Person:
Martín Duque, José Francisco

First Name

José Francisco

Last Name

Martín Duque

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/75232

Affiliation

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Faculty / Institute

Ciencias Geológicas

Department

Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología

Area

Geodinámica Externa

Identifiers

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 11

Continuous monitoring of bedload discharge in a small, steep sandy channel
(Journal of hydrology, 2013) Lucía Vela, Ana; Recking, Alain; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Storz Peretz, Yael; Laronne, Jonathan
This paper reports on bedload flux and texture monitored in a natural, steep, sandy ephemeral channel draining a small gullied sandy watershed, the Barranca de los Pinos (1.32 ha), Spain. Bedload flux was continuously monitored with two independent Reid-type slot samplers; bedload texture was determined from the sediment collected in the samplers. Channel morphology was surveyed with a high spatial resolution with a Terrestrial Laser Scanner. The monitored instantaneous bedload fluxes are among the highest measured in natural rivers, characterized by high temporal and spatial variability related to the presence of bedforms, shallow bars and sand sheets, and to the reworking of the dry bed between and at the end of individual flow events. The grain size distribution of the bedload indicates equal mobility; but bedload texture fluctuates, depicting the transport of coarser bar surfaces and of finer-grained anabranch surfaces as well as of the overall bed subsurface.
Procesos geomorfológicos activos en cárcavas del borde del piedemonte norte de la Sierra de Guadarrama (Provincia de Segovia, España)
(Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Sección geológica, 2008) Lucía Vela, Ana; Vicente, Fuencisla; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Sanz Santos, Miguel Angel; Andrés, Carlos de; Bodoque del Pozo, José María
Dos localizaciones situadas cerca del borde del piedemonte norte de la Sierra de Guadarrama (provincia de Segovia) ofrecen formas erosivas en cárcavas bien desarrolladas: (a) un conjunto de barrancos encajados sobre arenas arcósicas del Mioceno, en un relieve de lomas y vaguadas del suroeste provincial; (b) cárcavas sobre arenas silíceas del Cretácico Superior, en un relieve de laderas de mesas y cuestas de la zona centro sur de la Provincia. En este trabajo se caracteriza la actividad geomorfológica de esos barrancos y cárcavas, y se inicia su cuantificación. El objetivo está encaminado a conocer qué procesos movilizan sedimentos, y a evaluar sus tasas de actuación, intensidad, frecuencia de ocurrencia y conectividad entre los mismos. Los procesos de erosión hídrica por salpicadura, arroyada laminar y concentrada en rills, junto con la actividad gravitacional observada, movilizan materiales desde las cabeceras de las cárcavas hasta los colectores, rellenándolos; éstos son evacuados mediante procesos de encajamiento en los canales efímeros, y sedimentados en pequeños conos aluviales. En los barrancos sobre arcosas, los eventos de precipitación poco intensos y de alta frecuencia tienden a rellenar los lechos arenosos, mientras que la fusión nival y las precipitaciones de alta intensidad y baja frecuencia vacían los canales, sedimentando en zonas apicales de los conos aluviales. En las cárcavas sobre arenas silíceas, los primeros datos obtenidos apuntan a unas tasas de erosión y producción de sedimentos muy elevadas, ya que sobre ellas se produce escorrentía y erosión hídrica de manera casi instantánea; por ello, los eventos de precipitación de baja intensidad son capaces de sedimentar en las zonas apicales de los conos, mientras que los eventos de alta intensidad originan lóbulos telescópicos sobre conos aluviales existentes en pedimentos. [ABSTRACT] Two areas located at the edge of the North piedmont of the Guadarrama Mountains (province of Segovia) show a conspicuous development of gullies. A series of valley side gullies, or ravines, cut on arkosic sand sediments of Miocene age at the Río Chico Valley (southwest of the Segovia province); and slope gullies, cut on silica sand, shale and gravel sediments of Upper Cretaceous age, on the slopes of a set of mesas and cuestas at the río Cega piedmont (Pedraza region, south centre of the Segovia province). This paper characterizes the geomorphic activity of both types of gullies. In addition, the quantification of their current activity is initiated. The objectives are: to know which processes are eroding and mobilizing the sediments within the gullies, and to evaluate their rates, intensity, frequency and connectivity. A detailed field survey shows that weathering processes (sandstone sheeting, and the formation of popcorn structures on shale layers), and splash, sheet and rill erosion, along with sand and mud falls, slides and flows move sediment from the gully slopes and internal divides to the dry washes. These materials are temporary stored in ephemeral stream channels (filled with sandy bed material), evacuated by stream-bed scour and fill processes, and deposited in alluvial cones. In order to get a first approximation of the amount of erosion and sediment movement, a set of field methods have been applied to these areas. These methods include: erosion pins, measurement of pedestals, system of rods and washers, pit traps (box and gabion check-dam types), and topographic surveys after extensive sedimentation on alluvial cones, along with the installation of pluviographs. The results show how on the arkosic valley side gullies, the precipitation events of low intensity and high frequency tend to fill the sandy stream-beds, whereas the snowmelt and the high intensity and low frequency precipitation events scour the sandy stream-beds. The sedimentation occurs here at the apex part of the alluvial cones, which rest directly on the nearby floodplain of the Chico River. On the silica sand slope gullies, the first gathered data point at very high rates of erosion and sedimentation (44.1 tons/ha for a single event), which is interpreted due to the fact that runoff and water erosion occurs here almost instantaneously after precipitation. Here, the precipitation events of low intensity and high frequency produce sedimentation at the apex part of the alluvial cones, whereas the high intensity and low frequency precipitation events sediment in the form of telescopic lobes, on existing alluvial cones, which rest on pediments.
Evolución geomorfológica en tiempos históricos recientes de cárcavas del borde del piedemonte norte del Guadarrama (Segovia, España). Estudio a partir de fuentes documentales
(Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Sección geológica, 2009) Vicente, Fuencisla; Sanz Santos, Miguel Angel; Lucía Vela, Ana; Martín Duque, José Francisco
Cerca del borde del piedemonte norte de la Sierra de Guadarrama (comarca de Pedraza, provincia de Segovia) existe un conjunto de formas erosivas en cárcavas bien definidas, desarrolladas sobre arenas silíceas del Cretácico Superior. En este trabajo se analiza la evolución geomorfológica en tiempos históricos recientes de esas cárcavas, realizada a través del análisis de diferentes fuentes documentales. Dicho trabajo ha revelado la escasez de datos y referencias históricas a estas formas del terreno. Los mejores resultados se han conseguido a partir de secuencias fotográficas de campo y de fotografías aéreas verticales de distintas fechas. La evolución geomorfológica experimentada por estas cárcavas a lo largo de los últimos sesenta años, establecida mediante el estudio comparativo de fotografías aéreas verticales de distintos años, ha puesto de manifiesto un retroceso de los bordes de las cárcavas, y por tanto un aumento de la superficie ocupada por sus cabeceras. En concreto, se han obtenido tasas máximas de retroceso de hasta 0,78 m/año. Ese retroceso ocurre sobre todo por procesos gravitacionales (caídas, deslizamientos y flujos), y en menor medida por erosión hídrica en surcos y regueros. Estos procesos coexisten con la colonización de la vegetación en el interior de las cárcavas, sobre todo arbórea y arbustiva. El aumento espontáneo de la cubierta vegetal que se ha registrado supera, en ocasiones, el 50% de su superficie; dicha colonización contribuye a la estabilidad geomorfológica de algunos sectores del interior de las cárcavas, al disminuir la actividad erosiva sobre sus paredes. Sobre el origen incierto de estas formas erosivas, se confirma, su relación con fenómenos inducidos por el hombre; sin embargo, no se ha podido constatar para todas ellas como causa única y común.
Dendrogeomorphology in badlands: Methods, case studies and prospects
(Catena, 2012) Ballesteros Cánovas, Juan Antonio; Bodoque del Pozo, José María; Lucía Vela, Ana; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Díez Herrero, Andrés; Ruiz Villanueva, Virginia; Rubiales Jiménez, Juan Manuel; Génova Fúster, Mª del Mar
Soil and vegetation are interacting factors controlling erosion. Soil degradation processes may affect the normal tree and shrub development and inversely, vegetation can modulate the velocity and intensity of soil development or denudation. A dendrogeomorphological approach can be used to study these interactions, allowing to obtain a date and estimate mean or specific erosion rates. This is especially useful in an unrecorded badlands and gullied environments,where the scarce vegetationmay be the only proxy available to quantify the different geomorphic processes which have occurred. This paper provides a fundamental review of the dendrogeomorphological methodology applied to erosion measurement in badlands. Focusing on the response of the vegetation to the geomorphic processes, this paper: (a) describes themethodology developed to estimate erosion rates with exposed roots; (b) shows newadvances through case studies; and finally, (c) discusses future lines of research to reduce methodological uncertainties and for making dendrogeomorphology more widely applicable.
Geodynamic processes on sandy slope gullies in central Spain field observations, methods and measurements in a singular system
(Geodinámica acta, 2011) Lucía Vela, Ana; Laronne, Jonathan; Martín Duque, José Francisco
Gullies developed on sandy lithologies are scarce and few studies have been reported on these landscapes. This paper presents an approach to study such singular landforms. The studied gullies appear on the slopes of a group of mesas and cuestas of Upper Cretaceous sediments located in the Northern piedmont of the Guadarrama Mountains, Spain. Landforms of these gullied areas were catalogued, characterized and quantified with reconnaissance methods, providing information about the most active geomorphic processes. These are being monitored in a 1.32 ha representative gullied catchment, the Barranca de los Pinos. In its high gradient slopes, where mass movements occur, high resolution topographical surveys are being carried out by Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). On low gradient slopes, runoff and rain splash are being monitored in micro plots; and in the main channel, sediment transport and water discharge are being measured. This ensemble of methods, some of them novel, is providing patterns of sediment movement within the gully system, and a hypothesis of high activity rates has been confirmed. High gradient sand slopes without carbonate caprock erode fourfold compared to the capped slopes. In the low gradient slopes, those ungullied produce more runoff while exposed sands yield more sediment; sands covered by litter produce the least runoff and sediment. Notably, this catchment yields mainly bedload.
Geomorphic dynamics of gullies developed in sandy slopes of Central Spain
(Landform analysis, 2011) Lucía Vela, Ana; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Benjamin Laronne, Jonhatan; Sanz Santos, Miguel Angel
Gullies developed on sandy lithologies are scarce. Such landforms have developed in the sandy deposits of the Cretaceous ‘Utrillas’ facies within the Segovia province of Central Spain. They appear at the slopes of a group of mesas and cuestas located at the edge of the northern piedmont of the Guadarrama Mountains of the Spanish Central System. The activity of the different geomorphic processes acting in these gullies, as well as their connectivity, are being characterized and quantified. This study was preceded by reconnaissance methods, whereas presently technologically advanced and more accurate techniques are being utilized. The new methods are applied in an experimental catchment (1.26 ha). They include: i) an automatic Reid-type (formerly termed Birkbeck) slot bedload sampler for continuous monitoring of bedload flux and for continuous sampling of bedload; siphons for sampling the suspended load; and a Parshall flume to monitor water discharge. Jointly, these instruments allow to study the fluvial dynamics at the catchment mouth; ii) topographic surveys undertaken by a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) to quantify the activity of gravitational, overland flow and fluvial processes in different sediment source areas within the gully basin; iii) micro runoff and erosion plots to monitor the infiltration and erosive response of different Hydrologic Response Units (HRU) comprising the interior of the catchment. This ensemble of novel methods has started providing patterns of sediment movement within the gully system.
Morpho-textural implications to bedload flux and texture in the sand-gravel ephemeral Poveda Gully
(Geomorphology, 2018) Zapico Alonso, Ignacio; Laronne, Jonathan; Lucía Vela, Ana; Martín Duque, José Francisco
We report on channel morpho-texture and bedload transport in a natural, steep, sand-gravel ephemeral channel draining the small Poveda Gully watershed in the mining area of the Alto Tajo Natural Park, Spain. First-ever continuous bedload flux and texture monitoring in a transitional sand-gravel environment was undertaken by two independent Reid-type slot samplers. Morphological changes in the feeder reach have been quantified by TLS (terrestrial laser scanning) and SfM (structure from motion) technologies. We identified a pattern in channel-bed morphology and texture (morpho-texture): when the channel is incised its texture is coarser, otherwise sand-filling occurs. These changes determine bedload flux and texture: sand fill brings rise to high fluxes and fine-grained bedload, whereas incision caused by evacuation of sand leaves a sandy-gravel surface with lower bedload fluxes and coarser texture. A video camera recording during events allowed identification of dramatic changes in bedload flux and texture owing to the appearance and erosion of bars, supplying field evidence to explain the difficulty in the prediction of bedload flux at short time intervals.
Impacto hidrogeomorfológico de las minas y escombreras de Peñalén (Guadalajara) sobre el Parque Natural del Alto Tajo
(Cuaternario y geomorfología, 2009) Martín Duque, José Francisco; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Nicolau Ibarra, José Manuel; Sanz Santos, Miguel Angel; Lucía Vela, Ana
El municipio de Peñalén (Guadalajara) alberga un conjunto de minas y escombreras degradadas, cuyo impacto ambiental sobre el inmediato Parque Natural del Alto Tajo es objeto de constante discusión. En este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo una primera aproximación al problema, tratando de caracterizar los condicionantes geomorfológicos del impacto hidrológico, de identificar las principales fuentes de sedimentos y de cuantificar los sedimentos que son emitidos desde estas zonas mineras y desde sus alrededores a la red fluvial. Esta aproximación ha puesto de manifiesto tres evidencias claras: (i) las zonas mineras de Peñalén se sitúan en localizaciones muy vulnerables a la erosión hídrica; (ii) los procesos erosivos y de emisión de sedimentos hacia el río Tajo son muy importantes desde esas zonas mineras y desde cárcavas naturales; (iii) existe una conexión hidrológica directa entre las fuentes de sedimentos de las zonas mineras degradadas de Peñalén y el río Tajo.
Restoring earth surface processes through landform design. A 13-year monitoring of a geomorphic reclamation model for quarries on slopes
(Earth surface processes and landforms, 2010) Martín Duque, José Francisco; Sanz Santos, Miguel Angel; Bodoque del Pozo, José María; Lucía Vela, Ana; Martín Moreno, Cristina
The application of geomorphic principles to land reclamation after surface mining has been reported in the literature since the mid-1990s, mostly from Australia, Canada and the USA. This paper discusses the reclamation problems of contour mining and quarries on slopes, where steep gradients are prone to both mass movement and water erosion. To address these problems simultaneously, a geomorphic model for reclaiming surface mined slopes is described. Called the ‘highwall–trench– concave slope’ model, it was fi rst applied in the 1995 reclamation of a quarry on a slope (La Revilla) in Central Spain. The geomorphic model does not reproduce the original topography, but has two very different sectors and objectives: (i) the highwall–trench sector allows the former quarry face to evolve naturally by erosion, accommodating fallen debris by means of a trench constructed at the toe of the highwall; (ii) the concave-slope base sector, mimicking the landforms of the surrounding undisturbed landscape, promotes soil formation and the establishment of self-sustaining, functional ecosystems in the area protected from sedimentation by the trench. The model improves upon simple topographic reconstruction, because it rebuilds the surfi cial geology architecture and facilitates re-establishment of equilibrium slopes through the management and control of geomorphic processes. Thirteen years of monitoring of the geomorphic and edaphic evolution of La Revilla reclaimed quarry confi rms that the area is functioning as intended: the highwall is backwasting and material is accumulating at the trench, permitting the recovery of soils and vegetation on the concave slope. However, the trench is fi lling faster than planned, which may lead to run-off and sedimentation on the concave slope once the trench is full. The lesson learned for other scenarios is that the model works well in a twodimensional scheme, but requires a three-dimensional drainage management, breaking the reclaimed area into several watersheds with stream channels.
Silica sand slope gllying and mining in Central Spain: erosion processes and geomorphic reclamation of contour mining
(WIT transactions on the built environment, 2008) Sanz Santos, Miguel Angel; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Lucía Vela, Ana; Nicolau Ibarra, José Manuel; Pedraza Gilsanz, Javier de; Sánchez Castillo, Lázaro; Ruiz López de la Cova, Rafael; García, A.
A Characterization and quantification of the geomorphic activity of three scenarios of silica sand slops of Central Spain (Segovia and Guadalajara province), is being carried out: (a) silica sand slope gullies; (b) Non reclaimed (abandoned) silica sand mines; (c) abandoned silica sand mines reclaimed with a geomorphic approach. On the silica sand slope gullies, gathered data point at very high rates of erosion and sedimentation, since runoff and hydric erosion occurs on them almost instantaneausly after precipitation. When no reclamation is made, silica sand mines evolve like 'natural' gullies, and they show higher tares of hydric erosion than them. The erosion of non-reclaimed silica sand mines produces severe on and off sile environmental impacts. When reclamations are made based on geomorphic approaches, runoff and soil erosion can be reduced to the minimum at the pediment areas, whereas the highwalls can maintain a geomorphic activity which integrates them into the landscape. The understanding of these scenarios is allowing improving new reclamation plans on silica sand and kaolin mines of Central Spain, concerning their topographical and watershed design, and layout of the reconstructed terrain (waste dumps, surficial deposits, and topsoil). The latter example shows a desirable framework of collaboration between mining companies, protected areas managers and universities