Person: Bosch López, Jaime Alfonso
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First Name
Jaime Alfonso
Last Name
Bosch López
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Veterinaria
Department
Sanidad Animal
Area
Identifiers
5 results
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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
Item Heritability of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis burden and its genetic correlation with development time in a population of Common toad (Bufo spinosus)(Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution, 2016) Palomar García, Gemma; Cano, Jose Manuel; Bosch López, Jaime AlfonsoDespite the important threat that emerging pathogens pose for the conservation of biodiversity as well as human health, very little is known about the adaptive potential of host species to withstand infections. We studied the quantitative genetic architecture responsible for the burden of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in a population of common toads in conjunction with other life-history traits (i.e., body size and development rate) that may be affected by common selective pressures. We found a significant heritable component that is associated with fungal burden, which may allow for local adaptation to this pathogen to proceed. In addition, the high genetic correlation found between fungal burden and development time suggests that both traits have to be taken into account in order to assess the adaptive response of host populations to this emerging pathogen.Item Modelos biológicos aplicados a la sanidad animal(2017) Bosch López, Jaime Alfonso; Muñoz Reoyo, María Jesús; Torre Reoyo, Ana Isabel de la; Sánchez Vizcaíno, José ManuelLa línea argumental de esta tesis se va a centrar en la investigación y desarrollo de modelos biológicos del jabalí (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758), un mamífero terrestre ampliamente distribuido de gran relevancia sanitaria, que puede actuar como potencial hospedador y reservorio de muchas enfermedades porcinas, como la Peste porcina clásica, Enfermedad de Aujeszky, Fiebre Aftosa, tuberculosis o Brucelosis. Sin embargo, estos modelos se van focalizar en la Peste porcina africana (PPA), enfermedad de declaración obligatoria de la lista de la Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE), de las más complejas y de mayor importancia sanitario-económica de entre todas las que pueden afectar a la industria porcina mundial. Desde la introducción del virus de la PPA (vPPA) en Georgia en 2007, su rápida difusión en el Este de Europa, el escaso éxito en su control y el resurgimiento en 2014 en países de la Unión Europea (UE), ha elevado el nivel de alerta sanitaria global frente al virus. El jabalí parece haber desempeñado un papel activo en la epidemia de la PPA en el Este Europa, al estar involucrado en el mantenimiento de la enfermedad en las zonas endémicas (Armenia, Azerbaiyán, Georgia, Federación de Rusia, Bielorrusia y Ucrania) y en la introducción y difusión local dentro de los países de la UE (Letonia, Lituania, Estonia y Polonia). Por tanto, los países de la UE se enfrentan a un escenario epidemiológico que anteriormente no se había evidenciado, el cual plantea nuevos desafíos para controlar la expansión de la PPA; enfermedad hasta el momento relativamente olvidada. Tres vías de entrada se asocian principalmente al riesgo de introducción del vPPA en países libres, siendo la más complicada de controlar la vinculada al movimiento natural del jabalí; un viajero que apenas conoce barreras ni fronteras políticas. Por tanto, para el diseño de los distintos programas sanitarios que tienen por objeto la prevención, vigilancia y control de la PPA, es esencial conocer la distribución del jabalí a gran escala; vacío importante de información hasta la fecha en la que se inicia esta tesis. Para anticipar la distribución de la enfermedad a gran escala, la epidemiología veterinaria debe avanzar a través de la exploración de las herramientas de la ecología geográfica y nuevas fuentes de datos, empleando un enfoque biológico. Actualmente, la evolución de los sistemas de Información Geográfica, los avances tecnológicos de las plataformas de teledetección, que permiten capturar información del medio ambiente (clima, topografía, cubierta vegetal, etc) y el desarrollo de técnicas estadísticas aplicadas, ofrecen una buena base para estimar la distribución de esta especie. En el trabajo que presento trato de utilizar y extender las posibilidades de los modelos de distribución de especies para ofrecer respuestas a problemas planteados en la epidemiología veterinaria...Item Role of Wild Boar in the Spread of Classical Swine Fever in Japan(Pathogens, 2019) Ito, Satoshi; Jurado Díaz, Cristina; Bosch López, Jaime Alfonso; Ito, Mitsugi; Sánchez-Vizcaíno Rodríguez, José Manuel; Isoda, Norikazu; Sakoda, YoshihiroSince September 2018, nearly 900 notifications of classical swine fever (CSF) have been reported in Gifu Prefecture (Japan) affecting domestic pig and wild boar by the end of August 2019. To determine the epidemiological characteristics of its spread, a spatio-temporal analysis was performed using actual field data on the current epidemic. The spatial study, based on standard deviational ellipses of official CSF notifications, showed that the disease likely spread to the northeast part of the prefecture. A maximum significant spatial association estimated between CSF notifications was 23 km by the multi-distance spatial cluster analysis. A space-time permutation analysis identified two significant clusters with an approximate radius of 12 and 20 km and 124 and 98 days of duration, respectively. When the area of the identified clusters was overlaid on a map of habitat quality, approximately 82% and 75% of CSF notifications, respectively, were found in areas with potential contact between pigs and wild boar. The obtained results provide information on the current CSF epidemic, which is mainly driven by wild boar cases with sporadic outbreaks on domestic pig farms. These findings will help implement control measures in Gifu Prefecture.Item Early exposure to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis causes profound immunosuppression in amphibians(European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2017) Fernández-Loras, Andrés; Fernández-Beaskoetxea, Saioa; Arriero Higueras, Elena; Fisher, Matthew C.; Bosch López, Jaime AlfonsoFungal pathogens have evolved a broad suite of strategies aiming at evading the host immune response. Amphibians are globally infected by the panzootic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and, while robust innate immune defences have been characterised, there is little evidence for the existence of effective adaptive immunity. We determine the immune response of the common midwife toad following challenge by Bd as larvae. Immune function was described for both the cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses following infectious challenge as larval amphibians. While there were no significant differences in the ratio of neutrophils/lymphocytes between infected and uninfected individuals, early exposure of tadpoles to Bd significantly dampened the levels of circulating immunoglobulins (IgM and IgY) in the serum of juveniles after metamorphosis. Our results show that Bd immunosuppresses amphibians when infection occurs as larvae with potentially broad effects on the remodelling of immunity during metamorphosis.Item Tracking the introduction history of Ichthyosaura alpestris in a protected area of Central Spain(Conservation Genetics, 2017) Palomar García, Gemma; Voros, Judit; Bosch López, Jaime AlfonsoOne of the main goals of protected areas, especially National Parks, is biodiversity conservation. Taking into account the multiple negative impacts that allochthonous animals can cause in an ecosystem, it is important to know and track the introductions in order to take efficient management measures to enhance biodiversity conservation. We study the origin of an Ichthyosaura alpestris population in Peñalara Massif within the Guadarrama National Park, Central Spain. To accomplish this goal, we used nine microsatellite markers and sequences from 16S and ND4 genes. Both mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analyses showed the close relationship between Peñalara and Asturian populations, despite their geographical distance, confirming the allochthonous origin of this population. Interestingly, more than one introduction event seems to have occurred with individuals from Lago Ercina and Pozos de Lloroza populations participating in the founding of the Peñalara population. Due to predation, competition and transmission of diseases enhanced by its ongoing expansion, I. alpestris population might be considered a threat to Peñalara biodiversity. We advise an efficient population control to conserve the biodiversity within the Guadarrama National Park and an update of the position of this population in the Spanish indexes and list of species.