Person: Iruarrizaga Díez, María Icíar
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First Name
María Icíar
Last Name
Iruarrizaga Díez
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Trabajo Social
Department
Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia
Area
Psicología Básica
Identifiers
16 results
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Now showing 1 - 10 of 16
Item Latent classes of eating disorders and addictions by sex: implication of alexithymia and stressful life events in youths(Frontiers in Psychology, 2023) Macía, Laura; Momeñe López, Janire; Macía, Patricia; Herrero Lázaro, Marta; Jauregui Bilbao, Paula; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Iruarrizaga Díez, María Icíar; Trott, MikeIntroduction: Eating disorders (EDs) and behavioural addictions show common psychological vulnerability factors such as alexithymia and stressful life events (SLE). This study aims, firstly, to explore the prevalence and latent profiles of participants based on their risk of suffering EDs, gambling disorder (GD), alcohol and/or drug abuse, and compulsive buying (CB) by sex. Secondly, it aimed to test whether alexithymia and having experienced SLE are associated with group membership. Methods: The sample was predominantly drawn from university students and social networks. It was composed of 352 young adults between 18 and 35 years old, of whom 77.8% were women and 22.2% men. Results: The results showed that the most prevalent disorders of the sample were alcohol, EDs, CB, drugs and GD, respectively. Moreover, latent class analyses were conducted based on the risk of suffering EDs or addictions by sex. Three main profiles were found: ‘Men with addictions’, ‘Healthy women’ and ‘Women with EDs’. Finally, differences in SLE and alexithymia levels were tested by latent classes. “Men with addictions” and “Women with EDs” had higher scores on alexithymia and SLE than the group of “Healthy women”. However, the group of “Women with EDs” (class 3) reported significantly higher levels of SLE and alexithymia than the other two groups. Discussion and conclusion: In conclusion, we discuss the possibility that some vulnerability factors operate generally and transdiagnostically in EDs and addictive disorders. The identification of clinical phenotypes could complement and deepen prediction, prevention and treatment research in clinical settings. The need to take sex and gender differences into account is reinforced.Item Buying-shopping disorder, impulsivity, emotional dependence and attachment in adolescents(Current Psychology, 2023) Etxaburu Azpeitia, Nerea; Momeñe López, Janire; Herrero Lázaro, Marta; Chávez Vera, María Dolores; Olave Porrúa, Leticia María; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Iruarrizaga Díez, María IcíarIn recent years, several studies have shown that the incidence of buying-shopping disorder (BSD) is increasing. Impulsivity is one of the factors involved in its aetiology and is related to emotional dependence. In addition, early affective deprivation may trigger emotional dependence. The aims of the present study weresal: to compare the types of attachment, levels of emotional dependence, impulsivity and BSD according to sex; to determine whether the proposed relational model is fulfilled; and analyse possible differences in this model in terms of the sample’s sex. The sample consisted of 1498 adolescents (53.8% men and 46.2% women) from Ecuador whose age ranged from 14 to 18 years (M = 15.77, SD = 1.21). The results showed that a preoccupied attachment style is indirectly related to a higher risk of BSD due to emotional dependence when impulsivity levels are medium or high because emotional dependence is moderated by impulsivity. The study variables are related in the same way in men and women but boys show higher levels of preoccupied attachment, impulsivity, emotional dependence and BSD. This study gives us a clearer picture of how these variables are related and provides information that could be of great use in assisting people with BSD. This knowledge could be applied to improve both the treatment and prevention of this problem.Item Sex-comparative study of gambling disorder regarding alexithymia and symptoms of depression, anxiety and hostility(Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2023) Macía Guerrero, Laura; Jáuregui Bilbao, Paula; Herrero Lázaro, Marta; Micó Valero, Virtu; Lamas Alonso, Juan José; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Iruarrizaga Díez, María IcíarBackground and aims Alexithymia and psychological symptomatology have been closely associated with gambling disorder (GD). However, sex differences remain underexplored. This study aims, firstly, to explore the differences between groups (GD and no-GD) and sexes (women vs. men) in alexithymia and psychological symptomatology (depression, anxiety and hostility). Secondly, the relationship between alexithymia and psychological symptomatology was analysed by gambling and sex groups. Thirdly, it examines the moderation role of sex and gambling in the relationship between alexithymia and each psychological symptom. Method The sample was composed of 80 people with GD diagnosis and 80 without GD (40 women and 40 men in each group). Results The results showed that alexithymia is positively related to depression, anxiety and hostility, with significantly higher scores in people with GD. Moderation analyses showed a threefold interaction, in which higher alexithymia was related to higher depression for men with GD but not for GD-women. However, in women with GD, depression levels are higher than in people without GD and tend to be more stable over time, despite the lack of effect of alexithymia. Conclusions These results provide evidence indicating that dysfunctional psychological symptomatology affects people with GD to a greater extent than people without GD, but also that the aetiology and effect of underlying vulnerability factors on gambling is different according to sex. The need of prevention and treatment programmes that consider different psychological aspects depending on sex is reinforced.Item Substance abuse and its relationship to emotional dependence, attachment and emotional regulation in adolescents(Annals of Psychology/Anales de Psicología, 2021) Momeñe López, Janire; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Pérez García, Ana María; Jiménez, Javier; Chávez Vera, María Dolores; Olave Porrúa, Leticia María; Iruarrizaga Díez, María IcíarSubstance use among adolescents is a serious social problem that may be related to emotional dependence, attachment styles and difficulties in emotional regulation. Thus, the objectives of this study were to analyse the relationship and predictive role of emotional dependence, attachment and emotional regulation on substance use in the last month. In addition, gender and age differences were analysed in all variables of the study. The mediating role of emotional regulation and attachment styles in the relationship between emotional dependence and substance use was also verified. The sample used was made up of 1.533 schooled adolescents, 826 men and 707 women with ages ranging from 13 to 22 years (M = 15.76, SD = 1.25). The results showed a positive relationship between substance use and emotional dependence. Similarly, substance users showed positive relationships with the difficulties of emotional regulation, as well as, with the attachment styles of parental permissiveness, self-sufficiency and resentment against parents and child trauma, and negative relationships with secure attachment, family concern, parental interference and value to parental authority.Item Emotional regulation and body dissatisfaction: the mediating role of anger in young adult women(Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2023) Momeñe López, Janire; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Herrero Lázaro, Marta; Griffiths, Mark D.; Olave Porrúa, Leticia María; Iruarrizaga Díez, María Icíar; Granero, RoserIntroduction: Emotion regulation difficulties have an important role in the presence of negative self-image. These problems in the self-regulation of emotion could lead to negative emotional processes (such as anger) that can lead to body dissatisfaction. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine emotion regulation difficulties than can negatively impact self-image and to understand if anger acts as mediator in the relationship between emotion regulation and body dissatisfaction. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out comprising 565 young adult women aged 18–30 years. The participants were administered the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2 (STAXI-2), and the Body Dissatisfaction dimension of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2). The proposed hypotheses were tested by path analysis in MPlus 8.0. Results: The results indicated that anger had a positive significant effect on body dissatisfaction as well as the non-acceptance of emotional responses, the lack of emotional awareness, and the lack of emotional clarity. Of all the dimensions of emotional regulation difficulties, impulse control difficulty was the dimension which had a positive significant indirect effect on body dissatisfaction explained by increased anger. Discussion: The present study suggests the importance of emotion regulation in the prevention of body dissatisfaction. Impulse control difficulty may be the key emotion regulation emotion in explaining the increments of anger that lead to body dissatisfaction. Among young adults, the promotion of positive body image can be promoted by helping this population to self-regulate their anger impulses.Item Childhood trauma and body dissatisfaction among young adult women: the mediating role of self-criticism(Current Psychology, 2022) Momeñe López, Janire; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Griffiths, Mark D.; Maciá Guerrero, Patricia; Herrero Lázaro, Marta; Olave Porrúa, Leticia María; Iruarrizaga Díez, María IcíarThe present study examined the relationship between childhood trauma and body dissatisfaction among young women. The mechanisms through which childhood trauma are related to body dissatisfaction have not been sufficiently examined previously. The aims of the present study were to analyze the (i) relationships between childhood trauma, self-criticism, and body dissatisfaction and (ii) mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between childhood trauma and body dissatisfaction. A total of 754 young adult women aged 18 to 30 years participated (M = 20.49 years; SD = 2.28). The findings showed positive correlations between childhood trauma, self-criticism, and body dissatisfaction. The mediation model indicated that (i) greater childhood trauma was associated with greater self-criticism, and (ii) greater self-criticism was significantly associated with greater body dissatisfaction. Therefore, childhood trauma was indirectly associated with increased body dissatisfaction and explained by the positive relationship with increased self-criticism. These results highlight the importance of childhood trauma in body dissatisfaction among young adult women and demonstrates self-criticism coping style as a key factor in this relationship. Early detection of self-criticism-based coping styles and childhood trauma could improve (i) quality of life and prevent the onset of body dissatisfaction, and (ii) treatment planning and prevent body dissatisfaction from escalating into major problems (e.g., eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, morbid exercise and/or depressive symptomatology).Item 7th International Conference on Behavioral Addictions (ICBA 2022) June 20–22, 2022, Nottingham, United Kingdom(2022) Etxaburu Azpeitia, Nerea; Estévez Gutiérrez, Ana; Momeñe López, Janire; Olave Porrúa, Leticia María; Chávez Vera, María Dolores; Iruarrizaga Díez, María Icíar; Zsolt DemetrovicsCompulsive buying, despite not being included in the DSM-5 and ICD-11 manuals as a type of non-substance addiction, is considered a behavioural addiction by several experts. This problem has been linked to impulsivity, which is related to emotional dependence and attachment styles. Differences in the prevalence of compulsive buying between men and women have generated much interest, but findings do not always point in the same direction. Aims: this study aims to analyse the differences in attachment, emotional dependence, impulsivity and compulsive buying between men and women; to analyse the model by which all these variables are related; and to test whether or not this model is different for men and women. Method: a non-clinical sample of 1,500 adolescents, half male and half female, living in South America was collected. After informed consent was given to the parents and/or legal guardians of the adolescents, the participants filled in the questionnaires in paper format. Results: the model initially proposed was confirmed. Despite finding differences between males and females in terms of levels of emotional dependence, impulsivity, compulsive buying and attachment, the way these variables interact does not change depending on gender. Conclusions: these results are very useful to implement better treatments aimed at mitigating or coping with compulsive buying, as well as to prevent this problem.Item Mediating Role of Intimate Partner Violence Between Emotional Dependence and Addictive Behaviours in Adolescents(Frontiers in Psychology, 2022) Macía, Patricia; Estevez, Ana; Olave Porrúa, Leticia María ; Chávez, Mᵃ Dolores; Momeñe, Janire; Iruarrizaga Díez, María IcíarObjectiveIntimate partner violence (IPV) has been related to emotional dependence and addictive disorders. This study aims to provide a global approach to analyse the relationship between these variables and to determine the factors underlying permanence in violent relationships.MethodsIt is a non-experimental, cross-sectional correlational design study. Participants had to have at least one dating relationship for at least 1 month to complete the questionnaire, which included the following instruments: emotional dependence scale (DEN), scale of violence in dating relationships (VREP) and impulse control disorders scale (MULTICAGE CAD 4).ResultsThe sample consisted of 1.533 adolescents, 53.9% were male (n = 826) and 46.1% female (n = 707), between 14 and 18 years. Emotional dependence correlated significantly with received violence (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). Compulsive spending is strongly associated with emotional dependence (r = 0.21, p < 0.001), whereas sex addiction is associated with received violence to a greater extent (r = 0.18, p < 0.001). Received violence mediates on emotional dependence and addictions.ConclusionIPV is a risk factor for the perpetuation of addictive behaviours. It is advisable to promote affective education for developing resilience and adequate coping.Item Longitudinal Changes in Gambling, Buying and Materialism in Adolescents: A Population-Based Study(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021) Estévez, Ana; Jauregui, Paula; Momeñe, Janire; Macia, Laura; López González, Hibai; Iruarrizaga Díez, María Icíar; Riquelme Ortiz, Conchi; Granero, Roser; Fernández Aranda, Fernando; Vintró Alcaraz, Cristina; Mestre Bach, Gemma; Munguía, Lucero; Solé Morata, Neus; Jiménez Murcia, SusanaGambling disorder, gambling-related cognitive biases, compulsive buying, and materialistic values lead to impaired functioning in important areas of life. The aims of the present longitudinal study are (1) to evaluate the change produced after one year in those mentioned variables and (2) to examine the gender role in these changes and to analyze the mediational mechanisms among the variables of the study. The sample was composed of 182 adolescents (103 females and 79 males) from secondary education Spanish institutions who completed self-administered questionnaires. Structural equation modeling has been used to explore associations between the different variables. Our results show significant decreases in compulsive buying, materialism, and cognitive biases related to gambling after one year. Gambling disorder severity was directly related to cognitive distortions of gambling and being a man. Compulsive buying was associated with older age and the female gender. Materialism was associated with compulsive buying and the male gender. In conclusion, gambling disorder, gambling-related cognitive biases, compulsive buying, and materialistic values change over time in different ways, according to gender. The understanding of gambling disorder and compulsive buying in adolescents could potentially lead to early prevention and treatment programs for the specific needs of gender and age.Item Eating Disorders and Intimate Partner Violence: The Influence of Fear of Loneliness and Social Withdrawal(Nutrients, 2022) Momeñe, Janire; Estévez, Ana; Griffiths, Mark D.; Macía, Patricia; Herrero, Marta; Olave Porrúa, Leticia María ; Iruarrizaga Díez, María IcíarEating disorders are vulnerability factors that increase the likelihood of intimate partner violence. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. Although eating disorders have been associated with increased perception and fear of loneliness, they have also been associated with increased social withdrawal resulting from decreased enjoyment of social situations and poorer social functioning. The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of fear of loneliness in the relationship between the behavioural characteristics of eating disorders and intimate partner violence, as well as to explore the moderating role of social withdrawal in the relationship between fear of loneliness and intimate partner violence. The sample comprised 683 participants (78% female and 22% male) with a mean age of 21.14 years (SD = 2.72). The psychometric scales used were Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI 2), Emotional Dependency Questionnaire (EDQ), Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) and the Violence Received, Exercised and Perceived in Youth and Adolescent Dating Relationships Scale (VREPS). The hypothesised model was tested by path analysis using maximum likelihood. The path analysis of the hypothesised model showed that inefficacy, fear of maturity, and impulsivity were the behavioural characteristics of eating disorders predominantly related to fear of loneliness. Fear of loneliness had no direct significant effect on any of the received violence variables. However, interaction effects indicated that there was a moderately significant effect of fear of loneliness on physical, psychological, and social violence received as a function of levels of social withdrawal. These findings show the need to take into account and work on fear of loneliness and social withdrawal among individuals with an eating disorder to decrease the likelihood of establishing violent intimate partner relationships. Improving interpersonal functioning and social support is key to recovery from eating disorders.