Person: Iruarrizaga Díez, María Icíar
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First Name
María Icíar
Last Name
Iruarrizaga Díez
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Trabajo Social
Department
Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia
Area
Psicología Básica
Identifiers
10 results
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Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
Item Latent classes of eating disorders and addictions by sex: implication of alexithymia and stressful life events in youths(Frontiers in Psychology, 2023) Macía, Laura; Momeñe López, Janire; Macía, Patricia; Herrero Lázaro, Marta; Jauregui Bilbao, Paula; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Iruarrizaga Díez, María Icíar; Trott, MikeIntroduction: Eating disorders (EDs) and behavioural addictions show common psychological vulnerability factors such as alexithymia and stressful life events (SLE). This study aims, firstly, to explore the prevalence and latent profiles of participants based on their risk of suffering EDs, gambling disorder (GD), alcohol and/or drug abuse, and compulsive buying (CB) by sex. Secondly, it aimed to test whether alexithymia and having experienced SLE are associated with group membership. Methods: The sample was predominantly drawn from university students and social networks. It was composed of 352 young adults between 18 and 35 years old, of whom 77.8% were women and 22.2% men. Results: The results showed that the most prevalent disorders of the sample were alcohol, EDs, CB, drugs and GD, respectively. Moreover, latent class analyses were conducted based on the risk of suffering EDs or addictions by sex. Three main profiles were found: ‘Men with addictions’, ‘Healthy women’ and ‘Women with EDs’. Finally, differences in SLE and alexithymia levels were tested by latent classes. “Men with addictions” and “Women with EDs” had higher scores on alexithymia and SLE than the group of “Healthy women”. However, the group of “Women with EDs” (class 3) reported significantly higher levels of SLE and alexithymia than the other two groups. Discussion and conclusion: In conclusion, we discuss the possibility that some vulnerability factors operate generally and transdiagnostically in EDs and addictive disorders. The identification of clinical phenotypes could complement and deepen prediction, prevention and treatment research in clinical settings. The need to take sex and gender differences into account is reinforced.Item Buying-shopping disorder, impulsivity, emotional dependence and attachment in adolescents(Current Psychology, 2023) Etxaburu Azpeitia, Nerea; Momeñe López, Janire; Herrero Lázaro, Marta; Chávez Vera, María Dolores; Olave Porrúa, Leticia María; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Iruarrizaga Díez, María IcíarIn recent years, several studies have shown that the incidence of buying-shopping disorder (BSD) is increasing. Impulsivity is one of the factors involved in its aetiology and is related to emotional dependence. In addition, early affective deprivation may trigger emotional dependence. The aims of the present study weresal: to compare the types of attachment, levels of emotional dependence, impulsivity and BSD according to sex; to determine whether the proposed relational model is fulfilled; and analyse possible differences in this model in terms of the sample’s sex. The sample consisted of 1498 adolescents (53.8% men and 46.2% women) from Ecuador whose age ranged from 14 to 18 years (M = 15.77, SD = 1.21). The results showed that a preoccupied attachment style is indirectly related to a higher risk of BSD due to emotional dependence when impulsivity levels are medium or high because emotional dependence is moderated by impulsivity. The study variables are related in the same way in men and women but boys show higher levels of preoccupied attachment, impulsivity, emotional dependence and BSD. This study gives us a clearer picture of how these variables are related and provides information that could be of great use in assisting people with BSD. This knowledge could be applied to improve both the treatment and prevention of this problem.Item Sex-comparative study of gambling disorder regarding alexithymia and symptoms of depression, anxiety and hostility(Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2023) Macía Guerrero, Laura; Jáuregui Bilbao, Paula; Herrero Lázaro, Marta; Micó Valero, Virtu; Lamas Alonso, Juan José; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Iruarrizaga Díez, María IcíarBackground and aims Alexithymia and psychological symptomatology have been closely associated with gambling disorder (GD). However, sex differences remain underexplored. This study aims, firstly, to explore the differences between groups (GD and no-GD) and sexes (women vs. men) in alexithymia and psychological symptomatology (depression, anxiety and hostility). Secondly, the relationship between alexithymia and psychological symptomatology was analysed by gambling and sex groups. Thirdly, it examines the moderation role of sex and gambling in the relationship between alexithymia and each psychological symptom. Method The sample was composed of 80 people with GD diagnosis and 80 without GD (40 women and 40 men in each group). Results The results showed that alexithymia is positively related to depression, anxiety and hostility, with significantly higher scores in people with GD. Moderation analyses showed a threefold interaction, in which higher alexithymia was related to higher depression for men with GD but not for GD-women. However, in women with GD, depression levels are higher than in people without GD and tend to be more stable over time, despite the lack of effect of alexithymia. Conclusions These results provide evidence indicating that dysfunctional psychological symptomatology affects people with GD to a greater extent than people without GD, but also that the aetiology and effect of underlying vulnerability factors on gambling is different according to sex. The need of prevention and treatment programmes that consider different psychological aspects depending on sex is reinforced.Item Substance abuse and its relationship to emotional dependence, attachment and emotional regulation in adolescents(Annals of Psychology/Anales de Psicología, 2021) Momeñe López, Janire; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Pérez García, Ana María; Jiménez, Javier; Chávez Vera, María Dolores; Olave Porrúa, Leticia María; Iruarrizaga Díez, María IcíarSubstance use among adolescents is a serious social problem that may be related to emotional dependence, attachment styles and difficulties in emotional regulation. Thus, the objectives of this study were to analyse the relationship and predictive role of emotional dependence, attachment and emotional regulation on substance use in the last month. In addition, gender and age differences were analysed in all variables of the study. The mediating role of emotional regulation and attachment styles in the relationship between emotional dependence and substance use was also verified. The sample used was made up of 1.533 schooled adolescents, 826 men and 707 women with ages ranging from 13 to 22 years (M = 15.76, SD = 1.25). The results showed a positive relationship between substance use and emotional dependence. Similarly, substance users showed positive relationships with the difficulties of emotional regulation, as well as, with the attachment styles of parental permissiveness, self-sufficiency and resentment against parents and child trauma, and negative relationships with secure attachment, family concern, parental interference and value to parental authority.Item Emotional regulation and body dissatisfaction: the mediating role of anger in young adult women(Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2023) Momeñe López, Janire; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Herrero Lázaro, Marta; Griffiths, Mark D.; Olave Porrúa, Leticia María; Iruarrizaga Díez, María Icíar; Granero, RoserIntroduction: Emotion regulation difficulties have an important role in the presence of negative self-image. These problems in the self-regulation of emotion could lead to negative emotional processes (such as anger) that can lead to body dissatisfaction. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine emotion regulation difficulties than can negatively impact self-image and to understand if anger acts as mediator in the relationship between emotion regulation and body dissatisfaction. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out comprising 565 young adult women aged 18–30 years. The participants were administered the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2 (STAXI-2), and the Body Dissatisfaction dimension of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2). The proposed hypotheses were tested by path analysis in MPlus 8.0. Results: The results indicated that anger had a positive significant effect on body dissatisfaction as well as the non-acceptance of emotional responses, the lack of emotional awareness, and the lack of emotional clarity. Of all the dimensions of emotional regulation difficulties, impulse control difficulty was the dimension which had a positive significant indirect effect on body dissatisfaction explained by increased anger. Discussion: The present study suggests the importance of emotion regulation in the prevention of body dissatisfaction. Impulse control difficulty may be the key emotion regulation emotion in explaining the increments of anger that lead to body dissatisfaction. Among young adults, the promotion of positive body image can be promoted by helping this population to self-regulate their anger impulses.Item Childhood trauma and body dissatisfaction among young adult women: the mediating role of self-criticism(Current Psychology, 2022) Momeñe López, Janire; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Griffiths, Mark D.; Maciá Guerrero, Patricia; Herrero Lázaro, Marta; Olave Porrúa, Leticia María; Iruarrizaga Díez, María IcíarThe present study examined the relationship between childhood trauma and body dissatisfaction among young women. The mechanisms through which childhood trauma are related to body dissatisfaction have not been sufficiently examined previously. The aims of the present study were to analyze the (i) relationships between childhood trauma, self-criticism, and body dissatisfaction and (ii) mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between childhood trauma and body dissatisfaction. A total of 754 young adult women aged 18 to 30 years participated (M = 20.49 years; SD = 2.28). The findings showed positive correlations between childhood trauma, self-criticism, and body dissatisfaction. The mediation model indicated that (i) greater childhood trauma was associated with greater self-criticism, and (ii) greater self-criticism was significantly associated with greater body dissatisfaction. Therefore, childhood trauma was indirectly associated with increased body dissatisfaction and explained by the positive relationship with increased self-criticism. These results highlight the importance of childhood trauma in body dissatisfaction among young adult women and demonstrates self-criticism coping style as a key factor in this relationship. Early detection of self-criticism-based coping styles and childhood trauma could improve (i) quality of life and prevent the onset of body dissatisfaction, and (ii) treatment planning and prevent body dissatisfaction from escalating into major problems (e.g., eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, morbid exercise and/or depressive symptomatology).Item 7th International Conference on Behavioral Addictions (ICBA 2022) June 20–22, 2022, Nottingham, United Kingdom(2022) Etxaburu Azpeitia, Nerea; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Momeñe López, Janire; Olave Porrúa, Leticia María; Chávez Vera, María Dolores; Iruarrizaga Díez, María Icíar; Zsolt DemetrovicsCompulsive buying, despite not being included in the DSM-5 and ICD-11 manuals as a type of non-substance addiction, is considered a behavioural addiction by several experts. This problem has been linked to impulsivity, which is related to emotional dependence and attachment styles. Differences in the prevalence of compulsive buying between men and women have generated much interest, but findings do not always point in the same direction. Aims: this study aims to analyse the differences in attachment, emotional dependence, impulsivity and compulsive buying between men and women; to analyse the model by which all these variables are related; and to test whether or not this model is different for men and women. Method: a non-clinical sample of 1,500 adolescents, half male and half female, living in South America was collected. After informed consent was given to the parents and/or legal guardians of the adolescents, the participants filled in the questionnaires in paper format. Results: the model initially proposed was confirmed. Despite finding differences between males and females in terms of levels of emotional dependence, impulsivity, compulsive buying and attachment, the way these variables interact does not change depending on gender. Conclusions: these results are very useful to implement better treatments aimed at mitigating or coping with compulsive buying, as well as to prevent this problem.Item Coping styles, dysfunctional schemes and psychopathological symptoms related to emotional dependence on the aggressor partner(Behavioral Psychology / Psicología Conductual, 2021) Momeñe López, Janire; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Pérez García, Ana María; Olave Porrúa, Leticia María; Iruarrizaga Díez, María IcíarCoping styles, dysfunctional schemes and psychopathological symptoms could be factors of vulnerability that increase the probability that a person develops emotional dependence on an aggressive partner. Delimiting the risk factors is fundamental for its prevention and treatment. Consequently, the main objectives of the present study were to analyze the relationship between the above-mentioned factors, as well as the mediating role of the first three in the relationship between emotional dependence and received violence. The sample was made up of 657 women from the clinical and general population, with ages ranging from 18 to 66 years of age (M= 23.38, SD= 8.24). The results reflected the predominance of inadequate coping styles, such as desiderative thinking, social isolation and self-critical, psychopathological symptoms of depression, anxiety, interpersonal sensibility, obsession-compulsion and paranoid ideation, as well as abandonment and subjugation schemes. These factors also explained part of the relationship between emotional dependence and staying in violent relationships.Item La dependencia emocional hacia la pareja agresora y su relación con los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria(Psicología Conductual/Behavioral Psychology, 2020) Momeñe López, Janire; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Pérez García, Ana María; Olave Porrúa, Leticia María; Iruarrizaga Díez, María IcíarLos trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) son frecuentes en las familias con dificultades para fomentar la autonomía de sus miembros, pudiendo resultar un factor de riesgo a la hora de establecer relaciones de pareja dependientes. La dependencia emocional y la violencia de pareja se dan conjuntamente con elevada frecuencia. El objetivo del estudio fue examinar la relación y el papel predictivo de los TCA en la dependencia emocional, violencia recibida y dependencia emocional hacia la pareja agresora. Participaron 712 personas, 545 mujeres y 167 hombres, de entre 18 y 30 años (M= 21,32; DT= 2,94). Se encontró que las personas que puntuaban alto en TCA eran un grupo de riesgo en el desarrollo de la dependencia emocional, permanencia en relaciones violentas y desarrollo de ambas conjuntamente en una misma relación de pareja. En cuanto a las características asociadas con los TCA, la impulsividad se asoció con la violencia recibida y el miedo a la madurez, ineficacia, perfeccionismo, ascetismo e impulsividad se asociaron con la dependencia emocional en general y hacia la pareja agresora.Item Role of attachment and early maladaptive schemas in the impulsive behaviour of adolescents(Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 2021) Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Chávez Vera, María Dolores; Momeñe López, Janire; Olave Porrúa, Leticia María; Iruarrizaga Díez, María IcíarIntroducción/objetivo: Son escasos los estudios que abordan la relación entre el apego y la impulsividad en la adolescencia. Por ello, los objetivos del estudio han sido estudiar la relación entre el apego, las estructuras inadaptadas tempranas y la impulsividad, así como comprobar el papel predictivo de los dos primeros sobre la impulsividad. Por último, se estudia el papel mediador de los esquemas inadaptados tempranos en la relación entre el apego y la impulsividad. Métodos: La muestra es de 1533 adolescentes de Ecuador (826 hombres y 707 mujeres), con edades entre los 14 y 18 años (M = 15.76, DT = 1.25). Se emplearon los siguientes cuestionarios para medir las variables de estudio: CaMir-R, YSQ-S3, BIS 11. Resultados: Los resultados reflejan como la seguridad, el valor a la autoridad parental, la permisividad parental, la autosuficiencia y rencor contra los padres, el traumatismo infantil y el esquema negatividad/ pesimismo predicen la conducta impulsiva. Asimismo, se confirma el papel mediador de los esquemas inadaptados tempranos. Conclusiones: El conocimiento del papel que cumplen los esquemas inadaptados tempranos y los estilos de apego como factores de riesgo o vulnerabilidad implicados en el establecimiento de la conducta impulsiva resulta de gran utilidad de cara a implementar estrategias preventivas y un enfoque terapéutico adecuado.