Person: Antón Toro, Luis Fernando
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First Name
Luis Fernando
Last Name
Antón Toro
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Psicología
Department
Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia
Area
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Item Marcadores neurofisiológicos y conductuales tempranos de vulnerabilidad al inicio en el consumo de alcohol en adolescentes(2021) Antón Toro, Luis Fernando; Maestú Unturbe, Fernando; Correas Marín, María de los Ángeles; Bruña Fernández, RicardoEl consumo intensivo de alcohol, o Binge Drinking (BD), es un patrón de consumo cada vez más extendido entre la población adolescente. Este tipo de consumo está caracterizado por la ingesta de grandes cantidades de alcohol en cortos periodos de tiempo, conduciendo al sistema a estados de intoxicación etílica. Este patrón de consumo es particularmente nocivo para el cerebro adolescente, al darse en un periodo de intensos cambios neuromadurativos. Esta serie de cambios traen consigo el desarrollo de las capacidades autorregulación (AR) cognitiva, emocional y conductual necesarias para la adaptación al nuevo rol y entorno social. En este contexto, se ha demostrado que el consumo de alcohol BD ocasiona diversas alteraciones cerebrales con consecuencias neuropsicológicas, anatómicas y funcionales..Item Electrophysiological connectivity of logical deduction: Early cortical MEG study(Cortex, 2023) Antón Toro, Luis Fernando; Salto, Francisco; Requena, Carmen; Maestu Unturbe, FernandoComplex human reasoning involves minimal abilities to extract conclusions implied in the available information. These abilities are considered “deductive” because they exemplify certain abstract relations among propositions or probabilities called deductive arguments. However, the electrophysiological dynamics which supports such complex cognitive processes has not been addressed yet. In this work we consider typically deductive logico-probabilistically valid inferences and aim to verify or refute their electrophysiological functional connectivity differences from invalid inferences with the same content (same relational variables, same stimuli, same relevant and salient features). We recorded the brain electrophysiological activity of 20 participants (age = 20.35 ± 3.23) by means of an MEG system during two consecutive reasoning tasks: a search task (invalid condition) without any specific deductive rules to follow, and a logically valid deductive task (valid condition) with explicit deductive rules as instructions. We calculated the functional connectivity (FC) for each condition and conducted a seed-based analysis in a set of cortical regions of interest. Finally, we used a cluster-based permutation test to compare the differences between logically valid and invalid conditions in terms of FC. As a first novel result we found higher FC for valid condition in beta band between regions of interest and left prefrontal, temporal, parietal, and cingulate structures. FC analysis allows a second novel result which is the definition of a propositional network with operculo-cingular, parietal and medial nodes, specifically including disputed medial deductive “core” areas. The experiment discloses measurable cortical processes which do not depend on content but on truth-functional propositional operators. These experimental novelties may contribute to understand the cortical bases of deductive processes.Item Abnormal organization of inhibitory control functional networks in future binge drinkers(Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2021) Antón Toro, Luis Fernando; Bruña Fernández, Ricardo; Suárez Méndez, Isabel; Correas Marín, María De Los Ángeles; García Moreno, Luis Miguel; Maestu Unturbe, FernandoBackground and aims Adolescent Binge drinking has become an increasing health and social concern, which cause several detrimental consequences for brain integrity. However, research on neurophysiological traits of vulnerability for binge drinking predisposition is limited at this time. In this work, we conducted a two-year longitudinal study with magnetoencephalography (MEG) over a cohort of initially alcohol-naive adolescents with the purpose of characterize inhibitory cortical networks’ anomalies prior to alcohol consumption onset in those youths who will transit into binge drinkers years later. Methods Sixty-seven participant’s inhibitory functional networks, and dysexecutive/impulsivity traits were measured by means of inhibitory task (go/no-go) and questionnaires battery. After a follow-up period of two years, we evaluated their alcohol consumption habits, sub-dividing them in two groups according to their alcohol intake patterns: future binge drinkers (fBD): n = 22; future Light/non-drinkers (fLD): n = 17. We evaluated whole-brain and seed-based functional connectivity profiles, as well as its correlation with impulsive and dysexecutive behaviours, searching for early abnormalities before consumption onset. Results For the first time, abnormalities in MEG functional networks and higher dysexecutive and impulsivity profiles were detected in alcohol-naïve adolescents who two years later became binge drinkers. Concretely, fBD exhibit a distinctive pattern of beta band hyperconnectivity among crucial regions of inhibitory control networks, positively correlated with behavioral traits and future alcohol intake rate. Conclusions These findings strongly support the idea of early neurobiological vulnerabilities for substances consumption initiation, with inhibitory functional networks’ abnormalities as a relevant neurophysiological marker of subjects at risk— we hypothesize this profile is due to neurodevelopmental and neurobiological differences involving cognitive control networks and neurotransmission pathways.Item Longitudinal change of inhibitory control functional connectivity associated with the development of heavy alcohol drinking(Frontiers in Psychology, 2023) Antón Toro, Luis Fernando; Shpakivska Bilan, Danylyna; Del Cerro León, Alberto; Bruña Fernández, Ricardo; Uceta García, Marcos; García Moreno, Luis Miguel; Maestu Unturbe, Fernando; Campanella, SalvatoreIntroduction: Heavy drinking (HD) prevalent pattern of alcohol consumption among adolescents, particularly concerning because of their critical vulnerability to the neurotoxic effects of ethanol. Adolescent neurodevelopment is characterized by critical neurobiological changes of the prefrontal, temporal and parietal regions, important for the development of executive control processes, such as inhibitory control (IC). In the present Magnetoencephalography (MEG) study, we aimed to describe the relationship between electrophysiological Functional Connectivity (FC) during an IC task and HD development, as well as its impact on functional neuromaturation. Methods: We performed a two-year longitudinal protocol with two stages. In the first stage, before the onset of HD, we recorded brain electrophysiological activity from a sample of 67 adolescents (mean age = 14.6 ± 0.7) during an IC task. Alcohol consumption was measured using the AUDIT test and a semi-structured interview. Two years later, in the second stage, 32 of the 67 participants (mean age 16.7 ± 0.7) completed a similar protocol. As for the analysis in the first stage, the source-space FC matrix was calculated, and then, using a cluster-based permutation test (CBPT) based on Spearman's correlation, we calculated the correlation between the FC of each cortical source and the number of standard alcohol units consumed two years later. For the analysis of longitudinal change, we followed a similar approach. We calculated the symmetrized percentage change (SPC) between FC at both stages and performed a CBPT analysis, analyzing the correlation between FC change and the level of alcohol consumed in a regular session. Results: The results revealed an association between higher beta-band FC in the prefrontal and temporal regions and higher consumption years later. Longitudinal results showed that greater future alcohol consumption was associated with an exacerbated reduction in the FC of the same areas. Discussion: These results underline the existence of several brain functional differences prior to alcohol misuse and their impact on functional neuromaturation.