Roy, ÁlvaroGómez-Barroso, DianaCruz-Ferro, ElenaFernández, AnaMartínez-Pino, Isabeldel Henar Marcos, MaríaUrsúa-Díaz, IsabelMiras, SusanaEchave, NuriaOunarou, EviRomero Martínez, BeatrizHerrera-León, LauraHerrador, Zaida2025-07-282025-07-282025Roy, Á., Gómez-Barroso, D., Cruz-Ferro, E., Fernández, A., Martínez-Pino, I., del Henar Marcos, M....Herrador, Z. (2025). Spatiotemporal Distribution and Clinical Characteristics of Zoonotic Tuberculosis, Spain, 2018–2022. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 31(7), 1344-1352. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3107.250031.1080-604010.3201/eid3107.250031https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/122769Justificación de autores: Z.H., L.H., and B.R. designed the study and prepared the SOPs. A.R., E.O., N.E., and Z.H. performed the statistical analysis. A.R., N.E., and Z.H. wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All the study group contributed to data interpretation, reviewed the manuscript, and approved the final version to be published. L.H. and Z.H. were involved in funding acquisition. L.H. and Z.H. directly accessed and verified the underlying data reported in the manuscript. Contrato postdoctoral Álvaro Roy: CD23CIII/00008Zoonotic tuberculosis (zTB) is a communicable disease that has major effects on both human and animal health. Spain reports the highest number of zTB cases in humans annually in the European Union. We describe the epidemiology of human cases of zTB caused by Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae in Spain during 2018–2022. The incidence of M. bovis infection compared with M. tuberculosis infection was higher in patients who were native-born (adjusted odds ratio [aOR) 2.32, 95% CI 1.44–3.82), HIV-negative (aOR 3.39, 95% CI 1.24–14.0), or had extrapulmonary forms of TB (aOR 2.20, 95% CI 1.46–3.28). The spatial pattern differed by M. tuberculosis complex species; we identified 3 significant clusters of M. bovis and 1 of M. caprae in bovine TB–free regions. Our results show the importance of including animal and human data on circulating zoonotic pathogens under the One Health umbrella.engjournal article1080-6059https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3107.25003140562720open access636.39.09:616.24-002.5616.24-002.5Enfermedades infecciosasVeterinaria3205.08 Enfermedades Pulmonares