Person: Bezos Garrido, Javier
Loading...
First Name
Javier
Last Name
Bezos Garrido
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Veterinaria
Department
Sanidad Animal
Area
Sanidad Animal
Identifiers
48 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 48
Item Evaluation of a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in goat milk(Research in Veterinary Science, 2020) Roy, A.; Infantes-Lorenzo, J.A.; Dominguez, M.; Moreno, I.; Pérez Sancho, Marta; García Benzaquén, Nerea; García-Seco Romero, María Teresa; Álvarez Sánchez, Julio; Romero Martínez, Beatriz; Gortázar, C.; Juan Ferré, Lucía De; Domínguez Rodríguez, Lucas José; Bezos Garrido, JavierCaprine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonosis with sanitary and economic repercussions. Caprine TB control programs are based on a test and cull strategy using the intradermal tuberculin tests and slaughterhouse surveillance. However, this approach is not always feasible and may have a limited sensitivity under specific circumstances. In this study, performance of a new experimental test based on the P22 protein complex (P22 ELISA) was evaluated in two TB-infected herds using milk and serum samples and compared with cell-based diagnostic tests. Samples from a low (n = 62, herd 1) and a high (n = 52, herd 2) TB prevalence herd were selected. Moreover, bulk tank milk samples from both herds were analysed using the P22 ELISA. At the end of the study, a group of animals (n = 21) was euthanized and subjected to post-mortem analysis and bacteriological culture. Significant differences (p < .001) on the qualitative and quantitative (ODs) results were observed between herds using both serum and milk samples in the P22 ELISA. The correlation observed in the quantitative results obtained in serum and milk samples was very strong in animals from flock 2 (rs = 0.91) and moderate in animals from flock 1 (rs = 0.46). Among the slaughtered animals, the P22 ELISA detected a higher proportion of lesion-culture positive animals than cell-based diagnostic tests (61.9 and 66.7% using milk and serum samples, respectively). The P22 ELISA using milk samples demonstrated a similar sensitivity compared with serum samples, suggesting it might be a valuable test for TB control in dairy goats.Item Tuberculosis in domestic ruminants: towards eradication of zoonotic tuberculosis(Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2024) Boschiroli, Laura; Salguero, Francisco Javier; Jones, Gareth; Bezos Garrido, JavierTuberculosis (TB) is a zoonosis with a significant impact on human and animal health and it remains endemic in many countries around the world. Most cases of human TB are caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, whilst TB in wildlife and domestic ruminants is mainly caused by animal adapted mycobacterial species such as M. bovis and M. caprae. However, the impact of zoonotic TB (zTB) has been known for a long time and resulted in the implementation of milk pasteurization as a preventive public health measure in many countries. According to data published by the WHO, more than 140,000 people are infected and more than 12,000 die every year due to zTB, particularly in the African and Southeast Asian regions. Zoonotic M. bovis transmission represents 0.4% of all cases in the EU, although this may be underestimated, as it is not always possible to confirm the TB species involved, or conduct appropriate epidemiological investigations. Livestock TB control programs were originally implemented to reduce zTB. Successes in controlling infections in livestock, together with measures to control animal products with suspected infection have contributed to lowering the annual incidence of cases of zTB in high-income countries. The incidence tends to be higher in countries where animal and public health resources are inadequate to manage costly bovine TB control programs. TB eradication is difficult to achieve mainly due to: (I) limited knowledge of the complex immunological response against the infection, (II) complex epidemiology, including several domestic and wildlife reservoirs, (III) the absence of an effective vaccine, (IV) a limited performance of the current diagnostic tests, and (V) societal aspects. Therefore, there is a need to continue working on these fields of TB research. In this Research Topic, different aspects of the epidemiology, diagnosis and control of TB in wildlife and domestic ruminants have been addressed to increase the knowledge about this important zoonotic disease. This will contribute to TB eradication in domestic ruminants, which also represents an important step to reduce the zTB.Item Intradermal Tuberculin Test in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): Experimental use of Mycobacterial Antigens for the Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis(Journal of Buffalo Science, 2024) Martucciello, Alessandra; Mazzone, Piera; Napolitano, Francesco; Bezos Garrido, Javier; Grandoni, Francesco; Boniotti, Maria Beatrice; Cagiola, Monica; Cappelli, Giovanna; Di Vuolo, Gabriele; Galiero, Giorgio; Signorelli, Federica; De Carlo, EsterinaThe study aims to evaluate the potential use of mycobacterial ESAT6 and CFP10 antigens, Early Secretory Proteins (ESP) in the Skin Test used for bovine tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in Water Buffalo. A pilot study was performed on 21 buffaloes from a TB outbreak and 11 buffaloes from a TB-free herd. Three concentrations of ESAT6-CFP10 (10, 20, and 30 mg) and two of ESP (50 and 100 µg) were inoculated in the Skin Test, along with PPDB, PPDA, and PBS as a negative control. Skin thickness was measured with calipers before the test and every 24 hours for 4 days. Then, to evaluate the specificity of the antigens, a field study was conducted, and 100 buffaloes from a TB-free herd were inoculated using the best antigens concentration derived from the pilot study. In the positive buffaloes, the strongest skin response was to PPDB at 24h, with some subjects becoming inconclusive at 72 and 96 h. A peak response to PPDA at 48 hours was detected, followed by a slight decrease. The response to ESP-100 µg remained high at 24 and 48 h, then decreased, remaining positive at 72 h. In the 100 TB-free buffaloes, the best specificity was observed using ESAT6-CFP10 and ESP. ESP yielded the best results, showing higher reactivity in infected animals and no reactivity in the healthy ones at 72 h. Therefore, ESP could be an excellent candidate for further extensive studies in the buffalo species to improve Skin Test performance.Item MicroMundo: una aproximación a la perspectiva One Health de Salud Global mediante Aprendizaje-Servicio integrando diversos niveles educativos(2022) González Zorn, Bruno; Román González, Elvira; Molina Martín, María; Martín Brieva, Humberto; Escudero García-Calderón, José Antonio; Rodríguez Fernández, Carmina; Bezos Garrido, Javier; Álvarez Sánchez, Julio; Pérez Sancho, Marta; Amaro Torres, Francisco; Jiménez Cid, Víctor; Suárez Rodríguez, Mónica; Patiño Álvarez, Aurora Belén; Calvo De Pablo, Pilar; Fernández-Acero Bascones, Teresa; Pavón Verges, Mónica; Sanz Santamaría, Ana Belén; Díaz Del Toro, Silvia; González Rubio, Gema; Vázquez Estévez, María Covadonga Inmaculada; Gil Serna, Jessica; Jiménez Gutiérrez, Elena; Del Val Oriza, Elba; Valentí Sanguino, Marta; Sellers Moya, Ángela; Sastre Vergara, LucíaMicroMundo es la adaptación a Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS) de la estrategia de crowdsourcing y ciencia ciudadana internacional Tiny Earth. Su objetivo de servicio esencial es acercar la cultura científica, la perspectiva One Health y la investigación biomédica a la sociedad, poniendo el foco en jóvenes estudiantes para fomentar la vocación por formación en Grados STEM y por la investigación. La pandemia de COVID-19 y sus consecuencias han puesto de manifiesto la urgencia de acercar la cultura científica en el ámbito de la Biomedicina y la Salud Pública a la sociedad e implicar en esta tarea a nuestros estudiantes. Pero también la pandemia ha impuesto cambios en nuestro esquema de trabajo durante este curso, lo que nos ha obligado a trabajar on-line en lugar de llevar a cabo las características actividades experimentales de aprendizaje activo en las que se fundamenta el proyecto en condiciones normales. Manteniendo los mismos objetivos, las intervenciones en los 20 Colegios e Institutos en los que hemos realizado el proyecto se han enfocado en la elaboración de materiales divulgativos e intervenciones en la comunidad por parte de los jóvenes estudiantes, de manera coordinada por nuestros estudiantes universitarios y la organización de un Simposio on-line de ámbito nacional donde se expusieron y compartieron las diversas iniciativas. La elevada participación en el Simposio, de inscripción gratuita (más de 500 inscritos) y la calidad de las 69 ponencias propuestas, la mayoría de manera conjunta por alumnos de instituto y universitarios, avala el enorme éxito de la iniciativa virtual y la consecución de objetivos. El material generado (videojuegos, entornos educativos virtuales, paisajes de aprendizaje, escape rooms, videos, campañas en Instagram o Tik Tok, blogs, etc) será muy valioso como material de apoyo en sucesivas ediciones de MicroMundo. Todo este material se irá divulgando en el portal www.esmisionposible.com las redes sociales @EsMisionPosible, gestionados por el proyecto. En resumen, consideramos que nuestro proyecto que implica tanto a estudiantes y profesores de centros educativos de Educación Secundaria y Bachillerato en la CAM a, como a profesores y estudiantes universitarios de los ámbitos de Sanidad Humana, Animal y Medioambiental de manera transversal e interfacultativa, ha afrontado con éxito el reto de adaptar el proyecto a la situación epidemiológica, reforzándolo con actividades no presenciales orientadas a consolidar una comunidad MicroMundo virtual en la que los estudiantes pueden compartir sus experiencias en la divulgación del problema de la resistencia y el fomento de la investigación para el descubrimiento de nuevos antimicrobianos.Item Comparison of four different culture media for isolation and growth of type II and type I/III Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains isolated from cattle and goats(Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2006) Juan Ferré, Lucía De; Álvarez Sánchez, Julio; Romero Martínez, Beatriz; Bezos Garrido, Javier; Castellanos, Elena; Aranaz Martín, Alicia; Mateos García, Ana Isabel; Domínguez Rodríguez, Lucas JoséCulture is considered the definitive technique for Johne's disease diagnosis, and it is essential for later applications of certain molecular typing techniques. In this study, we have tested four solid media (Herrold's egg yolk medium [HEYM] with sodium pyruvate and mycobactin [HEYMm-SP], HEYM with mycobactin and without sodium pyruvate [HEYMm], Middlebrook 7H11 with mycobactin [Mm], and Löwenstein-Jensen with mycobactin [LJm]) for isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains in 319 tissue samples from cattle herds and goat flocks. We have shown that each of the two main groups of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (type II and type I/III) has different requirements for growth in the culture media studied. The recommended solid media for isolation of type I/III strains are LJm and Mm, since the combination of both media allowed the recovery of all these strains. The most widespread culture medium, HEYM, is not suitable for the isolation of this group of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains. Regarding the type II strains, HEYMm-SP was the medium where more strains were isolated, but the other three media are also needed in order to recover all type II strains. The incubation period is also related to the strain type. In conclusion, because the type of strain cannot be known in advance of culture, coupled with the fact that cattle and goats can be infected with both groups of strains, we recommend the use of the four solid media and the prolongation of the incubation period to more than 6 months to detect paratuberculous herds/flocks and to determine the true prevalence of the infection.Item Analysis of the cattle movement network and its association with the risk of bovine tuberculosis at the farm level in Castilla y Leon, Spain(Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2019) Pozo Piñol, Pilar; Bezos Garrido, Javier; Álvarez Sánchez, Julio; VanderWaal, Kimberly; Grau, Anna; de la Cruz Conty, María Luisa; Nácar, Jesus; Pérez, Andrés; Mínguez, OlgaBetween-farm transmission of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) occurs mostly through fence-to-fence contact between neighbouring farms, endemic infected wildlife or movement of infected animals. Unfortunately, bTB detection is frequently delayed and identification of the source of introduction is often difficult, particularly in endemic regions. Here, we characterized the cattle movement network of Castilla y Leon, a high bTB-prevalence (1.9% at the farm level in 2015) region in Spain, over six years and analysed the distribution of bTB to ultimately assess the likelihood of spatial and movement-mediated transmission. We analysed movement and bTB data from 27,633 units located in the region, of which 87% were involved in ~1.4 million movements of ~8.8 million animals. Network-level connectivity was low, although a few highly connected units were identified. Up to 15% of the herds became bTB-positive at some point during the study, with the highest percentage found in bullfighting and beef herds. Although bTB-positive herds had a significantly higher degree and moved more cattle than negative herds. Results of the k-test, a permutation-based procedure, suggested that positive farms were not significantly clustered in the movement network. Location was a likely risk factor as bTB-positive farms tended to be located within 5 km from each other. Results suggested that movements may be a source of bTB in cattle in Castilla y Leon, although local factors may be more influential in determining risk of disease at the farm level. The description of the movement network in Castilla y Leon may be valuable for bTB surveillance in Spain. Moreover, results are useful to assess the movement-associated risk for multiple diseases.Item Factors affecting the performance of P22 ELISA for the diagnosis of caprine tuberculosis in milk samples(Research in Veterinary Science, 2022) Ortega Becerril, José Antonio; Infantes Lorenzo, José Antonio; Roy, A.; Juan Ferré, Lucía De; Romero Martínez, Beatriz; Moreno, I.; Domínguez, M.; Bezos Garrido, Javier; Domínguez Rodríguez, Lucas JoséCaprine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonosis caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Caprine TB eradication programmes are based mainly on intradermal tuberculin tests and slaughterhouse surveillance. However, the use of serological test has been extended as a potential diagnostic tool in goats through the use of serum, plasma, or even milk samples. Milk production and the antibodies (Ab) present in milk can vary depending on several circumstances. In the present study, different factors that may affect the performance of humoral TB diagnosis were analysed using goat milk samples: 1) lactation stage, 2) a recent previous skin test (booster effect) and 3) the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on milk samples preserved with azidiol. TB-infected animals (n = 44) were selected to evaluate the evolution of the Ab levels during the 6-month lactation period, along with its potential effect on the P22 ELISA results. In general, no significant changes (p = 0.079) were observed throughout the study as regards Ab levels in milk samples between consecutive analysis although the reactivity to P22 ELISA decreased when samplings were performed at the last two months of the lactation. Regarding the booster effect, the quantitative results showed a significant variation (p < 0.001) for both milk and serum samples when serological tests were carried out 15 days after the skin test. Finally, there were no significant differences (p = 0.99) in the P22 ELISA results when using milk samples preserved with azidiol that had undergone freeze-thaw cycles.Item Assessment of the sensitivity of the bovine tuberculosis eradication program in a high prevalence region of Spain using scenario tree modeling(Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2019) De la Cruz, María Luisa; Pozo Piñol, Pilar; Grau, Anna; Nacar, Jesús; Bezos Garrido, Javier; Pérez, Andrés; Domínguez Rodríguez, Lucas José; Sáez, José Luís; Mínguez-González, Olga; Juan Ferré, Lucía De; Álvarez Sánchez, JulioIn spite of the efforts invested to eradicate bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle, the disease is still present in several developed countries, including Spain. Among the factors related with disease persistence in high prevalence areas, the lack of sensitivity of the screening test for detection of infected herds [single intradermal tuberculin (SIT) test] can play a major role. Here, a scenario tree model mimicking the diagnostic test scheme in place in the region of Castilla y Leon (Spain) was developed to estimate the probability of detecting bTB in an infected-non detected officially tuberculosis free (OTF) herd (herd sensitivity, HSe). In order to do so the probability of detecting at least one positive animal in the SIT test with/without post-mortem (detection of lesions and culture) confirmation in an infected herd was estimated using Monte Carlo simulation through @ RISK (Palisade Co, NY, USA). Uncertainty on the accuracy of the diagnostic tests was introduced in the model using distributions based on the literature. The performance of the model was evaluated by comparing the predicted number of SIT/post-mortem positive animals in infected herds with those observed in newly detected bTB-infected herds in the region in 2011–2015. The estimated HSe of the SIT test was 76.2% (95% probability interval: 19.8–97.6). According to the model, bTB infection would be then confirmed through culture in 65.3% (95% PI: 50.0–82.3) of the herds detected through the SIT test, so that overall the proportion of infected-non detected OTF herds in which the infection could be confirmed after the initial SIT test was 49.6% (95% PI: 9.75–80.3). The predicted HSe of both SIT test and culture was directly correlated with herd size. Results from the model suggest a moderate but highly variable HSe of the current surveillance system in place for bTB detection in OTF herds located in high prevalence areas, that could be maximized by performing multiple tests within a year as indicated in the Spanish eradication program (with a median SIT HSe of 87% when two consecutive tests were considered). In addition, these results highlight the usefulness of performing subsequent SIT tests to rule out infection in SIT-positive herds even when the causative agent cannot be isolated.Item MicroMundo: Ciencia Ciudadana para el descubrimiento y concienciación sobre el uso de antibióticos mediante Aprendizaje-Servicio(2020) Jiménez Cid, Víctor; Calvo De Pablo, Pilar; Román González, Elvira; Patiño Álvarez, Aurora Belén; González Zorn, Bruno; Gómez-Luz Centellés, María Luisa; Molina Martín, María; Martín Brieva, Humberto; Escudero García-Calderón, José Antonio; Pavón Verges, Mónica; Rodríguez Fernández, Carmina; Díaz Del Toro, Silvia; Rodríguez Escudero, María Isabel; Vázquez Estévez, María Covadonga Inmaculada; Bezos Garrido, Javier; Álvarez Sánchez, Julio; Amaro Torres, Francisco; Suárez Rodríguez, Mónica; Gil Serna, Jessica; Fernández-Acero Bascones, Teresa; Sanz Santamaría, Ana Belén; González Rubio, Gema; Jiménez Gutiérrez, Elena; Coronas Serna, Julia María; Valentí Sanguino, Marta; Del Val Oriza, Elba; Sellers Moya, Ángela; Gibello Prieto, Alicia; Arias López, Patricia; Sastre Vergara, LucíaMicroMundo es un proyecto de Ciencia Ciudadana basado en aprendizaje activo, en el que estudiantes de ESO y Bachillerato, objeto del servicio, coordinados por equipos de estudiantes universitarios, objeto del aprendizaje, desarrollan un proyecto de investigación real. El objetivo de la investigación es el aislamiento, a partir de microorganismos de muestras de suelo, de nuevas actividades antibióticas. Los objetivos de servicio son acercar cultura científica a la sociedad en Salud Global, con foco en el problema de la resistencia a antibióticos, actuando sobre la población más joven,al tiempo que se crean en ellos vocaciones STEM y curiosidad por la I+D en Biomedicina. Durante el curso 2019-20, 150 nuevos alumnos se han incorporado al proyecto interfacultativo en la UCM, trabajando en 26 centros educativos de la Comunidad de Madrid. El confinamiento por la situación pandémica ha reforzado el interés del proyecto, pero ha obligado a pasar el entorno on-line algunas de las actuaciones previstas. No obstante, los objetivos del proyecto se han alcanzado.Item Effect of paratuberculosis on the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in a cattle herd with a mixed infection using interferon-gamma detection assay(Veterinary Microbiology, 2009) Álvarez Sánchez, Julio; Juan Ferré, Lucía De; Bezos Garrido, Javier; Romero Martínez, Beatriz; Sáez, Jose Luis; Marqués, Sergio; Domínguez, Concepción; Mínguez, Olga; Fernández-Mardomingo, Baudilio; Mateos García, Ana Isabel; Domínguez Rodríguez, Lucas José; Aranaz Martín, AliciaInterferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) detection assay is being applied as an ancillary test to tuberculin tests in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis to detect the maximum number of infected animals. Among possible factors influencing the performance of tuberculosis-diagnostic tests, paratuberculosis, a widespread disease in Spain and other European countries, has been pointed out as a cause of false positive reactions. Still, its effect on the sensitivity of these tests in cattle has yet to be fully characterized. The impact of paratuberculosis in the apparent sensitivity of IFN-gamma assay was studied in a bullfighting cattle herd with a mixed tuberculosis-paratuberculosis infection, using culture of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis as the gold standard to determine the infection status of every animal. A total of 218 animals were slaughtered and sampled for bacteriology after blood sampling. IFN-gamma assay showed a lower apparent sensitivity in animals with a mixed infection (50%) compared to all animals suffering tuberculosis (78.3%). This finding indicates that the presence of paratuberculosis in tuberculosis-infected herds could imply a serious impairment in the sensitivity of IFN-gamma detection test.