Person:
Martín Duque, José Francisco

First Name

José Francisco

Last Name

Martín Duque

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/75232

Affiliation

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Faculty / Institute

Ciencias Geológicas

Department

Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología

Area

Geodinámica Externa

Identifiers

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 17

Geological factors of the Guadalajara landscapes (Central Spain) and their relevance to landscape studies
(Landscape and urban planning, 2004) García Quintana, Alvaro; García-Hidalgo Pallarés, José Francisco; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Pedraza Gilsanz, Javier de; González Martín, J.A.
The landscapes of a territory are the consequence of its history; overlapped geological, vegetable and cultural histories usually exist on a landscape. At the Mediterranean domain, however, a translucent vegetation exists, and its history is closely related to the geologic and cultural histories, because low-technology agricultural uses on a different hardness rock background control vegetation. Thus, in areas like the Guadalajara province, the geologic composition and the human activities can be considered the primary conditions for landscape configuration. Both condition the typologies, distribution and relative importance of the geotic, biotic and anthropogenic components of landscapes. A complex network of interrelations among all them exists but, in the base of which lie the geology of the territory, included relief, because it has amore independent influence since man cannot modify the geologic factors; such as the colour of the rocks, the size and distribution of rock bodies, the palaeogeographic domains and the tectonic structure all which control landscape development and configuration. Moreover, geology influences conditions and even limit, the presence, typologies and development of the biotic and anthropogenic elements. These factors also have a major relevance for environmental management, educational and economic policy, and, in some cases, for environmental impact assessment.
Trabajos presentados en la VI Reunión de la IPA España: preámbulo
(Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Sección Geológica, 2004) Pedraza Gilsanz, Javier de; Carrasco González, Rosa María; Martín Duque, José Francisco
Procesos geomorfológicos activos en cárcavas del borde del piedemonte norte de la Sierra de Guadarrama (Provincia de Segovia, España)
(Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Sección geológica, 2008) Lucía Vela, Ana; Vicente, Fuencisla; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Sanz Santos, Miguel Angel; Andrés, Carlos de; Bodoque del Pozo, José María
Dos localizaciones situadas cerca del borde del piedemonte norte de la Sierra de Guadarrama (provincia de Segovia) ofrecen formas erosivas en cárcavas bien desarrolladas: (a) un conjunto de barrancos encajados sobre arenas arcósicas del Mioceno, en un relieve de lomas y vaguadas del suroeste provincial; (b) cárcavas sobre arenas silíceas del Cretácico Superior, en un relieve de laderas de mesas y cuestas de la zona centro sur de la Provincia. En este trabajo se caracteriza la actividad geomorfológica de esos barrancos y cárcavas, y se inicia su cuantificación. El objetivo está encaminado a conocer qué procesos movilizan sedimentos, y a evaluar sus tasas de actuación, intensidad, frecuencia de ocurrencia y conectividad entre los mismos. Los procesos de erosión hídrica por salpicadura, arroyada laminar y concentrada en rills, junto con la actividad gravitacional observada, movilizan materiales desde las cabeceras de las cárcavas hasta los colectores, rellenándolos; éstos son evacuados mediante procesos de encajamiento en los canales efímeros, y sedimentados en pequeños conos aluviales. En los barrancos sobre arcosas, los eventos de precipitación poco intensos y de alta frecuencia tienden a rellenar los lechos arenosos, mientras que la fusión nival y las precipitaciones de alta intensidad y baja frecuencia vacían los canales, sedimentando en zonas apicales de los conos aluviales. En las cárcavas sobre arenas silíceas, los primeros datos obtenidos apuntan a unas tasas de erosión y producción de sedimentos muy elevadas, ya que sobre ellas se produce escorrentía y erosión hídrica de manera casi instantánea; por ello, los eventos de precipitación de baja intensidad son capaces de sedimentar en las zonas apicales de los conos, mientras que los eventos de alta intensidad originan lóbulos telescópicos sobre conos aluviales existentes en pedimentos. [ABSTRACT] Two areas located at the edge of the North piedmont of the Guadarrama Mountains (province of Segovia) show a conspicuous development of gullies. A series of valley side gullies, or ravines, cut on arkosic sand sediments of Miocene age at the Río Chico Valley (southwest of the Segovia province); and slope gullies, cut on silica sand, shale and gravel sediments of Upper Cretaceous age, on the slopes of a set of mesas and cuestas at the río Cega piedmont (Pedraza region, south centre of the Segovia province). This paper characterizes the geomorphic activity of both types of gullies. In addition, the quantification of their current activity is initiated. The objectives are: to know which processes are eroding and mobilizing the sediments within the gullies, and to evaluate their rates, intensity, frequency and connectivity. A detailed field survey shows that weathering processes (sandstone sheeting, and the formation of popcorn structures on shale layers), and splash, sheet and rill erosion, along with sand and mud falls, slides and flows move sediment from the gully slopes and internal divides to the dry washes. These materials are temporary stored in ephemeral stream channels (filled with sandy bed material), evacuated by stream-bed scour and fill processes, and deposited in alluvial cones. In order to get a first approximation of the amount of erosion and sediment movement, a set of field methods have been applied to these areas. These methods include: erosion pins, measurement of pedestals, system of rods and washers, pit traps (box and gabion check-dam types), and topographic surveys after extensive sedimentation on alluvial cones, along with the installation of pluviographs. The results show how on the arkosic valley side gullies, the precipitation events of low intensity and high frequency tend to fill the sandy stream-beds, whereas the snowmelt and the high intensity and low frequency precipitation events scour the sandy stream-beds. The sedimentation occurs here at the apex part of the alluvial cones, which rest directly on the nearby floodplain of the Chico River. On the silica sand slope gullies, the first gathered data point at very high rates of erosion and sedimentation (44.1 tons/ha for a single event), which is interpreted due to the fact that runoff and water erosion occurs here almost instantaneously after precipitation. Here, the precipitation events of low intensity and high frequency produce sedimentation at the apex part of the alluvial cones, whereas the high intensity and low frequency precipitation events sediment in the form of telescopic lobes, on existing alluvial cones, which rest on pediments.
Los paisajes de la región de Milmarcos: sistemática y cartografía (Cordillera Ibérica, Provincias de Guadalajara, Soria y Zaragoza)
(Geotemas, 2000) García Quintana, Álvaro; González Martínez, Juan Antonio; Martín Duque, José Francisco; García Hidalgo, J.F.
Landforms constitute the physical framework of the landscape, whether it is considered in a territorial or in a visual approach. The composition, tectonic structure and geologic history of a territory determine the topographic development of the landscape and its textures. Here, we summarize the study o f the landscape's structure of a region o f 600 km2 located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, characterised by an alternance o f rock strata with different consistency and erosionability. The Mesozoic materials are folded and faulted because o f the alpine movements, and flattened to Neogene planation surfaces. The Cenozoic materials are in a horizontal disposal. During the Quaternary, the river system of the Mesa River was incised and developed. As a consequence of these circumstances, a wide variety of landforms is displayed. A typological classification o f the structures o f the landscapes of this region and their mapping has been made.
Evolución geomorfológica en tiempos históricos recientes de cárcavas del borde del piedemonte norte del Guadarrama (Segovia, España). Estudio a partir de fuentes documentales
(Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Sección geológica, 2009) Vicente, Fuencisla; Sanz Santos, Miguel Angel; Lucía Vela, Ana; Martín Duque, José Francisco
Cerca del borde del piedemonte norte de la Sierra de Guadarrama (comarca de Pedraza, provincia de Segovia) existe un conjunto de formas erosivas en cárcavas bien definidas, desarrolladas sobre arenas silíceas del Cretácico Superior. En este trabajo se analiza la evolución geomorfológica en tiempos históricos recientes de esas cárcavas, realizada a través del análisis de diferentes fuentes documentales. Dicho trabajo ha revelado la escasez de datos y referencias históricas a estas formas del terreno. Los mejores resultados se han conseguido a partir de secuencias fotográficas de campo y de fotografías aéreas verticales de distintas fechas. La evolución geomorfológica experimentada por estas cárcavas a lo largo de los últimos sesenta años, establecida mediante el estudio comparativo de fotografías aéreas verticales de distintos años, ha puesto de manifiesto un retroceso de los bordes de las cárcavas, y por tanto un aumento de la superficie ocupada por sus cabeceras. En concreto, se han obtenido tasas máximas de retroceso de hasta 0,78 m/año. Ese retroceso ocurre sobre todo por procesos gravitacionales (caídas, deslizamientos y flujos), y en menor medida por erosión hídrica en surcos y regueros. Estos procesos coexisten con la colonización de la vegetación en el interior de las cárcavas, sobre todo arbórea y arbustiva. El aumento espontáneo de la cubierta vegetal que se ha registrado supera, en ocasiones, el 50% de su superficie; dicha colonización contribuye a la estabilidad geomorfológica de algunos sectores del interior de las cárcavas, al disminuir la actividad erosiva sobre sus paredes. Sobre el origen incierto de estas formas erosivas, se confirma, su relación con fenómenos inducidos por el hombre; sin embargo, no se ha podido constatar para todas ellas como causa única y común.
Hacia una Minería Sostenible en el 95 entorno del Parque Natural del Alto Tajo. La escombrera experimental de la mina ‘El Machorro’(Poveda de la Sierra, Guadalajara)
(Conferencia Internacional - Minería Sostenible. Santiago de Compostela. Cámara Oficial Mineira de Galicia, 2009, 2009) Hernando, Nestor; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Sánchez Castillo, Lázaro; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Sanz Santos, Miguel Angel; Nicolau Ibarra, José Manuel
Por su situación en el entorno de un espacio natural protegido, y sobre una ladera de pendiente y longitud elevadas, la restauración de la mina El Machorro constituye un importante reto científico y profesional. La empresa propietaria de esta mina, CAOBAR S.A., tiene entre sus objetivos demostrar la compatibilidad de la actividad minera con la conservación del medio ambiente. Por todo ello está acometiendo sucesivas revisiones de su Plan de Restauración del Espacio Natural (PREN), tratando de incorporar las mejores prácticas internacionales al respecto. Todo ello en colaboración con las universidades Complutense y de Alcalá (Madrid) y bajo la supervisión de la Dirección del Parque Natural del Alto Tajo. Una de las acciones más destacadas a ese respecto ha sido la construcción de una escombrera experimental, específicamente diseñada para mejorar la restauración de los terrenos afectados por la mina. En ella se estudia el comportamiento erosivo que tienen diferentes diseños de escombreras mediante la combinación de: (a) distintas topografías (cóncava y en terrazas); (b) distintos tipos de sustrato (estériles, coluviones y suelos originales); y (c) distintos tipos de revegetación (como hidrosiembras). En la comunicación se describen los detalles de la puesta en funcionamiento de esta escombrera experimental, así como los resultados obtenidos para el periodo 1 de noviembre de 2008 a 31 de marzo de 2009.
Impacto hidrogeomorfológico de las minas y escombreras de Peñalén (Guadalajara) sobre el Parque Natural del Alto Tajo
(Cuaternario y geomorfología, 2009) Martín Duque, José Francisco; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Nicolau Ibarra, José Manuel; Sanz Santos, Miguel Angel; Lucía Vela, Ana
El municipio de Peñalén (Guadalajara) alberga un conjunto de minas y escombreras degradadas, cuyo impacto ambiental sobre el inmediato Parque Natural del Alto Tajo es objeto de constante discusión. En este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo una primera aproximación al problema, tratando de caracterizar los condicionantes geomorfológicos del impacto hidrológico, de identificar las principales fuentes de sedimentos y de cuantificar los sedimentos que son emitidos desde estas zonas mineras y desde sus alrededores a la red fluvial. Esta aproximación ha puesto de manifiesto tres evidencias claras: (i) las zonas mineras de Peñalén se sitúan en localizaciones muy vulnerables a la erosión hídrica; (ii) los procesos erosivos y de emisión de sedimentos hacia el río Tajo son muy importantes desde esas zonas mineras y desde cárcavas naturales; (iii) existe una conexión hidrológica directa entre las fuentes de sedimentos de las zonas mineras degradadas de Peñalén y el río Tajo.
Episodic sediment delivery and landscape connectivity in the Mancos Shale badlands and Fremont River system, Utah, USA
(Geomorphology, 2008) Godfrey, Andrew E.; Everitt, Benjamin L.; Martín Duque, José Francisco
The Fremont River drains about 1000 km2 of Mancos Shale badlands, which provide a large percentage of the total sediment load of its middle and lower reaches. Factors controlling sediment movement include: weathering that produces thin paralithic soils, mass movement events that move the soil onto locations susceptible to fluvial transport, intense precipitation events that move the sediment along rills and across local pediments, and finally Fremont River floods that move the sediment to the main-stem Colorado River. A forty-year erosion-pin study has shown that down-slope creep moves the weathered shale crust an average of 5.9 cm/yr. Weather records and our monitoring show that wet winters add large slab failures and mudflows. Recent sediment-trap studies show that about 95% of sediment movement across pediments is accomplished by high-intensity summer convective storms. Between 1890 and 1910, a series of large autumn floods swept down the Fremont River, eroding its floodplain and transforming it from a narrow and meandering channel to a broad, braided one. Beginning about 1940, the Fremont's channel began to narrow. Sequential aerial photos and cross-sections suggest that floodplain construction since about 1966 has stored about 4000 to 8000 m3 of sediment per kilometer per year. These data suggest that it will take two centuries to restore the floodplain to its pre-1890 condition, which is in line with geologic studies elsewhere on the Colorado Plateau. The various landscape elements of slope, pediment, and floodplain are semi-independent actors in sediment delivery, each with its own style. Accelerated mass movement on the slopes has an approximate 20-year recurrence. Sediment movement from slope across pediments to master stream is episodic and recurs more frequently. The slope-to-pediment portion of the system appears well connected. However, sediment transport through the floodplain is not well connected in the decadal time scale, but increases in the century and millennial time scales, and changes over time depending on the cycle of arroyo cutting and filling.
Geology and rural landscapes in central Spain (Guadalajara, Castilla—La Mancha)
(Environmental geology, 2005) García Quintana, Alvaro; Martín Duque, José Francisco; González Martín, Francisco Javier; García Hidalgo, J.F.; Pedraza Gilsanz, Javier de; Herranz Araújo, Pedro; Rincón, R.; Estévez Martín, Hugo
Methods commonly used in regional geological analysis were employed to study the visual landscapes of the Sigüenza–Molina de Aragón area (Spain). Landscape data were compiled to produce a landscape map and a photograph catalogue. Lithological composition, tectonic structure and recent erosive processes are the main factors controlling the visual landscapes. Territorial properties, such as colours and agricultural capacities, are controlled by these geological characteristics. The landscape map and the photographic catalogue is the main contribution of this paper. The first level of landscape classification distinguishes zones with dominance of either flat, concave or convex areas. Other parts of the territory are, however, composed of concave and convex combinations that originate hybrid orographic structures. In a second level of classification, several subdivisions for each of these types are established.
Sheet erosion rates determined by using dendrogeomorphological analysis of exposed tree roots: Two examples from Central Spain
(Catena, 2005) Bodoque del Pozo, José María; Díez Herrero, Andrés; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Rubiales Jiménez, Juan Manuel; Godfrey, Andrew E.; Pedraza Gilsanz, Javier de; Carrasco González, Rosa María; Sanz Santos, Miguel Angel
This paper describes the determination of sheet erosion rates by using dendrogeomorphological methods on exposed tree roots. Two sites on the northern slope of the Guadarrama Mountains, Central Spain, were studied: a popular trail in a Scots pine forest (Senda Schmidt, Valsaı´n) growing on granites and gneisses, and an open holm-oak forest on granitic slopes (Monterrubio). These sites were selected because they showed high denudation morphologies due to accelerated soil-erosion processes caused by human influence (trampling by continuous trekking and overgrazing), resulting in exposed roots. The method applied is based on the morphological pattern of roots, defined by the growth-ring series of the sampled roots. In order to confirm the validity of the criteria used and to make the estimations of erosion more accurate, several anatomical indicators of exposed and nonexposed Pinus sylvestris roots were characterized. The study entailed a statistical analysis of exposure time and erosion depth. The influence of environmental factors affecting the variation in velocity of the erosion processes was also examined. With a significance level of 95%, the mean erosion rates were in the range of 1.7–2.6 mm/year (29– 44 t/ha/year) on Senda Schmidt over the last 101 years, and 1.1–1.8 mm/year (19–31 t/ha/year) in Monterrubio over the last 42 years. Using a multifactor analysis of variance, we observed a change in the erosion rates as a function of position on the path along Senda Schmidt. In Monterrubio, however, we reached no significant conclusions, apart from an inverse relationship between erosion and slope gradient that was difficult to interpret. Climate conditions in Senda Schmidt and the accuracy of dating Scots pine indicate that the evaluation on P. sylvestris roots is fairly reliable, which is not the case for oak roots. Although this paper is based on the application of an existing method, its novelty lies in being the first attempt in Spain to estimate dacceleratedT sheet erosion rates (due to recreational activities and overgrazing) using dendrogeomorphological techniques, supplemented by anatomical indicators for P. sylvestris.