Person:
Martín Duque, José Francisco

First Name

José Francisco

Last Name

Martín Duque

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/75232

Affiliation

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Faculty / Institute

Ciencias Geológicas

Department

Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología

Area

Geodinámica Externa

Identifiers

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 28

Baseline to evaluate off-sitesuspended sediment-related mining effects in the Alto Tajo Natural Park, Spain
(Land Degradation and Development, 2017) Zapico Alonso, Ignacio; Laronne, Jonathan; Martín Moreno, Cristina; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Ortega, Ana; Sánchez Castillo,Lázaro
Mining is a human activity with considerable environmental impact. To evaluate such impacts, international laws require undertaking local studies based on direct sampling to establish baseline conditions of parameters modified by human activities. Mining takes place near the Alto Tajo Natural Park, where a suspended sediment concentration (SSC) baseline is required to determine whether mining affects water quality. To this end, we have monitored the Tajo River and its tributary the Tajuelo following Before–After Control-Impact (BACI) techniques, recommended by Australian and New Zealand laws, requiring a specific method based on continuous monitoring and sampling to enable evaluation of SSCs. An SSC baseline has been defined at stations situated upstream of the mining area and compared with those downstream. The highest detected SSC upstream of the Tajuelo mines was 24 g l−1 whereas the highest simultaneous downstream value was 391 g l−1, more than one order of magnitude higher than the supposed baseline (24 g l−1). Additionally, this value is 1000 times more than the average concentration of 25 mg l−1, used by the European Union until 2015, to guarantee the quality of salmonid waters. Following a BACI approach, a statistically significant SSC impact has been identified. The mined areas are the only source that can explain this increase. This is the first instance that such an increase and baseline have been found using this method. BACI is a simple and reliable method recommended for studying degraded areas rather than an irrelevant, fixed standard as included in most international laws.
Continuous monitoring of bedload discharge in a small, steep sandy channel
(Journal of hydrology, 2013) Lucía Vela, Ana; Recking, Alain; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Storz Peretz, Yael; Laronne, Jonathan
This paper reports on bedload flux and texture monitored in a natural, steep, sandy ephemeral channel draining a small gullied sandy watershed, the Barranca de los Pinos (1.32 ha), Spain. Bedload flux was continuously monitored with two independent Reid-type slot samplers; bedload texture was determined from the sediment collected in the samplers. Channel morphology was surveyed with a high spatial resolution with a Terrestrial Laser Scanner. The monitored instantaneous bedload fluxes are among the highest measured in natural rivers, characterized by high temporal and spatial variability related to the presence of bedforms, shallow bars and sand sheets, and to the reworking of the dry bed between and at the end of individual flow events. The grain size distribution of the bedload indicates equal mobility; but bedload texture fluctuates, depicting the transport of coarser bar surfaces and of finer-grained anabranch surfaces as well as of the overall bed subsurface.
Perspective: The historical reference in restoration ecology: Re-defining a cornerstone concept
(Biological conservation, 2014) Balaguer Núñez, Luis; Escudero Alcántara, Adrián; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Mola, Ignacio; Aronson, James
Ecological restoration aims to revitalize ecosystem integrity and functionality following severe damage or degradation. Often, however, efforts are hampered by an incomplete or flawed concept of historical ‘reference’ used when choosing or constructing a target ecosystem or landscape to restore ‘to’. This problem may stem from a culturally-skewed interpretation of history or from misunderstanding or underestimation of the role that humans have played in a given ecosystem’s historical development and dynamics. While strongly confirming the importance of the reference concept in restoration ecology, we argue for the need to refine it, and to broaden the ways it can be conceived, developed, and applied. Firstly, the historical reference system informing a given restoration project should be grounded in both latent and active ‘ecological memories’, encoded and stored across relevant geographical and temporal scales. Further, the generally neglected geomorphic component of reference-building should also be addressed, as well as the contributions of human cultures to current ecosystem and landscape condition. Thirdly, ecosystems are historically contingent and multi-layered. Pre-versus post-disturbance comparisons are insufficient. Instead, restoration scenarios should be seen as tapestries of multiple and successive states. In sum, a well-conceived reference model helps promote and ensure the recovery and subsequent maintenance of historical continuity, i.e., the reestablishment of an impaired ecosystem to its historic ecological trajectory. We use case studies from pain and Peru to illustrate how this approach can provide better goalposts and benchmarks, and therefore better guide the planning, implementation, and evaluation of effective restoration projects.
The Potential of Permanent Gullies in Europe as Geomorphosites
(Geoheritage, 2019) Zglobicki, Wojciech; Poesen, Jean; Cohen, Marianne; Del Monte, Maurizio; García Ruiz, José M.; Ionita, Ion; Niacsu, Lilian; Machová, Zora; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Nadal Romero, Estela; Pica, Alessia; Rey, Freddy; Solé Benet, Albert; Stankoviansky, Miloš; Stolz, Christian; Torri, Dino; Soms, Juris; Vergari, Francesca
Geotourism is a useful way to educate societies in the field of geomorphology and related natural hazards. Geosites, including geomorphosites, represent the basis for the development of this type of tourism. This study describes 12 representative gully regions within nine European countries. The characteristics of 42 permanent gullies, gully systems, and badland landscapes are presented. Based on scientific values of the sites, educational lessons to be learned were identified that are mainly related to (i) gullies as a geological window, (ii) present-day geomorphological processes and (iii) stages of historical gully erosion reflecting past human–environment interactions. To evaluate possible education activities, a geotouristic assessment of the studied gullies and badlands was made, based on scientific, educational, functional and touristic indicators. This assessment demonstrates a large difference between the selected gully and badland sites, particularly with regard to functional and tourist values. The geotouristic potential of gullies (badlands) is the highest in Italy and Spain and the lowest in Romania and Latvia. In some countries, permanent gullies are not regarded as geotouristic attractions at all, while in others, they constitute a significant element of their tourism development strategy. In our opinion, all activities must be part of a broader strategy for the development of geotourism in gully and badland regions, for example, gullies may be included as geosites within existing or planned geoparks.
Land transformation by humans: A review
(GSA Today, 2012) Hooke, Roger Leb.; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Pedraza Gilsanz, Javier de
In recent decades, changes that human activities have wrought in Earth’s life support system have worried many people. The human population has doubled in the past 40 years and is projected to increase by the same amount again in the next 40. The expansion of infrastructure and agriculture necessitated by this population growth has quickened the pace of land transformation and degradation. We estimate that humans have modified >50% of Earth’s land surface. The current rate of land transformation, particularly of agricultural land, is unsustainable. We need a lively public discussion of the problems resulting from population pressures and the resulting land degradation.
Stabilization by geomorphic reclamation of a rotational landslide in an abandoned mine next to the Alto Tajo Natural Park
(Engineering Geology, 2019) Zapico, Ignacio; Molina, Antonio; Laronne, Jonathan B.; Sánchez Castillo, Lázaro; Martín Duque, José Francisco
Two abandoned kaolin mines, surrounding one of the most outstanding natural parks of Spain, the Alto Tajo, have caused frequent environmental impacts. Within these are unstable areas prone to extensive mass movements that influence off-site sediment dynamics over the fluvial system. A waste dump in the Nuria mine obstructing a stream in the center of a valley experienced a rotational landslide. Mass movement between 2012 and 2014 was 0.025–0.026 m day−1. To mitigate the high risk of an earthflow, a novel stabilizing surface drainage technique was implemented. Two remedial valleys designed with fluvial channels were constructed surrounding the landslide main body using natural landform design and regrading, with no need for artificial materials such as concrete or piles. This novel remediation process is generically termed geomorphic reclamation. The specific method applied to this site was GeoFluv with Natural Regrade software. Before (2014) and after geomorphic stabilization (2015–2017), the landslide was monitored using Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of Difference (DODs) obtained by a Geomorphic Change Detection (GCD) tool. Two modern techniques, Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), and, Structure from Motion photogrammetry combined with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (SfM-UAV), were used to acquire High-Resolution Topographies (HRTs) from which DEMs were derived. Data analysis and field monitoring results demonstrate that: i) the Nuria mine transformed almost 50% of the upper part of a natural catchment; ii) a waste dump active landslide with a surface rupture <15m posed a high-risk hazard due to its continuous advance; iii) geomorphic reclamation succeeded in stabilizing the landslide during the monitoring period; iv) SfM-UAV-based topographies offer better accuracy and higher resolution, are cheaper and are obtained faster than TLS for mine areas.
Gossans, Slates, and the Red and Black Hamlets of Segovia (Spain): Interrelated Geological and Architectural Features
(Geoheritage, 2018) Oyarzun, Roberto; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Fernández Barrenechea, José María; López García, José Ángel
The Sierra of Ayllón in Central Spain has a rich heritage from both the architectonic and geological perspectives. On one hand, the low lands flanking the northern side of the sierra in the Segovia Province host the so-called red hamlets and black hamlets (pueblos rojos-pueblos negros). The red and black terms derive from the traditional local building materials: Miocene red gossan breccias and Ordovician-Silurian black slates, respectively. Although these hamlets have a series of undeniable esthetic and historical values, it is the geology of this realm which accounts for most of the remarkable features in the studied zone. In this regard, near the hamlet of Madriguera, there are outstanding, unique outcrops of Miocene gossan deposits and deeply hydrothermally altered Silurian slates, forming what we have here defined as the “Madriguera Gossan Corridor” geosite. This, together with the intrinsic historical and esthetic values of the red and black hamlets, confers to the area (both at the regional and local scales) an immense scientific, educational, and touristic potential. The formal assessment of this site following the official methodology of the Geological Survey of Spain (IGME) confirms its highly valuable interest as a geosite.
A Multiinstitutional Spanish Master's Program in Ecosystem Restoration: Vision and Four-Year Experience
(Ecological restoration, 2010) Rey Benayas, José M.; Escudero Alcántara, Adrián; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Nicolau Ibarra, José Manuel; Villar Salvador, Pedro; García de Jalón, Diego; Balaguer, Luis
Since 2006, an innovative, multiinstitutional Spanish Master in Ecosystem Restoration (MER) is jointly offered by four major public universities in Madrid. In view of the high student demand-about 900 applications this academic year for only 30 places, a remarkable 75% rate of professional poststudy employment in a period of economic crisis, and the high number (> 40) of prestigious organizations involved in the program, we consider the MER program, although still young, to be very promising for the long term. We explain the process to create the MER and achieve the results obtained thus far. We describe its organization, report its vital statistics in terms of students, and identify some strengths and weaknesses observed to date. The MER program has evolved as a network of knowledge and experience that links universities, lecturers, researchers, students, private and public companies, NGOs, and administration centers. Our aim is to help other groups that may want to launch similar graduate•level ecological restoration degree programs.
The Ribagorda sand gully (east-central Spain): Sediment yield and human-induced origin
(Geomorphology, 2014) Martín Moreno, Cristina; Fidalgo Hijano, C.; Martín Duque, José Francisco; González Martín, J.A.; Zapico Alonso, Ignacio; Laronne, Jonathan
Gullies are developed under different climatic conditions and lithologies; however, those formed on sands have been scarcely described. This paper reports the study of the Ribagorda sand gully, 2.57 ha in area (east-central Spain). The main objectives were to characterize and quantify its geomorphic dynamics and to trace its origin. We described the landforms of the gully and measured the surface strength of the sand. We monitored, for six years, the filling of the storage areas of three check dams built downstream from the gully, and related it with rainfall characteristics. We also described the nature of the sediments trapped by the dams and estimated the amount of sediment eroded since the gully formation. Finally, we consulted historical records and maps to determine past land uses and transformations that may have affected the origin of the gully. The study shows a high diversity of landforms, denoting active processes, consistent with a measured mean annual sediment yield of 114 Mg ha−1 yr−1. A statistically significant relationship exists between the mass of sediment (Mg) and: 1) the total rainfall (mm) (P = 0.0007) or 2) the analysed rainfall intensities. Among five identified facies in the sedimentarywedge, the sandy ones are predominant. The total amount of sediment eroded by the Ribagorda gully since its originwas 962,800Mg. The results are unequivocal signs of an intense geomorphic activity within the gully, with an alluvial-fan type deposition in the dams.We interpret that the Ribagorda gully was initiated by deforestation after the 13th century, when forests began to be intensively logged, and before the 18th century,when the gullywas first indirectly described in print. The age, origin, evolution and dynamics of this gully indicate that this landscape is currently evolving towards a new steady state, after human disturbances over centuries. Given the gully evolution and local extent, we suggest that no correction measures are needed for its management.
Erosión minera en la cuenca del arroyo Peñalén (Parque Natural del Alto Tajo, Guadalajara)
(Comprendiendo el relieve: del pasado al futuro, 2016) Martín Moreno, Cristina; Martín Duque, José Francisco; Nicolau Ibarra, José Manuel; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso