Person:
López Gómez, Ana

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First Name
Ana
Last Name
López Gómez
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/85493
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Medicina
Department
Biología Celular
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Author: Juárez Martín-Delgado, Ignacio ×

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    Role of mTOR inhibitor in the cellular and humoral immune response to a booster dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients
    (Frontiers in Immunology, 2023) Pérez Flores, Isabel María; Juárez Martín-Delgado, Ignacio; Aiffil Meneses, Arianne S.; López Gómez, Ana; Calvo Romero, Natividad; Rodríguez Cubillo, Beatriz; Moreno de la Higuera, María Ángeles; Peix Jiménez, Belén; González García, Raquel; Baos Muñoz, Elvira; Arribi Vilela, Ana; Gómez Del Moral Martín-Consuegra, Manuel María; Martínez Naves, Eduardo; Sánchez Fructuoso, Ana Isabel
    Background: Immunocompromised patients have an increased risk of developing severe COVID disease, as well as a tendency to suboptimal responses to vaccines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the specific cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses of a cohort of kidney transplant recipients (KTR) after 3 doses of mRNA-1273 vaccine and to determinate the main factors involved. Methods: Prospective observational study in 221 KTR (149 non infected), 55 healthy volunteers (HV) and 23 dialysis patients (DP). We evaluated anti-spike (by quantitative chemiluminescence immunoassay) and anti-nucleocapsid IgG (ELISA), percentage of TCD4+ and TCD8+ lymphocytes producing IFNγ against S-protein by intracellular flow cytometry after Spike-specific 15-mer peptide stimulation and serum neutralizing activity (competitive ELISA) at baseline and after vaccination. Results: Among COVID-19 naïve KTR, 54.2% developed cellular and humoral response after the third dose (vs 100% in DP and 91.7% in HV), 18% only showed cell-mediated response, 22.2% exclusively antibody response and 5.6% none. A correlation of neutralizing activity with both the IgG titer (r=0.485, p<0.001) and the percentage of S-protein-specific IFNγ-producing CD8-T cells (r=0.198, p=0.049) was observed. Factors related to the humoral response in naïve KTR were: lymphocytes count pre-vaccination >1000/mm3 [4.68 (1.72-12.73, p=0.003], eGFR>30 mL/min [7.34(2.72-19.84), p<0.001], mTOR inhibitors [6.40 (1.37-29.86), p=0.018]. Infected KTR developed a stronger serologic response than naïve patients (96.8 vs 75.2%, p<0.001). Conclusions: KTR presented poor cellular and humoral immune responses following vaccination with mRNA-1273. The immunosuppression degree and kidney function of these patients play an important role, but the only modifiable factor with a high impact on humoral immunogenicity after a booster dose was an immunosuppressive therapy including a mTOR inhibitor. Clinical trials are required to confirm these results.
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    Approaches to evaluate the specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2
    (Vaccine, 2023) López Gómez, Ana; Peláez Prestel, Héctor Fernando; Juárez Martín-Delgado, Ignacio
    The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has a huge impact on public health and global economy, meaning an enormous scientific, political, and social challenge. Studying how infection or vaccination triggers both cellular and humoral responses is essential to know the grade and length of protection generated in the population. Nowadays, scientists and authorities around the world are increasingly concerned about the arrival of new variants, which have a greater spread, due to the high mutation rate of this virus. The aim of this review is to summarize the different techniques available for the study of the immune responses after exposure or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, showing their advantages and limitations, and proposing suitable combinations of different techniques to achieve extensive information in these studies. We wish that the information provided here will helps other scientists in their studies of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination with new vaccine candidates or infection with upcoming variants.