Person: Cortés Gardyn, Óscar
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First Name
Óscar
Last Name
Cortés Gardyn
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Veterinaria
Department
Producción Animal
Area
Producción Animal
Identifiers
10 results
Search Results
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Item Conservation priorities of Iberoamerican pig breeds and their ancestors based on microsatellite information(Heredity, 2016) Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Martínez, A. M.; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Sevane Fernández, Natalia; Gama, L. T.; Ginja, C.; Landi, V.; Zaragoza, P.; Carolino, N.; Vicente, A.; Sponenberg, P.; Delgado, J. V.; BioPig ConsortiumCriollo pig breeds are descendants from pigs brought to the American continent starting with Columbus second trip in 1493. Pigs currently play a key role in social economy and community cultural identity in Latin America. The aim of this study was to establish conservation priorities among a comprehensive group of Criollo pig breeds based on a set of 24 microsatellite markers and using different criteria. Spain and Portugal pig breeds, wild boar populations of different European geographic origins and commercial pig breeds were included in the analysis as potential genetic influences in the development of Criollo pig breeds. Different methods, differing in the weight given to within- and between-breed genetic variability, were used in order to estimate the contribution of each breed to global genetic diversity. As expected, the partial contribution to total heterozygosity gave high priority to Criollo pig breeds, whereas Weitzman procedures prioritized Iberian Peninsula breeds. With the combined within- and between-breed approaches, different conservation priorities were achieved. The Core Set methodologies highly prioritized Criollo pig breeds (Cr. Boliviano, Cr. Pacifico, Cr. Cubano and Cr. Guadalupe). However, weighing the between- and within-breed components with FST and 1-FST, respectively, resulted in higher contributions of Iberian breeds. In spite of the different conservation priorities according to the methodology used, other factors in addition to genetic information also need to be considered in conservation programmes, such as the economic, cultural or historical value of the breeds involved.Item New single nucleotide polymorphisms in Alectoris identified using chicken genome information allow Alectoris introgression detection(Molecular Ecology Resources, 2010) Sevane Fernández, Natalia; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; García D; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Dunner Boxberger, Helene SusanaUsing the chicken genome, 114 polymorphisms (109 SNPs and 5 INDELs) were identified in the Alectoris genus by polymerase chain reaction–single strand conformation polymorphism. Using these, a panel of SNPs is described, which allows easy detection of introgression of Alectoris chukar in wild Alectoris rufa populations, when used with a primer extension protocol. The selected polymorphisms were genotyped and their allelic frequencies estimated on 98 A. rufa partridges sampled from nonrestocking Spanish areas, and 63 A. chukar partridges from Greek and Spanish farms. Power calculations to determine an optimum subset of markers for a given significance level were performed.Item A novel missense variant in endothelin‐2 ( EDN2 ) causes a growth and respiratory lethal syndrome in bovine(Animal Genetics, 2022) Eusebi, Paulina G.; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Contreras, Elisabeth; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Dunner Boxberger, Helene Susana; Sevane Fernández, NataliaThe high level of fragmentation of the Spanish Lidia cattle breed, divided into lineages called ‘castas’ and into herds within lineages based on reproductive isolation, increases the risk of homozygosity and the outbreak of recessive genetic defects. Since 2004, an increasing number of calves have been identified in a Lidia herd with signs of severe growth retardation, respiratory alterations and juvenile lethality, which constitutes a novel inherited syndrome in cattle and was subsequently termed growth and respiratory lethal syndrome. We performed a genome-wide association study on a cohort of 13 affected calves and 24 putative non-carrier parents, mapping the disease to a wide 6 cM region on bovine chromosome 3 (p < 10−7). Whole genome re-sequencing of three affected calves and three putative non-carrier parents identified a novel missense variant (c.149G>A|p.Cys50Tyr) in exon 2 of the endothelin 2 (EDN2) gene. Bioinformatic analyses of p.Cys50Tyr effects predicted them to be damaging for both the structure and the function of the edn2 protein, and to create a new site of splicing that may also affect the pattern of pre-mRNA splicing and exon definition. Sanger sequencing of this variant on the rest of the sample set confirmed the segregation pattern obtained with whole genome re-sequencing. The identification of the causative variant and the development of a diagnostic genetic test enable the efficient design of matings to keep the effective population size as high as possible, as well as providing insights into the first EDN2-associated hereditary disease in cattle or other species.Item Muscle lipid composition in bulls from 15 European breeds(Livestock Science, 2014) Sevane Fernández, Natalia; Nute G; Sañudo C; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Williams JL; Dunner Boxberger, Helene SusanaCattle meat provides essential nutrients necessary for a balanced diet and health preservation. Besides nutritional quality, consumers' preferences are related to specific attributes such as tenderness, taste and flavour. The present study characterizes the fatty acid composition of beef, which is an important factor in both nutritional and quality values, in 15 European cattle breeds fed a similar diet and reared in five countries (United Kingdom, Denmark, France, Italy and Spain). The effect of possible slight differences on diet composition which might have occurred between countries were included in the breed effect which confounds country, diet, slaughter house and slaughter day as all individuals of a same breed were managed simultaneously. The wide range of breeds studied and the significant differences on lipid profile described here provide a broad characterization of beef meat, which allows giving a better response to the variety of consumers' preferences. Regarding meat health benefits, the groups that stand out are: the double-muscled animals, which displayed lower total fat, lower proportion of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids, and a higher proportion of polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids; and Limousin and Charolais breeds with a significantly higher conversion of 18:3n-3 PUFA to the long chain 22:6n-3 PUFA.Item Association of bovine meat quality traits with genes included in the PPARG and PPARGC1A networks(Meat Science, 2013) Sevane Fernández, Natalia; Armstrong E; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Wiener P; Pong Wong R; Dunner Boxberger, Helene SusanaUnderstanding which are the genetic variants underlying the nutritional and sensory properties of beef, enables improvement in meat quality. The aim of this study is to identify new molecular markers for meat quality through an association study using candidate genes included in the PPARG and PPARGC1A networks given their master role in coordinating metabolic adaptation in fat tissue, muscle and liver. Amongst the novel associations found in this study, selection of the positive marker variants of genes such as BCL3, LPL, PPARG, SCAP, and SCD will improve meat organoleptic characteristics and health by balancing the n − 6 to n − 3 fatty acid ratio in meat. Also previous results on GDF8 and DGAT1 were validated, and the novel ATF4, HNF4A and PPARGC1A associations, although slightly under the significance threshold, are consistent with their physiological roles. These data contribute insights into the complex gene-networks underlying economically important traits.Item Association of genes involved in carcass and meat quality traits in 15 European bovine breeds(Livestock Science, 2013) Dunner Boxberger, Helene Susana; Sevane Fernández, Natalia; García D; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Valentini A; Williams JL; Mangin B; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Levéziel HVariations in meat quality traits are under complex genetic control and improvement has been hampered by the difficulty in their measurement. Several QTL have been reported for different meat quality related traits, but few genes have been described which explain large amounts of the phenotypic variation. The use of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker panels with predictive value for carcass traits have been evaluated for cattle and SNP are commercially available even though their predictive accuracy may be low in different breeds. To identify new molecular markers for meat quality, an association study was performed in 15 breeds of cattle using 389 SNP belonging to 206 candidate genes known to be involved in muscle development, metabolism and structure. Fifty-four SNP belonging to 20 different genes were found associated with different growth, carcass and meat quality traits. Some of them were novel associations and other were replications of known associations. Among the former, the gene-network associated with the calpain/calpastatin system was shown to be associated with meat texture, although small effects are found for the examined polymorphisms. Novel associations also included SNP in AANAT which was associated with collagen (P=0.006), CAST with fatty acid muscle composition (P=0.00003), CYP1A1 with juiciness (P=0.0005), DGAT2 with physical traits (P=0.0009) and lipid content (P=0.01) in muscle, MADH3 with the myofibrilar fragmentation index (MFI) (P=0.01), NEB with weight (P=0.00009), PCSK1 with juiciness (P=0.002), PLOD3 with carcass performance (P=0.0009) and fatty acids (P=0.04), and PGAM2 and VIM with post-mortem maturation (P=0.00008 and 0.000005, respectively). These data provide a starting point to investigate the complex gene-networks underlying economically important traits which are of importance to the beef industry for the improvement of production efficiency and meat quality.Item Dissection of ancestral genetic contributions to Creole goat populations(Animal, 2018) Sevane Fernández, Natalia; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Gama, Luis; Martínez, Amparo; Zaragoza, Pilar; Amills, Marcel; Bedotti, Daniel; Bruno de Sousa, Carolina; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Dunner Boxberger, Helene Susana; Ginja, Catarina; Lanari, María Rosa; Landi, Vincenzo; Sponenberg, Phil; Delgado, Juan Vicente; The BioGoat ConsortiumGoats have played a key role as source of nourishment for humans in their expansion all over the world in long land and sea trips. This has guaranteed a place for this species in the important and rapid episode of livestock expansion triggered by Columbus' arrival in the Americas in the late 1400s. The aims of this study are to provide a comprehensive perspective on genetic diversity in American goat populations and to assess their origins and evolutionary trajectories. This was achieved by combining data from autosomal neutral genetic markers obtained in more than two thousand samples that encompass a wide range of Iberian, African and Creole goat breeds. In general, even though Creole populations differ clearly from each other, they lack a strong geographical pattern of differentiation, such that populations of different admixed ancestry share relatively close locations throughout the large geographical range included in this study. Important Iberian signatures were detected in most Creole populations studied, and many of them, particularly the Cuban Creole, also revealed an important contribution of African breeds. On the other hand, the Brazilian breeds showed a particular genetic structure and were clearly separated from the other Creole populations, with some influence from Cape Verde goats. These results provide a comprehensive characterisation of the present structure of goat genetic diversity, and a dissection of the Iberian and African influences that gave origin to different Creole caprine breeds, disentangling an important part of their evolutionary history. Creole breeds constitute an important reservoir of genetic diversity that justifies the development of appropriate management systems aimed at improving performance without loss of genomic diversity.Item Pedigree analysis of a highly fragmented population, the Lidia cattle breed(Livestock Science, 2014) Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Sevane Fernández, Natalia; Baro J.A.; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco JavierThe aim of the study was to analyze the pedigree information of the Lidia bovine breed based on animals registered in the Herdbook and belonging to those lineages recognized as conforming to the official breed standard. Pedigree records of 272,574 animals belonging to 83 herds classified in 30 lineages were used. The average number of equivalent generations known was 4.5 (varying among lineages from 4 in Braganza to 5.2 in Baltasar Iban). The generation interval (7.5 years) was longer than that estimated in other cattle breeds. The effective size was less than 50 and consequently the estimated increase in inbreeding per generation was greater than 1% in all the lineages analyzed. The increase in inbreeding level expected for the next 50 years varied from 7.4% in Braganza to 31.3% in Diego Garrido. The ratios among the effective number of founders, the effective number of ancestors and the effective number of founder genomes was considered evidence that genetic drift explained most of the loss of genetic variability in the Lidia bovine breed due to the reduced effective population sizes of the lineages, more than bottlenecks did, as they have been less dramatic. The lineage allele loss due to the genetic drift and the effect of inbreeding are the major concerns in managing the genetic diversity of the Lidia bovine breed. The analysis of pedigree information still remains as the main useful resource to establish genetic diversity conservation guidelines in the Lidia bovine breed. Minimizing inbreeding increase within lineages in the sub-divided Lidia breed must be the major concern in managing the genetic diversity of this breed.Item Comparison of diversity parameters from SNP, microsatellites and pedigree records in the Lidia cattle breed(Livestock Sicence, 2019) Eusebi, Paulina; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Dunner Boxberger, Helene Susana; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Sevane Fernández, NataliaGenetic drift, loss of heterozygosity and decrease in genetic variability are consequences of high rates of inbreeding over generations. High density single nucleotide polymorphisms arrays offered new possibilities to estimate inbreeding coefficients more accurately than those from pedigree records or microsatellites genotypes. In the present study different inbreeding coefficients were estimated and compared from SNP data: (1) runs of homozygosity of different length (>1Mb, > 4Mb, > 8Mb and > 16Mb), (2) inbreeding coefficients based on the observed vs. expected number of homozygous genotypes and (3) standardized observed homozygosity, from pedigree records and from three microsatellite derived diverse metrics. SNP inbreeding coefficients ranging from 0.14 to 0.26 and shown correlations ≥ 0.84 among them. The correlation among SNP and pedigree inbreeding coefficients was moderate ranged from 0.37 to 0.5 and low than the expected correlation. The limited pedigree depth of the Lidia cattle breed as revealed the average number of equivalent complete generations (5.5) probably explain that the higher correlation coefficient with pedigree records was with the runs of homozygosity of high length (>16Mb). Also, the absence of identity disequilibrium on our molecular data could explain the moderate correlation values (0.43–0.54 in absolute values) among microsatellite derived metrics and SNP inbreeding coefficients.- Project number: PIMCD270/23-24
Item Se acabaron los atracones de Genética: recursos digitales para llevar la asignatura al día(2024) Pérez Cabal, María De Los Ángeles; Cervantes Navarro, Isabel; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Ojeda Marín, Candela; Sevane Fernández, NataliaLas asignaturas de materias básicas presentan un hándicap en la enseñanza, ya que el estudiantado no las considera a priori interesantes ni fundamentales en sus estudios. Los objetivos generales pretendían despertar el interés por la asignatura haciéndola más atractiva de estudiar, buscando 1) Potenciar el aprendizaje autónomo del estudiantado y el pensamiento científico, permitiendo un ritmo de aprendizaje personal, incrementando el número de herramientas a su disposición; 2) Optimizar el tiempo y los recursos de las actividades prácticas; y 3) Optimizar el sistema de evaluación continua de las prácticas de la asignatura. Para ello, se actualizaron o crearon tutoriales mediante lecciones en Moodle, cuestionarios de autoevaluación y se utilizaron aplicaciones como Quizziz para repasar contenidos vistos en clase. El uso de, al menos, dos de los 14 recursos digitales proporcionados para fomentar el autoaprendizaje ayuda a los repetidores a sacar una media de un punto más en la nota del examen, mientras que los de primera matrícula podrían duplicar su calificación. La implementación de la simulación de cruces para la práctica de genes ligados para abordar el objetivo 2 tuvo un resultado satisfactorio, ya que se pudo reducir el coste de recursos necesarios para el mantenimiento de las moscas de diferentes fenotipos. Por último, en la reunión de seguimiento docente con los estudiantes fue muy bien valorada la evaluación continua de las prácticas. Los estudiantes consideraron muy adecuado el tiempo dedicado a cada práctica y que pudieran evaluarse días después de finalizar cada una de ellas. Por todo esto, puede considerarse que los objetivos se han conseguido en su totalidad, aunque sería deseable fomentar más el autoaprendizaje y concienciar a los estudiantes del beneficio que les reporta.