Manzano, MónicaTalavera Rodríguez, AlbaMoreno, ElenaMadrid, NadiaGosalbes, María JoséRon, RaquelDronda, FernandoPérez Molina, José A.Lanza, Val F.Díaz, JorgeMoreno, SantiagoNavia, BeatrizSerrano Villar, Sergio2023-06-222023-06-222022-03-142072-664310.3390/nu14061221https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/72524While changes in microbiome composition have been associated with HIV, the effect of diet and its potential impact on inflammation remains unclear. Methods: Twenty-seven people living with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were studied. A comprehensive dietary analysis was performed and two types of dietary patterns were determined. We explored the associations of each dietary pattern with gut microbiota and plasma inflammatory biomarkers. Results: We appreciated two dietary patterns, Mediterranean-like (MEL) and one Western-like (WEL). Compared to participants with the WEL pattern, participants with MEL pattern showed higher abundance of Lachnospira (p-value = 0.02) and lower levels of the inflammatory biomarkers D-dimer (p-value = 0.050) and soluble TNF-alpha receptor 2 (sTNFR2) (p-value = 0.049). Men who have sex with men (MSM) with MEL pattern had lower abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae (p-value < 0.001) and lower levels of D-dimer (p-value = 0.026) than MSM with WEL pattern. Conclusion: MEL pattern favours Lachnospira abundance, and protects against Erysipelotrichaceae abundance and higher levels of the inflammatory biomarkers D-dimer and sTNFR2, precursors of inflammatory processes in HIV-infected patients. Our study contributes to understanding the determinants of a healthier diet and its connections with gut microbiota and inflammation.engAtribución 3.0 Españahttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/journal articlehttps://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061221https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/6/1221/htmopen accessHIVdietmicrobiotaLachnospiraErysipelotrichaceaeinflammatory biomarkersD-dimerTNFEndocrinologíaNutrición3205.02 Endocrinología3206 Ciencias de la Nutrición