Person:
Muñoz Martín, Alfonso

First Name

Alfonso

Last Name

Muñoz Martín

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/75220

Affiliation

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Faculty / Institute

Ciencias Geológicas

Department

Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología

Area

Geodinámica Interna

Identifiers

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 13

Controles tectónicos y estructurales de la incisión fluvial en el centro-oeste de la Cuenca del Duero, NO de Iberia
(Geogaceta, 2007) Antón López, Loreto; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso
The present work approaches incision rates quantification of Duero River in the central- west par t of Iberia and implications of tectonics in the evolution and change of drainage patterns. For this aim we calculate incision rates from the two main geomorphological surfaces defined in the area. Comparing fluvial incision rates and fracture pattern a strong structural control is shown; either in the orientation of drainage network, either in the incision rates distribution. Drainage pattern shows two main orientations, NW-SE following the hercinian structure of the area and NE-SW to N-S matching with the main fracture sets (Duero, Almendra, Almeida-Valderaduey faults, as example). Fluvial incision is mostly controlled by the great faults and faults systems NE-SW to N-S oriented.
La deformación alpina en el Sistema Central Español
(Geo-guías, Rutas geológicas por la Península Ibérica, Canarias, Sicilia y Marruecos, 2019) De Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Olaiz, A.J.; Vegas, Ramón; Antón López, Loreto; Martín Velázquez, Silvia; Giner Robles, J.; Rodriguez Pascua, M.A.
La idea del origen compresivo del Sistema Central (SC) se debe a Birot y Solé Sabarís (1954) [1], antes del establecimiento del papel que la tectónica de placas juega en el desarrollo de las estructuras intraplaca. Sin embargo, sus observaciones de campo no fueron tenidas en cuenta y, durante mucho tiempo, el SC fue considerado como una estructura extensiva [2]. Los primeros modelos de estructura del SC, en un contexto compresivo intraplaca, fueron propuestos por Vegas y Suriñach (1987) [3], que calcularon un engrosamiento cortical de 5 km, mientras que Warburton y Álvarez (1989) [4] construyeron una sección transversal con el desarrollo de una tectónica de piel fina asociada a un detachment intracortical proveniente de las Béticas y con un acortamiento asociado de 50 km. Esta idea fue también propuesta con menos detalle para el sector portugués, pero en relación a un estilo tectónico de piel gruesa y un acortamiento menor [5]. No obstante, estos trabajos carecían de observaciones de campo. En concreto, la sección de Warburton y Álvarez adolece de numerosas inconsistencias. El estilo tectónico propuesto durante la celebración de la III reunión de la Comisión de Tectónica de la SGE, que es el que se tiene en cuenta hoy en día, fue el de una tectónica de piel gruesa, sin despegues en la cobertera, con la formación de cabalgamientos imbricados de piel fina con implicación del basamento y pop ups dentro del basamento varisco de direcciones NE-SO a E-O. El acortamiento asociado se calculó en un 14% (20 km) [6, 7].
Análisis de la geometría en profundidad de fracturas conductoras en zonas de baja permeabilidad mediante tomografía eléctrica (El Berrocal, Sistema Central Español)
(Geogaceta, 2007) Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Olaiz Campos, Antonio José; Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo de; Antón López, Loreto; Elorza, Francisco José; Vicente, Raquel de
The groundwater flow in zones of low permeability, as granites, is mainly associated with zones of fracture. For this reason the characterization of the fractures is fundamental, both in surface as in depth, and must integrate geological information (geological mapping, structural analysis), geophysics (mainly electrical and electromagnetic methods) and geochemistry (radon and others gases) with hydrogeology. In this work we analyze the geophysical response of a strike-slip fault zone by means of three 2D resistivity models. The objective is to investigate the presence of several conductive zones and their geometry in depth. The obtained results allow to control the geometry in depth of the fractures, the gaps between the different mapped traces along the fault zone as well as the thickness of landfill. All this information will be useful for the hidromechanical simulation of the massif, and to check the geometry and gas permeability calculated from emanometry.
Quantifying the erosional impact of a continental-scale drainage capture in the Duero Basin, northwest Iberia
(Quaternary Research, 2018) Antón López, Loreto; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; De Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo
Formerly closed drainage basins provide exceptional settings for quantifying fluvial incision and landscape dissection at different time scales. Endorheic basins trap all the sediment eroded within the watershed, which allows estimates of post–basin opening erosion patterns. The Duero Basin was a former closed basin and is presently drained by the Duero River into the Atlantic Ocean. During the Cenozoic, the basin experienced a long endorheic period, marked by the formation of continental carbonates and evaporites. The retrogressive erosion of the Atlantic drainage coming from the Portuguese coast subsequently captured the internal drainage, and significant fluvial dissection occurred. Presently, the basin contains a relatively well-preserved sedimentary fill. Gridding and surface fitting in this paper provide the first attempt to reconstruct the surface of the top of the former endorheic sedimentary sequence to quantify the erosional impact of the basin opening. At least 2251±524 km3 of sediment was removed from the formerly closed basin following the start of exorheism. This volume represents a mean basin-surface lowering of 65±13 m. Erosion estimates and landscape dissection patterns are consistent with geologic evidence of progressive establishment of an outward drainage system.
Exceptional river gorge formation from unexceptional floods
(Nature Communications, 2015) Antón López, Loreto; Mather, A.E.; Stokes, M.; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso
An understanding of rates and mechanisms of incision and knickpoint retreat in bedrock rivers is fundamental to perceptions of landscape response to external drivers, yet only sparse field data are available. Here we present eye witness accounts and quantitative surveys of rapid, amphitheatre-headed gorge formation in unweathered granite from the overtopping of a rock-cut dam spillway by small-moderate floods (B100–1,500m3 s�1). The amount of erosion demonstrates no relationship with flood magnitude or bedload availability. Instead, structural pattern of the bedrock through faults and joints appears to be the primary control on landscape change. These discontinuities facilitate rapid erosion (4270m headward retreat; B100m incision; and B160m widening over 6 years) principally through fluvial plucking and block topple. The example demonstrates the potential for extremely rapid transient bedrock erosion even when rocks are mechanically strong and flood discharges are moderate. These observations are relevant to perceived models of gorge formation and knickpoint retreat.
Aplicación del método electromagnético de inducción ligera para el análisis de la permeabilidad en medios fracturados (granito de “El Berrocal”, Sistema Central Español)
(Geogaceta, 2009) Vicente, Raquel de; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Olaiz Campos, Antonio José; Antón López, Loreto; Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo de
Fracture characterization in granites has been an important subject of study during these last years, by means of geological-structural cartography, hydrogeology and geochemical analysis. All these works have been carried out to investigate the hydromechanics and permeability in low-permeability rocks. In this study we apply a surface geophysical method in order to characterize the permeability of the fault zones affecting “El Berrocal” granite (Central System, Spain). The low-induction electromagnetic method (EM) gives us the apparent resistivity values of the rocks at a maximum depth, allowing us to differentiate between soil / altered rock from fresh granites. As the apparent resistivity depends on the granite alteration and/or the water content, this parameter allows to estimate the relative permeability of different fracture zones. The obtained results show that the high-permeability fractures are those that are larger ones which were active during Alpine deformation (Eocene-present).
Análisis de la fracturación y campos de paleoesfuerzos en el centrooeste de la Península Ibérica.
(Geotemas, 2004) Antón López, Loreto; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo de
The Tormes Dome is a granitic massif emplaced during the Hercinian orogeny and later deformed by several posthercynian fracturation episodes. Three main paleostress fields have been obtained from stress inversion o f 1375 fault-slip data collected throughout the study area. The maximum horizontal stress (SHMAX) are oriented N-S, NE-SW and E-W with extensional and strike-slip stress regimes. Difficulties to determine age dating o f the three paleostress fields made necessary to enlarge the study area to the surrounding Cenozoic basins borders. In addition, geocronological information obtained form K-Ar dating o f fault gouges collected in the Tomes Dome has been used to establish the relative chronology of the three tectonic episodes from field data and determine their activity periods form Mesozoic to present time. An important result is that there is no relevant brittle tectonic activity associated with the recent NW-SE stress field in the western peninsula from Upper Miocene to the present times and some field evidences, as well as two focal mechanisms of earthquakes occurred in the area seem that in the Tormes Dome the recent stress field present an Shmax oriented N-S.
Using river long profiles and geomorphic indices to evaluate the geomorphological signature of continental scale drainage capture, Duero basin (NW Iberia)
(Geomorphology, 2013) Antón López, Loreto; De Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Stokes, Martin
Well-constrained case studies of transient landscape responses are needed to improve our understanding of erosion processes associated with drainage captures. The Duero basin is an excellent location for such a study because the landscape is currently undergoing pronounced geomorphological changes resulting from the opening of a former closed drainage. The present-day continental interior basin (N50,000 km2) drains to the Atlantic Ocean via the Duero River, but during the Cenozoic the basin experienced a long endorheic period marked by the formation of evaporites. Currently, the entire continental interior is an area of relative tectonic quiescence, characterised by a relict low-relief upland topography (Meseta). Systematic variations in lithology and a well-constrained tectonic setting throughout the basin and adjacent areas allow for the comparison of channel morphology between the Cenozoic Duero basin and its western fringe. To explore the signal of transient geomorphic response to capture and opening of the former endorheic basin, the main channel and 24 tributaries were analysed in terms of their longitudinal profiles and the application of geomorphic indices (concavity index [Ci], valley floorwidth-to-height ratio [Vf], and stream-length gradient index [SL]). The analysis reveals two zones with distinctive morphologies: (1) an upper reach domain consisting of broad flat valleys and low-gradient streams where concave longitudinal profiles dominate and (2) a middle reach domain characterised by steep, deeply incised canyons where a convex long profile dominates marking a major kinckzone. The quantitative information on channel shapes and long profile geometries allows the interpretation of these patterns in terms of driving forces for fluvial landscape development. Large-scale morphometric analysis highlights the transient response of the entire basin to a capture-related base level lowering and illustrates the importance of drainage captures as potential internal drivers of landscape modification and topographic adjustments. Furthermore, the Duero basin case study also emphasises that well-constrained bedrock geology and tectonic patterns are essential to avoid misinterpretation of geomorphic indexes.
Mapa de esfuerzos activos en línea de la Península Ibérica a partir de Mecanismos Focales calculados desde el Tensor de Momento Sísmico
(Geotemas, 2012) Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; De Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo; Olaiz Campos, Antonio José; Antón López, Loreto; Vegas, Ramón; Granja Bruña, José Luis
This work shows a new on-line stress map for Iberian Peninsula obtained from the inversion of earthquakes focal mechanisms calculated with the centroid moment tensor. An amount of 299 focal mechanisms have been selected with several quality criteria from different catalogues (CMT Harvard, ETH, Med-Net, I.G.N. and I.A.G.) from 1973 to January 2012. Values for the maximum horizontal stress and the shape factor of the ellipsoid (horizontal/vertical stress) have been calculated following De Vicente et al. (2008).. The local results have been interpolated to a 10’ regular grid in which the relation between tectonic horizontal stress and vertical load has been taken into account. The final map shows a good correlation with the primary tectonic forces generated in the plate boundaries and the local perturbations related with main crustal heterogeneities. Both the maps and data are free for download from http://www.ucm.es/info/lta/lta.html Applied Tectonophysics Group WebSite). [RESUMEN]Este trabajo muestra el nuevo mapa en línea de esfuerzos activos para la Península Ibérica obtenido a partir de la inversión de mecanismos focales de terremotos (MF) calculados con Tensor de Momento Sísmico (TMS). Un total de 299 MF han sido seleccionados con varios criterios de calidad de diferentes catálogos (CMT Harvard, ETH, Med-Net, I.G.N. e I.A.G.), para un periodo comprendido entre 1973 y enero de 2012 y profundidades menores de 60 km. Los valores de la dirección de máximo acortamiento horizontal (Dey) y el factor de forma (carga horizontal/vertical) han sido calculados siguiendo a De Vicente et al. (2008). Los resultados obtenidos se han interpolado a una malla regular de 10’, teniendo en cuenta las orientaciones de las componentes horizontales de esfuerzo, y el factor de forma. Los mapas finales muestran una buena correlación con indicadores geológicos y cinemáticos. Las orientaciones de los esfuerzos horizontales se relacionan con las fuerzas primarias provenientes de los límites de placas, y con perturbaciones locales relacionadas con heterogeneidades de primer orden a nivel cortical. Tanto los mapas, como los datos procesados son accesibles a través de la Web del Grupo de Tectonofísica Aplicada de la UCM http://www.ucm.es/info/lta/lta.html.
Datación de eventos tectónicos mediante integración de geocronología K-Ar y análisis de paleoesfuerzos en el Domo del Tormes
(Geotemas, 2004) Antón López, Loreto; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo de; Galindo Francisco, Mª del Carmen
The present paper deals with K-Ar absolute dating performed on three fault gouges structures selected across the geological structure known as the Domo del Tormes (Zamora-Salamanca, Spain). The dating performed on five clay samples, with grain size of 0,2-0,4mm and <0,2mm, provides ages from 210 ± 11 to 86,9 ± 4,3 Ma. The interpretation of the results obtained by both geocronological and fault population analysis methods contributed relevant data to ascertain the age of the various palaeostress fields defined in the study area, with maximum horizontal compression oriented E-W and NE-SW.