Person:
García Rodríguez, Juan

First Name

Juan

Last Name

García Rodríguez

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/76093

Affiliation

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Faculty / Institute

Ciencias Químicas

Department

Ingeniería Química y de Materiales

Area

Ingeniería Química

Identifiers

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Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 17

Project number: PIMCD405/23-24
Dando a conocer la Ingeniería Química: del bachillerato a la Universidad… y vuelta!
(2024) Martín Martínez, María; Águeda Maté, Vicente Ismael; Álvarez Torrellas, Silvia; Carbajo Olleros, Jaime; Delgado Dobladez, José Antonio; García Rodríguez, Juan; Larriba Martínez, Marcos; Calero Berrocal, Ruben; Cañada Barcala, Andres; Huber Benito, Diego; Martin Gutierrez, Diego; Pascual Muñoz, Gonzalo; Peinado Serrano, M. Cristina; Pinzolas Rubio, Alejandro; Portillo Sanchez, Eva; Rodriguez Llorente, Diego; Sanchez Quiñones, Carlos A. A.; Sanchez Fernandez, Ignacio
Degradation Kinetics of Bisphenol A by Catalytic Wet Oxidation with Ruthenium-Impregnated Carbon Nanosphere Catalysts
(chemistry proceedings, 2022) Serra-Pérez, Estrella; Ovejero Escudero, Gabriel; García Rodríguez, Juan
Different countries in Europe have proposed some restrictions about bisphenol A (BPA), considered an endocrine disruptor, for the production of food packing and toys for children, for example, Denmark, France, Sweden, Belgium, Austria and Norway. However, it is still being found in wastewater effluents. In this study, BPA was degraded by catalytic wet air oxidation employing ruthenium-impregnated carbon nanosphere catalysts (CNS). The catalyst was synthesized with a mixture of resorcinol and formaldehyde and later, a pyrolysis treatment was impregnated by 1, 2, 5, 7 and 10% of ruthenium and activated with hydrogen at 350 °C. The experimental installation was a batch Hastelloy high-pressure reactor of 100 mL of volume with an electrical jacket and a variable-speed magnetic drive. The concentration of BPA was followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. After the study of different experiment variables (temperature (110–150 °C), pressure (20–50 bar), initial concentration of BPA (5–30 mg L−1) and catalyst mass (50–300 mg)) in a batch reactor of 100 mL of volume, two different potential models (r = k CaBPA and r = k CaBPA Pb Cc Ru) were used for simulating the kinetic behavior of BPA from the adjustment of the experimental data obtained for CWAO reactions. It also tested different loads of ruthenium (1–10%) in BPA degradation. Both adjustments had a correlation factor of 0.98 and reproduced all the experiments well, being better than those ones with 20 mg L−1 of initial concentration of BPA. BPA degradation was above 97% at 90 min of reaction time from 2% of Ru in the catalyst.
Project number: 78
Lab at home: prácticas de Ingeniería Química en tiempos de confinamiento
(2021) Larriba Martínez, Marcos; Ovejero Escudero, Gabriel; García Rodríguez, Juan; Delgado Dobladez, José Antonio; Águeda Maté, Vicente Ismael; Curto Maldonado, Andrés; Serra Pérez, Estrella; Hernández Abreu, Ana Belén; Uribe Santos, Dora Lucía; Pascual Muñoz, Gonzalo; Rodríguez Llorente, Diego; Cañada Barcala, Andrés; Sanz Santos, Eva; Huaccallo Aguilar, Ysabel; Ruiz de León Gómez, Carlos; Cañas Jiménez, Javier
En este proyecto de innovación docente se han desarrollado prácticas de laboratorio de dos asignaturas del Grado en Ingeniería Química, Ingeniería Térmica y Operaciones de Separación, para así garantizar la experimentalidad en situaciones de docencia no presencial empleando materiales cotidianos e instalaciones confeccionadas por impresión 3D, que podrán ser empleadas por los estudiantes en situación de confinamiento.
Efficient removal of antibiotic ciprofloxacin by catalytic wet air oxidation using sewage sludge-based catalysts: degradation mechanism by DFT studies
(Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2023) Gutiérrez Sánchez, Pablo; Álvarez Torrellas, Silvia; Larriba Martínez, Marcos; Gil, María Victoria; Garrido Zoido, Juan Manuel; García Rodríguez, Juan
In this work, the sewage sludge-derived activated carbon (SAC) loaded with iron nanoparticles (FeSAC) showed a highly effective catalytic activity in the degradation of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin by the CWAO reaction. The properties of FeSAC catalyst were studied by using N2 adsorption-desorption measurements at 77 K, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The CWAO reaction was evaluated at different temperatures (120–140 ºC), total pressure (10–30 bar) and catalyst doses (0.1–0.7 g/L) in a batch reactor. In this regard, temperature and catalyst dosage showed a significant impact on the removal of the tested antibiotic. By using a catalyst dose of 0.7 g/L, ciprofloxacin degradation and CO2 selectivity were higher than 99 % and 60 %, respectively, and were achieved within two hours at 140 °C and 20 bar. The loss of the active phase (Fe) of the catalyst in the reaction medium was measured, obtaining negligible values (less than 24 ppb). This catalyst showed high stability under the tested reaction conditions. In addition, a potential equation was proposed to correctly describe the evolution of ciprofloxacin degradation. The calculated activation energy of the CWAO process was 53.8 kJ/mol. Additionally, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed to illustrate the degradation mechanism of ciprofloxacin, where the electronic energies indicated the compounds that are most difficult to degrade by CWAO. Finally, a proof of concept using an environmentally-relevant matrix was carried out, verifying the technical feasibility of the synthesized catalyst for its application with more complex matrices, consecutive reaction cycles and at a low treatment cost
Insights of emerging contaminants removal in real water matrices by CWPO using a magnetic catalyst
(Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2021) Huacallo Aguilar, Ysabel; Álvarez Torrellas, Silvia; Gil, Maria Victoria; Larriba Martínez, Marcos; García Rodríguez, Juan
The study was focused on the application of catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) with a synthesized magnetic catalyst (Fe3O4/MWCNTs) for the treatment of real water matrices spiked with pharmaceutical compounds. CWPO was carried out by modifying the initial pH of surface water (SW), wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, brewery wastewater (BW) and hospital wastewater (HW), and the effect of the addition of the emerging pollutants naproxen (NAP) and diclofenac (DCF). From the experimental results, pH and concentration of NAP and DCF in CWPO were crucial factors in the successful pollutants removal from water matrices. The lab-prepared catalyst showed high removal rates of NAP and DCF from different water matrices spiked with the NAP-DCF mixture at pH 5.0. The highest average removal rate of TOC (75%), NAP (66%), DCF (76%), TN (39%) and aromaticity (68.39%) was obtained for SW matrix using 1.0 g L−1 of catalyst, pH ≈ 5.0, 5 mM of H2O2 and 60 °C. The mineralization decreased with the increase of the initial TOC concentration of the tested matrix. By CWPO tests of the real water matrices it was demonstrated that DCF removal was higher than NAP. From the recyclability tests, the catalyst demonstrated high activity and stability along three consecutive CWPO cycles of 8 h each one. The pseudo-second order model well-described the degradation of NAP and DCF. Finally, aromaticity and toxicity of the effluents were greatly reduced after CWPO treatment. This work demonstrated that CWPO with the magnetic catalyst is an efficient method to remove DCF-NAP mixtures from real aqueous matrices
Influence of transition metal-based activating agent on the properties and catalytic activity of sewage sludge-derived catalysts. Insights on mechanism, DFT calculation and degradation pathways
(Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2023) Gutiérrez Sánchez, Pablo; Álvarez Torrellas, Silvia; Larriba Martínez, Marcos; Gil, María Victoria; Garrido Zoido, Juan Manuel; García Rodríguez, Juan
Research studies combining the detailed physicochemical properties' analysis, the catalytic activity in different real aqueous matrices, the proposal of degradation mechanisms and the stability of the intermediates/by-products by means of the Density-functional theory (DFT) are scarce. Therefore, this work gives a step forward in the field of circular economy and the removal of emerging pollutants such as the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, covering all the previously aspects mentioned, using four iron and nickel-based catalysts from two different sewage sludge. Experimental results revealed a significant influence of both the source of the sewage sludge and the activating agent used (iron chloride, nickel chloride and a mixture of both) on the physicochemical properties of the materials and, hence, on their catalytic activity. FTIR studies and chemical composition evidenced that the use of this biomass precursor leads to the generation of a wide variety of functional groups and heteroatoms in the synthesized catalyst structure. Moreover, they showed a combination of Type I-IV isotherms with H3-H4 type hysteresis loops, being mainly mesoporous materials and exhibiting a moderate microporosity except when nickel chloride was used solely as activating agent. The carbonaceous materials reached ciprofloxacin adsorption capacities in the range of 40.4–73.9 mg/g. The use of nickel chloride showed the lowest adsorption contribution and catalytic activity. The bimetallic catalyst (synthesized from a mixture of iron and nickel chloride) showed slightly higher catalytic activity than that found for the iron catalyst, but the metal leaching was also considerably higher. Consequently, the use of iron chloride solely as activating agent seems to be the better alternative, achieving a maximum ciprofloxacin removal around 99.7 % and an iron leaching concentration into the reaction medium of 0.48–0.61 mg/L. The main degradation pathways of ciprofloxacin were proposed according to the detection of LC-MS intermediates and DFT calculation, indicating the most likely areas of attack of reactive species on atoms with a high Fukui index (f0)
Project number: 168
Estrategias de motivación en el aula: Aplicación del modelo TARGET en asignaturas del Grado y Máster en Ingeniería Química
(2020) Álvarez Torrellas, Silvia; Ovejero Escudero, Gabriel; García Rodríguez, Juan; Serra Pérez, Estrella; Hernández Abreu, Ana Belén; Huaccallo Aguilar, Ysabel; Ruiz de León Gómez, Carlos; Cañas Jiménez, Javier; Salas Aizpuru, Ángeles; Bravo Calvo, Sara; Arévalo Baeza, Marta
La titulación en Ingeniería Química ostenta una larga tradición en la Universidad Complutense, que se ha constituido como un referente a nivel nacional en la implantación de nuevos planes de estudio dentro de esta disciplina. En el año 1944 se implantaron por primera vez los estudios de Doctorado en Química Industrial, que incluían asignaturas de especialización en el área de Ingeniería Química. En 1960 se pone en marcha la especialidad de Química Industrial en los dos últimos cursos de la Licenciatura en Ciencias Químicas, cuyo plan de estudios se modificó posteriormente en el año 1970. Finalmente, en 1992 comenzó a impartirse el título de Ingeniero Químico, que se ha mantenido hasta la reciente implantación del Grado en Ingeniería Química, conforme a las directrices del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). Asimismo, los estudios de Posgrado a nivel de Máster se comenzaron a impartir en el año 2006, obteniendo el Programa Oficial de Posgrado en ese mismo año la Mención de Calidad. Actualmente muchos profesores universitarios hemos detectado en el aula una elevada falta de motivación e interés por parte del alumnado, independientemente de la materia o titulación de la que se trate. En muchas ocasiones, nos vemos en la obligación de hablarles en el aula de forma repetitiva e incansable acerca de la importancia del compromiso y la responsabilidad de, por ejemplo, entregar un trabajo en tiempo y forma y sobre la responsabilidad y seriedad que deben ejercer a la hora de ser parte de un grupo de trabajo. Por tanto, en este sentido, la motivación en el aula universitaria se erige como una necesidad pedagógica. Mediante las estrategias propuestas en este proyecto (siguiendo el modelo TARGET), se pretende motivar al alumno, orientándolo en la dirección correcta en el desarrollo de diversas actividades, pero haciéndolo partícipe y responsable de sus propios resultados y metas, haciendo especial hincapié en el reconocimiento del esfuerzo personal. Así, la utilización de recursos digitales y material multimedia, así como el desarrollo de actividades que promueven la participación del alumno (metodologías activas para el aprendizaje) cobra especial relevancia en los estudios de Máster, dado el carácter autónomo que se pretende imprimir a este alumnado, además de la frecuente simultaneidad que se ejerce de los estudios con la actividad profesional. El desarrollo de actividades que promuevan la participación y, como consecuencia, fortalezcan la entidad y autonomía del estudiante en su aprendizaje es el leitmotiv de este Proyecto de Innovación Educativa. Se trata de seguir los pasos necesarios para optimizar el vínculo entre la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, consiguiendo un aprendizaje eficaz. Mediante la aplicación del modelo TARGET se va a incentivar el reconocimiento del alumno -no basado exclusivamente en el resultado final-, lo que favorece la generación de autoestima, la autorrealización del alumno y, por tanto, la motivación. Se prevé, además, que esto redundará en otro beneficio de suma importancia, la reducción en la tasa de abandono durante los primeros cursos, consecuencia directa de la falta de motivación por parte del estudiante y de la necesidad de tener una valoración estable y sensación de pertenencia que no encuentra en el aula. Se ha publicado recientemente que España se consolida como el país de la Unión Europea con mayor tasa de abandono de los estudios (17,9%) entre los jóvenes de 18 a 24 años. La situación es de tal gravedad que muchos de ellos no tienen ni estudios superiores a la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). Asimismo, según un estudio publicado por el informe U-Ranking de la Fundación BBVA, 1 de cada 3 alumnos abandona el sistema universitario sin haber terminado la carrera que inició. En este sentido, los analistas educativos, como Francesca Borgonovi, analista de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) refrendan que para mejorar esta circunstancia se deben “potenciar las fortalezas de carácter: autoconfianza, la asertividad, la capacidad de esfuerzo, los altos niveles de motivación interna para el logro del éxito y la ambición de sus aspiraciones de futuro”.
Phosphorus Recovery from Sewage Sludge as Struvite
(Water, 2023) Javier Cañas; Álvarez Torrellas, Silvia; Blanca Hermana; García Rodríguez, Juan
Environmental legislation on waste management coupled with the potential for nutrient recovery are key factors encouraging the use of advanced treatment technologies to manage biosolids waste. In this context, phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge treated by a wet oxidation (WO) process was carried out in this work. High organic matter (up to 85% in COD) and total solids content (up to 75%) removal values were achieved by the WO process at elevated temperature (up to 300 °C) and pressure (up to 200 bar) conditions. The liquid and solid fractions found in the oxidation process effluent contain high amounts of phosphorus that can be recovered. This research aims to maximize its recovery in both liquid and solid fractions. In the liquid effluent, phosphorus was recovered (up to 90 mg P/L) by chemical precipitation as struvite (MgNH4PO4∙6 H2O), a slow-release fertilizer. In this case, P recoveries greater than 95% were achieved. Additionally, the solid fraction, analyzed after filtration and drying (68 mg P/gsolid), was treated by acid leaching, obtaining up to 60% phosphorus recovery. All phosphorus extracted was in orthophosphate form.
Extraction of pharmaceuticals from hospital wastewater with eutectic solvents and terpenoids: computational, experimental, and simulation studies
(Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022) Rodríguez Llorente, Diego; Hernández, Elisa; Gutiérrez Sánchez, Pablo; Navarro, Pablo; Águeda Maté, V. Ismael; Álvarez Torrellas, Silvia; García Rodríguez, Juan; Larriba Martínez, Marcos
The presence of pharmaceuticals in wastewater, mainly in hospital wastewater, is a serious environmental concern, as they are not removed by conventional processes in wastewater treatment plants and are discharged into the natural environment. This work proposes extracting drugs from hospital wastewater using natural, renewable, and non-toxic solvents such as terpenes and eutectic solvents. First, molecular simulation has been used with the COSMO-RS method performing a massive screening of 43 terpenes, 11 eutectic solvents, and 5 conventional solvents with 31 common pharmaceuticals. The most promising solvents in the screening have been chosen to extract 11 pharmaceuticals simultaneously. Experimental tests with ultrapure water and real hospital wastewater matrices showed a strong influence of pH and matrix on extraction. Under the optimal conditions, global pharmaceutical extraction yields with carvacrol of 94.16 % and the eutectic solvent thymol+dodecanoic acid of 96.86 % were obtained. The regeneration and reuse of both solvents were studied in 5 consecutive stages, showing the carvacrol's high stability and regenerability. Using carvacrol, countercurrent extraction tests showed a fast mass transfer of pharmaceuticals and high extraction yields using low solvent-to-feed (S/F) ratios. The predictions obtained with COSMO-RS were similar to the experimental results, confirming the reliability of this method for selecting alternative solvents for the extraction of pharmaceuticals. Finally, the drug removal process was simulated in a countercurrent extraction. The complete removal of pharmaceuticals from hospital wastewater could be achieved using carvacrol with an S/F of 2.00 at pH 4.00 in an extractor with six equilibrium stages.
Novel approach for azole fungicides extraction from aqueous environments using terpenes and eutectic solvents
(Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2023) Rodríguez Llorente, Diego; García Fernández de la Puente, Enrique; García Rodríguez, Juan; Larriba Martínez, Marcos
The presence of azole fungicides in aquatic environments is a significant issue due to their toxicity and persistence related to a low removal of these compounds by conventional processes in wastewater treatment plants. A growing environmental public concern is reflected in the inclusion of these compounds in the 2020 and 2022 European Surface Water Watch Lists. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient processes that allow their removal sustainably. This work applies liquid-liquid extraction using terpenes as green solvents and terpene-based eutectic solvents to remove azole fungicides from aqueous streams imazalil, metconozale, penconazole, prochloraz, and tebuconazole. First, an initial screening was performed by molecular simulation using the COSMO-RS method. The selected solvents were applied in the individual extraction of azole fungicides, and selecting the solvents thymol+octanoic acid and carvacrol. These solvents have been tested in studies with surface water matrix on the effect of temperature, initial concentration, and pH on extraction performance. From these results, it has been shown that carvacrol is the solvent that is least affected by these variables and obtains extraction yields higher than 97.88%, with a Solvent/Feed ratio up to 0.050, outperforming the conventional solvent methyl isobutyl ketone. This solvent has been used in solvent reuse cycles obtaining a reduction of less than 1% in three extraction cycles. Therefore, carvacrol is presented as a sustainable solvent for the extraction of azole fungicides from aqueous environments.