Person:
Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco

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First Name
Juan Francisco
Last Name
Díaz Morales
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Psicología
Department
Psicología Social, Trabajo y Diferencial
Area
Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico
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UCM identifierORCIDScopus Author IDWeb of Science ResearcherIDDialnet IDGoogle Scholar ID

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
  • Item
    Consequences of adolescent's evening preference on psychological functioning: a review
    (Anales de Psicología, 2014) Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Escribano Barreno, Cristina
    This review provides an overview of the role of circadian preference in psychological functioning of adolescents taking into account their shift to eveningness during this stage of life. After a brief explanation about morningness/eveningness and other terms related, an overview of the changes that occur on three of the most important areas in the adolescent‟s life is presented: school performance, personality styles, and health. Consequences of evening preference on school achievement are considered from the analysis of the relevance of sleep debt and time-of-day in cognition and mood aspects. In general, students who are able to choose activity times coinciding with their preferred times may have a greater opportunity to optimize their performance. The personality styles and health of morning and evening types are also important factors related to school and family adaptation. At last, some recommendations and conclusions in order to promote a healthy psychological functioning are described.
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    Chronotype and time-of-day effects on mood during school day
    (Chronobiology international, 2015) Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Escribano Barreno, Cristina; Jankowski, Konrad S
    Existing evidence suggests an association between mood, time-of-day and Morningness-Eveningness (M-E). Since few studies have been carried out among adolescents, in this study daily mood fluctuations were analyzed in the naturalistic school context during two days in order to test how chronotype and time-of-day are related to mood during the school schedule period and check if sleep length is involved in the above relation. A sample of 655 adolescents (12-16 years) reported mood levels (current level of pleasantness) three times during school day (8:10-8:30 h, 10:20-11:40 h, 13:50-14:10 h). They also reported M-E preference and time in bed. Neither age nor sex was related to mood. However, the results indicated that regardless of chronotype mood increased throughout the school day from the lowest morning levels. Moreover, morning types showed better mood compared to other chronotypes, while evening types exhibited the lowest mood. Evening oriented students slept less than other chronotypes, but time in bed was not involved in the relationship between chronotype and mood. These results suggest that it is not shortened sleep duration responsible for decreased mood in evening oriented students.
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    Matutinidad-vespertinidad y ansiedad rasgo en adolescentes
    (Anales de Psicología, 2013) Collado Mateo, María José; Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Escribano Barreno, Cristina; Delgado Prieto, Pedro
    El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la relación entre la matutinidad-vespertinidad y la ansiedad rasgo en adolescentes. La muestra estaba formada por 638 adolescentes de 12 a 14 años. Se midió la matutinidadvespertinidad mediante la Escala de Matutinidad-Vespertinidad para Niños, MESC (Carskadon, Vieira y Acebo, 1993) y la ansiedad rasgo mediante el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo para niños, STAIC (Spielberger, Edwards, Lushene, Montuori y Platzek, 1973; Spielberger, Edwards y Lushene, 1990). Los resultados indicaron que las chicas eran más vespertinas, que la vespertinidad aumentaba con la edad y una relación negativa entre matutinidad y ansiedad rasgo. Aquellos adolescentes más vespertinos obtuvieron una mayor ansiedad rasgo, posiblemente debido a un mayor desajusteentre los ritmos biológicos y sociales (horarios escolares matutinos
  • Item
    Morningness-eveningness and anxiety among adults: a matter of sex/gender?
    (Personality and Individual Differences, 2008) Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Sánchez López, María Pilar
    People’s health and well-being may be determined by the interaction of endogenous and external rhythms. Late chronotypes should become anxious because of the demand to perform tasks in a society oriented preferentially to morning work. In this study, we examined the relationship between morningness and anxiety in 559 adults (age range 40–63 years) from rural environments who completed morningness–eveningness and anxiety measures. Results indicated a negative correlation between morningness and anxiety in women, but not in men, suggesting the relevance of gender-related variables. When demographic characteristics were considered, women’s anxiety was predicted by low educational level and eveningness, whereas men’s anxiety was predicted by being single, having children, being unemployed, and eveningness. Some hypotheses of gender-related social roles are postulated as a possible explanation of the results.
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    Social jetlag, academic achievement and cognitive performance: Understanding gender/sex differences
    (Chronobiology international, 2015) Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Escribano Barreno, Cristina
    Adolescents in high school suffer from circadian misalignment, undersleeping on weekdays and oversleeping on weekends. Since high schools usually impose early schedules, adolescents suffer from permanent social jetlag and thus are a suitable population to study the effects of social jetlag on both academic and cognitive performance. In this study, 796 adolescents aged 12 to 16 reported information about their sleep habits, morningness-eveningness, cognitive abilities and grade point average. Time in bed on both weekdays and weekends were not related to cognitive abilities, and only time in bed on weekdays was related to academic achievement. Social jetlag was negatively related to academic achievement, cognitive abilities (except for vocabulary and verbal fluency abilities) and general cognitive ability (g), whereas morningness-eveningness was slightly positively related to academic achievement and marginally negatively related to inductive reasoning. Results separated by sex/gender indicated that social jetlag may be more detrimental to girls’ performance, as it was negatively related to a greater number of cognitive abilities and grade point average.
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    Perspectiva temporal futura y ciclo vital
    (Anales de psicología, 2006) Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco
    This study described the future temporal perspective (FTP) changes across age. Future time perspective has been evaluated according to Nurmi’s model (1989), which was composed by three components: motivation, planning, and prospective evaluation. The participants were four groups of different ages: 130 adolescents (15-18 years old), 150 undergraduates (19-28 years old), 100 adults middle age (30-59 years old), and 74 elder people (60-88 years old). It has been used the Nurmi’s Goals and Fears Questionnaire, which evaluated each three component through temporal extension, knowledge, realization, planning, control, probability of fu-ture realization, and future affect dimensions. It has been analysed dimensions for goals and fears. The results indicated a U inverted shape in tem-poral distance, progressive increase of knowledge, realization and planning, and decrease of control. Also, the results indicated gender differences according to content of goals and fears.
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    Relaciones entre matutinidad-vespertinidad y estilos de personalidad
    (Anales de Psicología, 2003) Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Aparicio García, Marta Evelia
    El propósito de este estudio es analizar los perfiles diferenciales de personalidad según la tipología circadiana en un grupo de 189 personas, a los que se aplicó la Escala Compuesta de Matutinidad (Smith, Reilly y Midkniff, 1989), traducida y adaptada a la población española por Díaz Ramiro (2000) y el Inventario Millon de Estilos de Personalidad (Millon, 1994), traducido y adaptado a la población española (Millon, 2001). Se han estudiado las relaciones entre la tipología circadiana y los estilos de personalidad, así como los perfiles de personalidad de cada cronotipo. Los resultados indican que las personas matutinas y vespertinas se diferencian principalmente por el estilo cognitivo que utilizan para obtener y transformar la información del entorno. Las personas matutinas prefieren la información concreta que asimilan a esquemas de conocimiento previos, mientras que las personas vespertinas prefieren la información simbólica y ambigua que acomodan con esquemas de conocimiento nuevos y originales. Por último, como estilo de relación interpersonal, las personas vespertinas son más inseguras y menos condescendientes con los demás, mientras que las personas matutinas son más respetuosas con las costumbres y normas sociales.