Person: Martín Duque, José Francisco
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First Name
José Francisco
Last Name
Martín Duque
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Ciencias Geológicas
Department
Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología
Area
Geodinámica Externa
Identifiers
16 results
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Now showing 1 - 10 of 16
Item Baseline to evaluate off-sitesuspended sediment-related mining effects in the Alto Tajo Natural Park, Spain(Land Degradation and Development, 2017) Zapico Alonso, Ignacio; Laronne, Jonathan; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Ortega, Ana; Sánchez Castillo,LázaroMining is a human activity with considerable environmental impact. To evaluate such impacts, international laws require undertaking local studies based on direct sampling to establish baseline conditions of parameters modified by human activities. Mining takes place near the Alto Tajo Natural Park, where a suspended sediment concentration (SSC) baseline is required to determine whether mining affects water quality. To this end, we have monitored the Tajo River and its tributary the Tajuelo following Before–After Control-Impact (BACI) techniques, recommended by Australian and New Zealand laws, requiring a specific method based on continuous monitoring and sampling to enable evaluation of SSCs. An SSC baseline has been defined at stations situated upstream of the mining area and compared with those downstream. The highest detected SSC upstream of the Tajuelo mines was 24 g l−1 whereas the highest simultaneous downstream value was 391 g l−1, more than one order of magnitude higher than the supposed baseline (24 g l−1). Additionally, this value is 1000 times more than the average concentration of 25 mg l−1, used by the European Union until 2015, to guarantee the quality of salmonid waters. Following a BACI approach, a statistically significant SSC impact has been identified. The mined areas are the only source that can explain this increase. This is the first instance that such an increase and baseline have been found using this method. BACI is a simple and reliable method recommended for studying degraded areas rather than an irrelevant, fixed standard as included in most international laws.Item Geomorphic landscape design integrated with progressive mine restoration in clay quarries of Catalonia(International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 2021) Martín Duque, José Francisco; Tejedor, M.; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Nicolau Ibarra, José Manuel; Sanz Santos, Miguel Ángel; Sánchez Donoso, Ramón; Gómez Díaz, José M.Geomorphic-based mine restoration of clay quarries in Tortosa (Catalonia) was co-funded by the European Union’s LIFE programme. The landform design was made with GeoFluv-Natural Regrade. Their building was performed with existing machinery pool and operators. The main constraint was the impossibility of setback regrading of pre-existing-benched highwalls. Progressive geomorphic mine restoration neither reduced mineral production nor changed the operations. The approach has resulted in higher landscape functionality and integration. Monitoring showed localised erosion due to poorly planned discharge of road runoff and sporadic tunnel erosion. Sediment movement at the designed drainage network is similar to the local fluvial dynamics.Item Procesos geomorfológicos activos en cárcavas del borde del piedemonte norte de la Sierra de Guadarrama (Provincia de Segovia, España)(Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Sección geológica, 2008) Lucía Vela, Ana; Vicente, Fuencisla; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Sanz Santos, Miguel Angel; Andrés, Carlos de; Bodoque del Pozo, José MaríaDos localizaciones situadas cerca del borde del piedemonte norte de la Sierra de Guadarrama (provincia de Segovia) ofrecen formas erosivas en cárcavas bien desarrolladas: (a) un conjunto de barrancos encajados sobre arenas arcósicas del Mioceno, en un relieve de lomas y vaguadas del suroeste provincial; (b) cárcavas sobre arenas silíceas del Cretácico Superior, en un relieve de laderas de mesas y cuestas de la zona centro sur de la Provincia. En este trabajo se caracteriza la actividad geomorfológica de esos barrancos y cárcavas, y se inicia su cuantificación. El objetivo está encaminado a conocer qué procesos movilizan sedimentos, y a evaluar sus tasas de actuación, intensidad, frecuencia de ocurrencia y conectividad entre los mismos. Los procesos de erosión hídrica por salpicadura, arroyada laminar y concentrada en rills, junto con la actividad gravitacional observada, movilizan materiales desde las cabeceras de las cárcavas hasta los colectores, rellenándolos; éstos son evacuados mediante procesos de encajamiento en los canales efímeros, y sedimentados en pequeños conos aluviales. En los barrancos sobre arcosas, los eventos de precipitación poco intensos y de alta frecuencia tienden a rellenar los lechos arenosos, mientras que la fusión nival y las precipitaciones de alta intensidad y baja frecuencia vacían los canales, sedimentando en zonas apicales de los conos aluviales. En las cárcavas sobre arenas silíceas, los primeros datos obtenidos apuntan a unas tasas de erosión y producción de sedimentos muy elevadas, ya que sobre ellas se produce escorrentía y erosión hídrica de manera casi instantánea; por ello, los eventos de precipitación de baja intensidad son capaces de sedimentar en las zonas apicales de los conos, mientras que los eventos de alta intensidad originan lóbulos telescópicos sobre conos aluviales existentes en pedimentos. [ABSTRACT] Two areas located at the edge of the North piedmont of the Guadarrama Mountains (province of Segovia) show a conspicuous development of gullies. A series of valley side gullies, or ravines, cut on arkosic sand sediments of Miocene age at the Río Chico Valley (southwest of the Segovia province); and slope gullies, cut on silica sand, shale and gravel sediments of Upper Cretaceous age, on the slopes of a set of mesas and cuestas at the río Cega piedmont (Pedraza region, south centre of the Segovia province). This paper characterizes the geomorphic activity of both types of gullies. In addition, the quantification of their current activity is initiated. The objectives are: to know which processes are eroding and mobilizing the sediments within the gullies, and to evaluate their rates, intensity, frequency and connectivity. A detailed field survey shows that weathering processes (sandstone sheeting, and the formation of popcorn structures on shale layers), and splash, sheet and rill erosion, along with sand and mud falls, slides and flows move sediment from the gully slopes and internal divides to the dry washes. These materials are temporary stored in ephemeral stream channels (filled with sandy bed material), evacuated by stream-bed scour and fill processes, and deposited in alluvial cones. In order to get a first approximation of the amount of erosion and sediment movement, a set of field methods have been applied to these areas. These methods include: erosion pins, measurement of pedestals, system of rods and washers, pit traps (box and gabion check-dam types), and topographic surveys after extensive sedimentation on alluvial cones, along with the installation of pluviographs. The results show how on the arkosic valley side gullies, the precipitation events of low intensity and high frequency tend to fill the sandy stream-beds, whereas the snowmelt and the high intensity and low frequency precipitation events scour the sandy stream-beds. The sedimentation occurs here at the apex part of the alluvial cones, which rest directly on the nearby floodplain of the Chico River. On the silica sand slope gullies, the first gathered data point at very high rates of erosion and sedimentation (44.1 tons/ha for a single event), which is interpreted due to the fact that runoff and water erosion occurs here almost instantaneously after precipitation. Here, the precipitation events of low intensity and high frequency produce sedimentation at the apex part of the alluvial cones, whereas the high intensity and low frequency precipitation events sediment in the form of telescopic lobes, on existing alluvial cones, which rest on pediments.Item The Ribagorda sand gully (east-central Spain): Sediment yield and human-induced origin(Geomorphology, 2014) Martín Moreno, Cristina; Fidalgo Hijano, C.; Martín Duque, José Francisco; González Martín, J.A.; Zapico Alonso, Ignacio; Laronne, JonathanGullies are developed under different climatic conditions and lithologies; however, those formed on sands have been scarcely described. This paper reports the study of the Ribagorda sand gully, 2.57 ha in area (east-central Spain). The main objectives were to characterize and quantify its geomorphic dynamics and to trace its origin. We described the landforms of the gully and measured the surface strength of the sand. We monitored, for six years, the filling of the storage areas of three check dams built downstream from the gully, and related it with rainfall characteristics. We also described the nature of the sediments trapped by the dams and estimated the amount of sediment eroded since the gully formation. Finally, we consulted historical records and maps to determine past land uses and transformations that may have affected the origin of the gully. The study shows a high diversity of landforms, denoting active processes, consistent with a measured mean annual sediment yield of 114 Mg ha−1 yr−1. A statistically significant relationship exists between the mass of sediment (Mg) and: 1) the total rainfall (mm) (P = 0.0007) or 2) the analysed rainfall intensities. Among five identified facies in the sedimentarywedge, the sandy ones are predominant. The total amount of sediment eroded by the Ribagorda gully since its originwas 962,800Mg. The results are unequivocal signs of an intense geomorphic activity within the gully, with an alluvial-fan type deposition in the dams.We interpret that the Ribagorda gully was initiated by deforestation after the 13th century, when forests began to be intensively logged, and before the 18th century,when the gullywas first indirectly described in print. The age, origin, evolution and dynamics of this gully indicate that this landscape is currently evolving towards a new steady state, after human disturbances over centuries. Given the gully evolution and local extent, we suggest that no correction measures are needed for its management.Item Erosión minera en la cuenca del arroyo Peñalén (Parque Natural del Alto Tajo, Guadalajara)(Comprendiendo el relieve: del pasado al futuro, 2016) Martín Moreno, Cristina; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Nicolau Ibarra, José Manuel; Muñoz Martín, AlfonsoItem Geomorphic rehabilitation in Europe: recognition as best available technology and its role in LIFE projects(2019) Martín Duque, José Francisco; Tejedor, M.; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Nicolau Ibarra, José Manuel; Zapico Alonso, Ignacio; Fourie, A. B.; Tibbett, M.Geomorphic rehabilitation ([GR], also known as geomorphic reclamation or geomorphic restoration) is a general term to describe alternative methods and procedures to conventional mine rehabilitation. The main aim of GR is to replicate ‘natural’ landforms for the new conditions after mining and to restore functionality and diversity of ecosystems at degraded sites. The correct application of the GR technique ensures visual integration with surrounding landscapes. Although GR is a broad term, referring to any geomorphic restoration of land, GR is often synonymous with fluvial GR, mostly following the GeoFluvTM-Natural Regrade method. This paper describes how and why the application of GR through GeoFluv-Natural Regrade in Spain since 2009 has attracted formal recognition by the European Commission (EC) of the European Union (EU) as one, among others, of a catalogue of best available techniques (BATs) for the management of waste from extractive industries, in accordance with the European Directive 2006/21/EC. GR has been recognised as BAT at the EU for multiple reasons, including mine site monitoring results that demonstrate increased physical stability with minimised erosion from stormwater and snowmelt runoff; natural hydrological function being established; the variability within the formed landform promotes ecological diversity for vegetation and wildlife communities; construction and short and long-term maintenance and repair costs are minimised; and visual impact of the mined landscape is reduced. This paper describes also the role of GeoFluv-Natural Regrade GR in the L’Instrument Financier pour l’Environnement (LIFE) program, which is the EU’s most important funding instrument addressing environment and climate action. A focus is provided on the LIFE TECMINE project, described in detail, since it is the most recent and complete GeoFluv-Natural Regrade example in Europe. The TECMINE project is a geomorphic-based ecological restoration project in the Valencia province, within the Iberian Mountain Range and where conventional mine rehabilitation practice, based on gradient terraces, shows general and widespread failure. The demonstration project is fostered by the Administration of the Valencia Region, which seeks to test innovative techniques (GR, micro-catchments, soil amendments and new protocols of revegetation) for mine rehabilitation, promote improved practices and disseminate the best practice output through their development and analysis. Testing GR is the main focus of the project. The application of GR at the TECMINE project included (a) finding ‘natural’ and ‘stable’ landforms and landscapes to be used as reference or analogues for replication in GR, although difficult, was possible due to ancestral land transformation; (b) the steep terrain, characteristic of the Iberian Range, challenged the formation of GR GeoFluv-Natural Regrade designs, but the project demonstrated that they can be implemented in that mountain setting; (b) the mining company reported similar cost estimations for this alternative GR rehabilitation (as-built) as that for a conventional restoration design (projected); (c) a holistic approach to GR, not dealing only with topography, allowed the identification and use of limestone colluvium as an adequate growth media for initiating soil development; this solution not used before for rehabilitation in this region provided a clear and advanced contribution from the project.Item Hacia una Minería Sostenible en el 95 entorno del Parque Natural del Alto Tajo. La escombrera experimental de la mina ‘El Machorro’(Poveda de la Sierra, Guadalajara)(Conferencia Internacional - Minería Sostenible. Santiago de Compostela. Cámara Oficial Mineira de Galicia, 2009, 2009) Hernando, Nestor; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Sánchez Castillo, Lázaro; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Sanz Santos, Miguel Angel; Nicolau Ibarra, José ManuelPor su situación en el entorno de un espacio natural protegido, y sobre una ladera de pendiente y longitud elevadas, la restauración de la mina El Machorro constituye un importante reto científico y profesional. La empresa propietaria de esta mina, CAOBAR S.A., tiene entre sus objetivos demostrar la compatibilidad de la actividad minera con la conservación del medio ambiente. Por todo ello está acometiendo sucesivas revisiones de su Plan de Restauración del Espacio Natural (PREN), tratando de incorporar las mejores prácticas internacionales al respecto. Todo ello en colaboración con las universidades Complutense y de Alcalá (Madrid) y bajo la supervisión de la Dirección del Parque Natural del Alto Tajo. Una de las acciones más destacadas a ese respecto ha sido la construcción de una escombrera experimental, específicamente diseñada para mejorar la restauración de los terrenos afectados por la mina. En ella se estudia el comportamiento erosivo que tienen diferentes diseños de escombreras mediante la combinación de: (a) distintas topografías (cóncava y en terrazas); (b) distintos tipos de sustrato (estériles, coluviones y suelos originales); y (c) distintos tipos de revegetación (como hidrosiembras). En la comunicación se describen los detalles de la puesta en funcionamiento de esta escombrera experimental, así como los resultados obtenidos para el periodo 1 de noviembre de 2008 a 31 de marzo de 2009.Item Impacto hidrogeomorfológico de las minas y escombreras de Peñalén (Guadalajara) sobre el Parque Natural del Alto Tajo(Cuaternario y geomorfología, 2009) Martín Duque, José Francisco; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Nicolau Ibarra, José Manuel; Sanz Santos, Miguel Angel; Lucía Vela, AnaEl municipio de Peñalén (Guadalajara) alberga un conjunto de minas y escombreras degradadas, cuyo impacto ambiental sobre el inmediato Parque Natural del Alto Tajo es objeto de constante discusión. En este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo una primera aproximación al problema, tratando de caracterizar los condicionantes geomorfológicos del impacto hidrológico, de identificar las principales fuentes de sedimentos y de cuantificar los sedimentos que son emitidos desde estas zonas mineras y desde sus alrededores a la red fluvial. Esta aproximación ha puesto de manifiesto tres evidencias claras: (i) las zonas mineras de Peñalén se sitúan en localizaciones muy vulnerables a la erosión hídrica; (ii) los procesos erosivos y de emisión de sedimentos hacia el río Tajo son muy importantes desde esas zonas mineras y desde cárcavas naturales; (iii) existe una conexión hidrológica directa entre las fuentes de sedimentos de las zonas mineras degradadas de Peñalén y el río Tajo.Item Transformación del Territorio y Cambio Global(2011) Martín Duque, José Francisco; de Alba, S.; Alcázar, M.; Barbero, F.; Cermeño, I.; Lucia, Angelo; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Zapico Alonso, Ignacio; Pérez-Monserrat, Elena M.; Charco Romero, MaríaItem Geomorphic reclamation for reestablishment of landform stability at a watershed scale in mined sites: The Alto Tajo Natural Park, Spain(Ecological Engineering, 2018) Zapico, Ignacio; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Bugosh, Bugosh; Laronne, Laronne; Ortega, Ana; Molina, Antonio; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Nicolau Ibarra, José Manuel; Sánchez Castillo, LázaroThis research describes a geomorphic-based process of mining reclamation carried out at the El Machorro mine (at the edge of the Alto Tajo Natural Park, East Central Spain) and its monitoring for five years (2012–2017). The GeoFluv™ method implemented by the Natural Regrade software has been used to design small watersheds as a mining reclamation topographical solution. The procedure included: (i) finding a suitable reference area with stable landforms and acquiring inputs from them; (ii) designing two first-order stream watersheds; (iii) building the planned landscape; and (iv) monitoring the hydrological and erosive – sedimentary response of the reclaimed watersheds. This process is in itself a contribution to global advancement of reclamation best practices, because there are very few geomorphic-based mining reclamation examples, and even fewer that include their multi-annual monitoring. Sediment yields were obtained comparing Digital Elevation Models (DEM) acquired by Total Station (TS), Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), differential Global Positioning System (GPS) and topographic reconstructions (interpretations). An H-flume with turbidity and water pressure sensors allowed quantifying runoff and suspended sediment. Sediment yield progressively decreased with time attaining a current low value (4.02 Mg ha−1 yr−1). Water discharge and suspended sediment concentration have also decreased with time. Initially, high sediment yield values were obtained. They are interpreted as being triggered by grading errors that deviated from the design, so that runoff adjusted construction irregularities during that period by erosion and sedimentation. After those adjustments, the reclamation surface became more reflective of the design and the resulting surface remained very ‘stable’. The deduction is that the geomorphic-based reclamation has re-established an approximate steady-state or dynamic equilibrium, where hydrological and erosive – sedimentary functionality operate now at rates comparable to the surrounding natural land. Although further research is required to confirm long-term stability, geomorphic reclamation appears as an efficient mining reclamation alternative solution to the traditional approach of gradient terraces and downdrains, which require frequent and costly maintenance, in the highly erodible setting of the Alto Tajo Natural Park surroundings, as well as in most open pit mines.