Person: Muñoz Martín, Alfonso
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First Name
Alfonso
Last Name
Muñoz Martín
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Ciencias Geológicas
Department
Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología
Area
Geodinámica Interna
Identifiers
11 results
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Item Sobre el origen de la asimetría en el patrón general del relieve en el interior de la Península Ibérica: nuevos resultados obtenidos mediante modelación análoga(Geogaceta, 2010) Fernández Lozano, Javier; Sokoutis, Dimitrios; Willingshofer, Ernst; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; De Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo; Cloetingh, SierdAnalogue modelling contributes to the interpretation of lithosphere scale folds in Iberia as a result of largescale convergence during Oligocene-Miocene times between the Iberian and European Plates. Different tectonothermal events affected the microplate since late Paleozoic and resulted in lateral strength variations of the Iberian lithosphere. An old and cold lithosphere, Variscan in age, can be found in the westernmost part of Iberia whereas a relative weak and hot Mesozoic lithosphere affected by episodes of rifting and basin inversion during Mesozoic- Tertiary times covers the area of the Iberian Chain. Our study aims at deciphering whether deformation and topography evolution in Iberia are related to lateral strength variations and/or the inherited structural grain stemming from Variscan deformation. We also have studied the strength of the lithosphere to gain insights into the effects of rheological variations related to local thrusting or primary strength variations along the Iberian lithosphere.Item Quantifying the erosional impact of a continental-scale drainage capture in the Duero Basin, northwest Iberia(Quaternary Research, 2018) Antón López, Loreto; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; De Vicente Muñoz, GerardoFormerly closed drainage basins provide exceptional settings for quantifying fluvial incision and landscape dissection at different time scales. Endorheic basins trap all the sediment eroded within the watershed, which allows estimates of post–basin opening erosion patterns. The Duero Basin was a former closed basin and is presently drained by the Duero River into the Atlantic Ocean. During the Cenozoic, the basin experienced a long endorheic period, marked by the formation of continental carbonates and evaporites. The retrogressive erosion of the Atlantic drainage coming from the Portuguese coast subsequently captured the internal drainage, and significant fluvial dissection occurred. Presently, the basin contains a relatively well-preserved sedimentary fill. Gridding and surface fitting in this paper provide the first attempt to reconstruct the surface of the top of the former endorheic sedimentary sequence to quantify the erosional impact of the basin opening. At least 2251±524 km3 of sediment was removed from the formerly closed basin following the start of exorheism. This volume represents a mean basin-surface lowering of 65±13 m. Erosion estimates and landscape dissection patterns are consistent with geologic evidence of progressive establishment of an outward drainage system.Item Análisis de la estructura alpina de la corteza del centro de la Península Ibérica: Una sección Magneto-Telúrica a través del Sistema Central (Sierra de Gredos)(Geotemas, 2012) Pous, Jaume; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Olaiz Campos, Antonio José; Seillé, H.; De Vicente Muñoz, GerardoWe present a magnetotelluric profile across the Duero basin, the Central System and the Madrid basin, acquired in the framework of the TOPO-IBERIA project. The MT profile consists of 24 magnetotelluric sites over a 200 km, NS oriented profile. Five components were measured with periods ranging from 0.001 s to 500s. The dimensional analysis reveals a dominant E-W direction and 2D joint inversion of apparent resistivity, phases and tipper was carried out. The inverse resistivity model obtained has been compared with other geological and geophysical data, and it shows a resistive and homogeneous crust that extends towards the Duero basin. The main conductive anomalies are elongated and inclined bodies that are related with the main big–scale Alpine thrusts. Other superficial conductive bodies are related with the tertiary sedimentary basins. [RESUMEN]Este trabajo muestra un nuevo perfil magnetotelúrico (MT) a través del la cuenca del Duero, el Sistema central y la Cuenca de Madrid, adquirido dentro del proyecto TopoIberia. El Perfil MT consiste en 24 sondeos a lo largo de 200 km con una orientación NS. En cada sondeo se han medido cinco componentes con periodos de 0.001 a 500 s. El análisis dimensional revela una dirección dominante E-O y se ha realizado una inversión conjunta en 2D de las resistividades aparentes, fases y tipper. El modelo de resistividades obtenido ha sido comparado con otros datos geológicos y geofísicos, y muestra una estructura cortical homogénea y resistiva que se prolonga hacia la cuenca del Duero. En esta corteza aparecen cuerpos conductores inclinados y alargados en profundidad asociados a grandes cabalgamientos alpinos. Otros cuerpos conductores superficiales están claramente relacionados con las cuencas sedimentarias terciariasItem Análisis de la sensibilidad de las estimaciones de la profundidad del basamento en la cuenca de Madrid (España Central)(Geotemas, 2012) Olaiz Campos, Antonio José; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Gascone, L.; De Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo; Mantilla Pimiento, A.The Madrid basin, over 20.000 km2 , located in Central Spain. Its evolution is conditioned by basement uplifts (Central System and Toledo Mountains) during the Alpine orogeny. The Madrid basin is connected with the Loranca basin at its NE corner and with La Mancha basin to the south. Sediment thickness accumulated from Late Cretaceous to the Late Miocene, is about 3.000 m at Pradillo well, but from seismic interpretation, a depocenter associated to Central System South Thrust is inferred. For this study four different methodologies were used(“Euler Deconvolution”, “Source Parameter Imaging”, “Analytic Signal” and “Tilt Depth”), in order to obtain depth to basement estimations from aermagnetic data. These methods work for simplified source geometries, estimating depths as a good starting point for a structural interpretation. In Madrid Basin, this knowledge is important due to the geothermal and hydrological potential of the basin, as well as for CO2 storage. [RESUMEN]La cuenca de Madrid, con un área aproximada de 20.000 km2, se extiende en la zona central de la Península Ibérica. Su evolución está condicionada por el levantamiento del Sistema Central y de los Montes de Toledo durante la orogenia Alpina. La cuenca de Madrid está conectada con las cuencas de Loranca, en su límite NE, y de La Mancha por el sur. El espesor de sedimentos, con registro continuo desde el Cretácico Superior hasta el Mioceno Superior, alcanza los 3000 m en el pozo Pradillo, aunque de la interpretación sísmica se obtiene un depocentro, de mayor profundidad, adosado al cabalgamiento del Borde Sur del Sistema Central . En este trabajo se han seguido distintas metodologías para estimar la profundidad del basamento, a partir de datos aeromagnéticos. Los distintos métodos (“Deconvolucion de Euler”, “Source Parameter Imaging”, “Analytic Signal” y “Tilt Depth”) tienen en común que asumen geometrías sencillas, pero los resultados obtenidos resultan de gran interés para la interpretación estructural del basamento. En el caso de la cuenca de Madrid, este conocimiento es muy importante dado su potencial geotérmico e hidrogeológico, así como un posible uso como almacenamiento geológico.Item Structural Achitecture of the Madrid Basin from 3D Gravity Inversion(Conference Paper. 77th EAGE Conference & Exhibition 2015, 2015) Olaiz, A.J.; Mantilla Pimiento, A.; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; De Vicente Muñoz, GerardoThe Madrid Basin is an intraplate Cenozoic basin located in the central area of the Iberian Peninsula. Basement is characterized by a wide range of lithologies, from meta-sediments to granites. Sedimentary section is associated with a carbonatic platform in Cretaceous time and with continental environments during Tertiary. During the second half of the last century 2D seismic data was acquired and some wells were drilled by several oil & gas companies. Due to the lack of refraction seismic, the geometry of the Moho is not very well-known in the area. This study presents the results of the 3D gravity inversion performed mainly to determine the configuration of the Moho. Also, the geometry of basement has been refined after the inversion. The initial model was constrained by surface geology, 2D seismic and well data. The final 3D model shows significant density variations within the basement and the presence of an intra-basement structure in the Central Iberian System.Item Using river long profiles and geomorphic indices to evaluate the geomorphological signature of continental scale drainage capture, Duero basin (NW Iberia)(Geomorphology, 2013) Antón López, Loreto; De Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Stokes, MartinWell-constrained case studies of transient landscape responses are needed to improve our understanding of erosion processes associated with drainage captures. The Duero basin is an excellent location for such a study because the landscape is currently undergoing pronounced geomorphological changes resulting from the opening of a former closed drainage. The present-day continental interior basin (N50,000 km2) drains to the Atlantic Ocean via the Duero River, but during the Cenozoic the basin experienced a long endorheic period marked by the formation of evaporites. Currently, the entire continental interior is an area of relative tectonic quiescence, characterised by a relict low-relief upland topography (Meseta). Systematic variations in lithology and a well-constrained tectonic setting throughout the basin and adjacent areas allow for the comparison of channel morphology between the Cenozoic Duero basin and its western fringe. To explore the signal of transient geomorphic response to capture and opening of the former endorheic basin, the main channel and 24 tributaries were analysed in terms of their longitudinal profiles and the application of geomorphic indices (concavity index [Ci], valley floorwidth-to-height ratio [Vf], and stream-length gradient index [SL]). The analysis reveals two zones with distinctive morphologies: (1) an upper reach domain consisting of broad flat valleys and low-gradient streams where concave longitudinal profiles dominate and (2) a middle reach domain characterised by steep, deeply incised canyons where a convex long profile dominates marking a major kinckzone. The quantitative information on channel shapes and long profile geometries allows the interpretation of these patterns in terms of driving forces for fluvial landscape development. Large-scale morphometric analysis highlights the transient response of the entire basin to a capture-related base level lowering and illustrates the importance of drainage captures as potential internal drivers of landscape modification and topographic adjustments. Furthermore, the Duero basin case study also emphasises that well-constrained bedrock geology and tectonic patterns are essential to avoid misinterpretation of geomorphic indexes.Item Modelos estructurales de elementos finitos sobre la nucleación de las deformaciones compresivas en la Sierra de Altomira (España Central)(Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España, 1999) Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; De Vicente Muñoz, GerardoEn este trabajo se realizan una serie de modelos estructurales de elementos finitos sobre la geometría en profundidad del cinturón de pliegues y cabalgamientos alpinos de la Sierra de Altomira. El objetivo de estos modelos es comprobar numéricamente la hipótesis de que una geometría en escalón del basamento, asociado a una falla normal, es capaz de nuclear y concentrar las deformaciones de la cobertera situada por encima. La geometría utilizada ha sido un segmento simplificado de un corte geológico equilibrado basado en datos estructurales y geofísicos (gravimetría y perfiles sísmicos de reflexión). Los modelos incluyen tres tipos de materiales: un basamento elástico y resistente indeformado, una cobertera elástica y menos resistente que se desplaza de E a O, y un nivel de despegue poco resistente y al cual se le han supuesto dos tipos de comportamiento mecánico diferentes: a) elástico y b) elástico-plástico. Los dos modelos indican que la presencia del escalón nuclea las deformaciones en la cobertera, concentrando los desplazamientos verticales y los máximos valores de esfuerzo de cizalla. El modelo con nivel de despegue elástico predice una máxima deformación inicial en la cobertera al E de la falla en el basamento. Por el contrario, en el modelo con nivel de despegue elástico-plástico las deformaciones se concentran justo encima del escalón en el basamento, tal y como sugieren los datos geofísicos. Estos resultados amplían y completan el modelo previo (Van Wees, 1994) que asociaba la formación de la Sierra de Altomira con la desaparición de las facies Keuper (Triásico Superior). Lo más probable es que la presencia de la falla en el basamento no sólo controle el espesor de los materiales triásicos y jurásicos, sino también las facies, por lo que ambos factores pueden haber actuado conjuntamente en la nucleación de las deformaciones que dieron lugar a la formación de la Sierra de Altomira.Item Spectral analysis of the gravity and elevation along the western Africa–Eurasia plate tectonic limit: Continental versus oceanic lithospheric folding signals(Tectonophysics, 2010) Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; De Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo; Fernández Lozano, Javier; Cloetingh, Sierd; Willingshofer, Ernst; Sokoutis, Dimitrios; Beekman, FredLarge-scale folding is a key mechanism of lithospheric deformation and has been described in many parts of the Earth, both for the continental and oceanic lithospheres. Some aspects of this process such as the presence of coupling/decoupling between the crustal deformation and the mantle lithosphere, or between different lithospheres, make it necessary to accurately control the periodic characteristics of the elevation and of the gravity signal. 1D spectral analysis of gravity and topography profiles is sensitive to a series of factors: the location, length and orientation of the profiles, as well as the number of samples taken. We carry out a systematic analysis of the periodicities in the topography and gravity, both 1D and 2D, along the western border of the Africa–Eurasia plate tectonic boundary. We analyze the sensitivity of the 1D and 2D spectral analysis in order to compare the results along a plate boundary where oceanic and continental lithospheres are in contact with different tectonic, kinematic and rheological aspects. Our 1D spectral results indicate that the greater the profile length, the longer the wavelength peaks that are found. Nevertheless there are some periodic signals that appear in almost all the analyzed profiles: 100–250 km for the N–S profiles across oceanic plate boundary and 150–250 km where the plate boundary is developed over continental lithospheres. The 2D spectral analysis avoids the problems found in relation to the particular location of the profile but the resulting wavelengths are slightly higher than those obtained from the 1D spectral analysis. The wavelengths estimated for both oceanic and continental lithospheres at the Africa–Eurasia boundary (N250 km) show low values of mean mantle strength (b1013 Pa m). he presence of lithospheric folds means that the continental and oceanic lithospheres are mechanically oupled. This had previously been suggested for Iberia but not for the limit between S Iberia and the Terceira riple Junction. The orientation of the lithospheric folds is NW–SE at the contact between continental lithospheres and NNE–SSW at the contact between oceanic lithospheres. This difference is also reflected in the signal anisotropy and must be related to the rotation of the tectonic stresses in the same direction. A large periodic signal (wavelength N600 km) was also detected both in 1D and 2D spectral results. After drawing the filtered values, the resulting maps indicate that this signal is related to the transition between continental and oceanic lithospheres and to the significant changes in crustal and/or lithospheric thickness from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to the continental margins of western Eurasia.Item La deformación alpina en el Sistema Central Español(Geo-guías, Rutas geológicas por la Península Ibérica, Canarias, Sicilia y Marruecos, 2019) De Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Olaiz, A.J.; Vegas Martínez, Ramón; Antón López, Loreto; Martín Velázquez, Silvia; Giner Robles, Jorge Luis; Rodriguez Pascua, M.A.La idea del origen compresivo del Sistema Central (SC) se debe a Birot y Solé Sabarís (1954) [1], antes del establecimiento del papel que la tectónica de placas juega en el desarrollo de las estructuras intraplaca. Sin embargo, sus observaciones de campo no fueron tenidas en cuenta y, durante mucho tiempo, el SC fue considerado como una estructura extensiva [2]. Los primeros modelos de estructura del SC, en un contexto compresivo intraplaca, fueron propuestos por Vegas y Suriñach (1987) [3], que calcularon un engrosamiento cortical de 5 km, mientras que Warburton y Álvarez (1989) [4] construyeron una sección transversal con el desarrollo de una tectónica de piel fina asociada a un detachment intracortical proveniente de las Béticas y con un acortamiento asociado de 50 km. Esta idea fue también propuesta con menos detalle para el sector portugués, pero en relación a un estilo tectónico de piel gruesa y un acortamiento menor [5]. No obstante, estos trabajos carecían de observaciones de campo. En concreto, la sección de Warburton y Álvarez adolece de numerosas inconsistencias. El estilo tectónico propuesto durante la celebración de la III reunión de la Comisión de Tectónica de la SGE, que es el que se tiene en cuenta hoy en día, fue el de una tectónica de piel gruesa, sin despegues en la cobertera, con la formación de cabalgamientos imbricados de piel fina con implicación del basamento y pop ups dentro del basamento varisco de direcciones NE-SO a E-O. El acortamiento asociado se calculó en un 14% (20 km) [6, 7].Item Mapa de esfuerzos activos en línea de la Península Ibérica a partir de Mecanismos Focales calculados desde el Tensor de Momento Sísmico(Geotemas, 2012) Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; De Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo; Olaiz Campos, Antonio José; Antón López, Loreto; Vegas Martínez, Ramón; Granja Bruña, José LuisThis work shows a new on-line stress map for Iberian Peninsula obtained from the inversion of earthquakes focal mechanisms calculated with the centroid moment tensor. An amount of 299 focal mechanisms have been selected with several quality criteria from different catalogues (CMT Harvard, ETH, Med-Net, I.G.N. and I.A.G.) from 1973 to January 2012. Values for the maximum horizontal stress and the shape factor of the ellipsoid (horizontal/vertical stress) have been calculated following De Vicente et al. (2008).. The local results have been interpolated to a 10’ regular grid in which the relation between tectonic horizontal stress and vertical load has been taken into account. The final map shows a good correlation with the primary tectonic forces generated in the plate boundaries and the local perturbations related with main crustal heterogeneities. Both the maps and data are free for download from http://www.ucm.es/info/lta/lta.html Applied Tectonophysics Group WebSite). [RESUMEN]Este trabajo muestra el nuevo mapa en línea de esfuerzos activos para la Península Ibérica obtenido a partir de la inversión de mecanismos focales de terremotos (MF) calculados con Tensor de Momento Sísmico (TMS). Un total de 299 MF han sido seleccionados con varios criterios de calidad de diferentes catálogos (CMT Harvard, ETH, Med-Net, I.G.N. e I.A.G.), para un periodo comprendido entre 1973 y enero de 2012 y profundidades menores de 60 km. Los valores de la dirección de máximo acortamiento horizontal (Dey) y el factor de forma (carga horizontal/vertical) han sido calculados siguiendo a De Vicente et al. (2008). Los resultados obtenidos se han interpolado a una malla regular de 10’, teniendo en cuenta las orientaciones de las componentes horizontales de esfuerzo, y el factor de forma. Los mapas finales muestran una buena correlación con indicadores geológicos y cinemáticos. Las orientaciones de los esfuerzos horizontales se relacionan con las fuerzas primarias provenientes de los límites de placas, y con perturbaciones locales relacionadas con heterogeneidades de primer orden a nivel cortical. Tanto los mapas, como los datos procesados son accesibles a través de la Web del Grupo de Tectonofísica Aplicada de la UCM http://www.ucm.es/info/lta/lta.html.