 Tecnología de Los Alimentos