Person:
Muñoz Martín, Alfonso

First Name

Alfonso

Last Name

Muñoz Martín

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/75220

Affiliation

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Faculty / Institute

Ciencias Geológicas

Department

Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología

Area

Geodinámica Interna

Identifiers

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 14

Cuantificación del acortamiento alpino y estructura en profundidad del extremo sur-occidental de la Cordillera Ibérica (sierras de Altomira y Bascuñana)
(Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España, 1998) Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo De
En este trabajo se describe la estructura en profundidad del extremo sur-occidental de la Cordillera Ibérica, a partir de la integración de datos estructurales, sísmicos y gravimétricos. Estos datos han permitido la construcción de dos mapas de isobatas, uno para el techo del basamento, y otro para el techo del Cretácico superior, así como la construcción de seis cortes geológicos equilibrados transversales a las principales estructuras de la cobertera. La estructura del basamento está definida, fundamentalmente, por fallas normales que controlan el espesor de las unidades sedimentarias mesozoicas. Se han distinguido tres bloques separados por importantes zonas de fractura: el bloque de la Cuenca de Madrid, de naturaleza granítico-gneísica, y muy poco fracturado, el bloque de Valdeolivas, compuesto por sedimentos metamórficos paleozoicos y una densidad de fracturación moderada, y el bloque de Cuenca, de composición heterogénea y elevada densidad de fracturación. La cobertera se encuentra despegada del basamento a favor de las facies plásticas del Triásico superior, siendo las estructuras dominantes los cabalgamientos y pliegues asociados, limitados lateralmente por zonas de transferencia. La localización de los cabalgamientos y de las zonas de transferencia en la cobertera está claramente asociada a la presencia de fallas normales en el basamento. El grado de acortamiento alpino calculado en la cobertera presenta una distribución espacial bien definida: el acortamiento es máximo (16 Km) en el sector central de la Sierra de Altomira, decreciendo hasta desaparecer hacia el N. Desde la zona de falla de Tarancón hacia el S, las estructuras compresivas N-S se amortiguan y se superponen a las de orientación NO-SE, desarrolladas anteriormente.
Local stress fields and intraplate deformation of Iberia: variations in spatial and temporal interplay of regional stress sources
(Tectonophysics, 1999) Andeweg, Bernd; Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo De; Cloetingh, Sierd; Giner Robles, Jorge Luis; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso
Tertiary to present deformation in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula reflects spatial and temporal variations of the activity of the plate boundaries. Local deformation patterns observed in many of the numerous intraplate Tertiary basins and their borders, such as the Madrid Basin and the Sierra de Altomira, are at first sight incompatible with the regional stress field under which they were formed. We demonstrate, however, that they can be explained as the effect of several stress fields that acted on the Iberian Peninsula from earliest Tertiary onward. Data on local deformation can constrain both magnitudes and directions of forces acting on the plate boundaries of Iberia, enabling us to estimate the relative importance of the different plate driving and deforming mechanisms providing further constraints on the tectonic evolution of Iberia.
Características de los tensores de esfuerzos activos entre la Dorsal Centroatlántica y la Península Ibérica
(Geotemas, 2000) Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo De; Martín Velázquez, Silvia; Rodríguez Pascua, Miguel Angel; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Arcila, M.; Andeweg, Bernd
The orientation of the principal stresses and the principal stress difference ratio has been determined along the southwestern boundary of the Euroasiatic plate with Northamerican and African plates by inversion method of focal mechanisms of earthquakes. The ridge push (30~ to 65Q N) ranges from E-W to ESE-WSW, with R values that show a triaxial extensional stress. The state of stress changes to strike-slip regime in the transform fault zones, and the Shmax strike turns clockwise to NW in the dextral strike-slip faults and counterclockwise to the NE in the sinistral ones. Along the margin between the Euroasiatic-African plates, from the Azores triple junction to Algeria, Shmax keeps a constant NW-SE strike but the stress ratio values range from triaxial extensional stress state, to the West, to uniaxial compresive stress state, to the East, passing through a strike-slip regime in the middle zone. In this context and with a widely NWSE Shmax, strike-slip and extensional stresses prevail in most Iberian peninsula, whereas southwards it is dominated by uniaxial compresive stresses.
Marco geotectónico para el noroeste de Sur América y Sur de Centro América
(Geotemas, 2000) Arcila, M.; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo De
Due to the convergence of four major plates (Nazca, South America, Cocos and Caribbean) with a group of minor blocks between Central and South America region, it is a tectonic complex area. These small plates have different relative movements respect to the main Plates. Since 1969 a group of tectonic models including different plate borders and kinematic relationships have been proposed. Nowadays there are several databases with homogeneous quality including seismicity, topography, CPS and magnetic anomalies. These databases allow building a new geotectonic model by means of the integration of all o f them. We have analyzed the topography, seismicity, actual stress regimes and plate kinematics in order to propose a new geotectonic model at the south of Central America and the northwester of South America.
Características de los tensores de esfuerzos activos entre la Dorsal Centroatlántica y la Península Ibérica.
(Geotemas, 2000) Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo De; Martín Velázquez, Silvia; Rodríguez Pascua, Miguel Angel; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Arcila, M.; Andeweg, Bernd
The orientation of the principal stresses and the principal stress difference ratio has been determined along the southwestern boundary of the Euroasiatic plate with Northamerican and African plates by inversion method of focal mechanisms of earthquakes. The ridge push (30~ to 65Q N) ranges from E-W to ESE-WSW, with R values that show a triaxial extensional stress. The state of stress changes to strike-slip regime in the transform fault zones, and the Shmax strike turns clockwise to NW in the dextral strike-slip faults and counterclockwise to the NE in the sinistral ones. Along the margin between the Euroasiatic-African plates, from the Azores triple junction to Algeria, Shmax keeps a constant NW-SE strike but the stress ratio values range from triaxial extensional stress state, to the West, to uniaxial compresive stress state, to the East, passing through a strike-slip regime in the middle zone. In this context and with a widely NWSE Shmax, strike-slip and extensional stresses prevail in most Iberian peninsula, whereas southwards it is dominated by uniaxial compresive stresses.
Origen y relación entre las deformaciones y esfuerzos alpinos en la zona centro-oriental de la Península Ibérica
(Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España, 1998) Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo De
En este trabajo se realiza una correlación entre los principales datos estructurales, cinemáticos, paleogeográficos, y de resultados de modelos de elementos finitos obtenidos en el borde oriental de la Cuenca del Tajo, con numerosos trabajos previos realizados por otros autores. La integración de estas fuentes de información ha permitido establecer una evolución conjunta para el sector centro-oriental de la placa Ibérica en dos episodios principales: a) El primero está relacionado con una fuerte actividad en el margen N de la placa Ibérica, desde los 5 1 Ma hasta los 38 Ma (Eoceno inferior - Oligoceno inferior), en la que se produciría la estructuración Pirenaica principal. Durante este periodo se desarrollarían, relacionados con el antepaís pirenaico, los siguientes cinturones de deformación bajo un campo de esfuerzos general NNE-SSO a NE-SO: la Rama Aragonesa de la Cordillera Ibérica y el sector meridional de la Sierra de Altomira y, en menor medida, la Rama Castellana de la Cordillera Ibérica y el Sistema Central. Durante el Oligoceno superior- Mioceno inferior (entre los 38 Ma y los 24 Ma) se desarrolló una etapa intermedia con actividad tectónica simultánea en los márgenes N y S de la placa Ibérica. Asociada a esta etapa se desarrolló un campo de paleoesfuerzos local compresivo E-O en la zona de antepaís común de los Pirineos y las Béticas, responsable de la estructuración principal de los sectores central y septentrional de la Sierra de Altomira. La Sierra de Altomira se interpreta como un escape o extrusión de la cobertera hacia el O, favorecido por la presencia de niveles incompetentes del Triásico superior. En este periodo comienzó también el desarrollo de la actividad extensiva en el borde oriental de la península en relación a la apertura del Golfo de Valencia. b) Finalmente, durante el Mioceno medio - actualidad, se desarrolla una mayor actividad en el margen S de la placa Ibérica (estructuración de las Cordilleras Béticas), si bien permanece una cierta actividad en el margen N, como lo demuestra la presencia de sismicidad moderada a lo largo del margen Cantábrico-Pirenaico. Durante este periodo se desarrollaron una serie de deformaciones intraplaca en el antepaís Bético bajo un campo de esfuerzos regional NO-SE: El Sistema Central y la Rama Castellana de la Cordillera Ibérica. Este proceso aparece complicado por dos procesos tectónicos que generaron extensión: 1) Al este en relación a los procesos de rifting del Golfo de Valencia, y al oeste de la Cordillera Ibérica, y a partir del Mioceno superior, en relación a flexiones corticales NE-SO transversales a la dirección regional de σ HMAX. [ABSTRACT] A correlation amongst macro and mesostructural analysis results, kinematic and paleogeographic data, paleostresses and finite element models results has been established in the eastern border of the Tajo Basin. This comparison allows us to establish an evolutionary pattern for the central part of the Iberian plate in two main episodes: a) The first one was related to a strong tectonic activity in the northern border of the Iberian plate during the Lower Eocene to the Upper Oligocene (Pirenees uplift). In this period, the following intraplate chains were formed in the Pyrenees foreland under a regional NNE-SSO compressive stress field: the Aragonian Branch of the Iberian Range and the southern part of the Altomira Range, and to a lesser extent, the Castillian Branch of the Iberian Range and the Spanish Central System. During the Upper Oligocene and Lower Miocene a transition between the two main episodes, with tectonic activity in both borders of the Iberian plate (Pyrenees and Betics), took place. Related to this episode a E-O local compressive stress field is developed in the eastern border of the Tajo Basin (Altomira Stress field). This stress field generated a N-S fold and thrust belt west verging that affected the Mesozoic cover. Thus, the Altomira Range is interpreted as a cover extrusion westwards in a regional N-S compression supported by the presence of evaporitic Upper Triassic rocks and the presence of normal basement faults. During this period extension processes in the eastern border of the Iberian plate began associated with the opening of the Valencia Through. b) Finally, from Middle Miocene to Present the main tectonic activity has been developed in the southern border of the Iberian Plate (Betics). However, sorne tectonic activity remained in the northern border of the Iberian plate as it is shown by sorne moderate seismic activity along the Pyrenees and the Cantabrian margino In this period sorne intraplate deformations were developed in the Betic foreland under a NW-SE regional stress field: Spanish Central System and the Castillian Branch of the Iberian Range. This main sketch is complicated by two different extensional processes: 1) doming related to opening of the Valencia Trough, and 2) superficial extension along NE-SO litospheric folding formed perpendicular to the regional Valencia Through. b) Finally, from Middle Miocene to Present the main tectonic activity has been developed in the southern border of the Iberian Plate (Betics). However, sorne tectonic activity remained in the northern border of the Iberian plate as it is shown by sorne moderate seismic activity along the Pyrenees and the Cantabrian margino In this period sorne intraplate deformations were developed in the Betic foreland under a NW-SE regional stress field: Spanish Central System and the Castillian Branch of the Iberian Range. This main sketch is complicated by two different extensional processes: 1) doming related to opening of the Valencia Trough, and 2) superficial extension along NE-SO litospheric folding formed perpendicular to the regional σHMAX.
Dimensión fractal de la distribución espacial de fracturas en el área granítica de el Berrocal (Sistema Central): relación con el tensor de esfuerzos
(Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España, 2000) Pérez López, Raúl; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Elorza Tenreiro, Francisco Javier; Paredes Bartolomé, Carlos; Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo De
En este trabajo se ha realizado un análisis del patrón de fracturación en el macizo granítico de El Berrocal mediante un análisis fractal a tres escalas diferentes (1:2.000, 1:10.000 y 1:500.000). El análisis se realizó en primer término para todo el conjunto de fracturas cartografiadas, y posteriormente con los mapas de fracturas filtrados mediante criterios dinámicos (sólo con las fracturas potencialmente activas bajo uno de los dos campos de paleoesfuerzos deducidos). La técnica empleada en el cálculo de la dimensión fractal fue el conteo binario de celdas bidimensional (box-counting 2-D) Y unidimensional (box-counting 1-D). Con esta última técnica se ha obtenido la variación de dimensión fractal con la orientación del perfil de fracturación analizado, que evidencia la existencia de una anisotropía fractal espacial de la fracturación en el caso de los mapas de fracturas asociados a los campos de paleoesfuerzos. La variación anisótropa de la fracturación muestra una dirección de máxima complejidad en el espaciado entre fracturas, reflejada en el valor máximo de dimensión fractal que es perpendicular a la orientación del máximo esfuerzo horizontal (σHmax). Por lo que respecta a las magnitudes de la dimensión fractal, ésta es mayor en el campo de paleoesfuerzos más reciente (Alpino), lo cual concuerda con que este campo de esfuerzos reactiva fallas previas y forma nuevas fallas, resultando un patrón de fracturación más complejo, y por tanto con mayor dimensión fractal. [ABSTRACT] A fractal analysis of fracture spatial patterns was carried out in the granitic massif of "El Berrocal" for three structural map scales (1:2.000, 1:10.000 and 1:500.000). At first, the total fracture map was analysed on each scale, and a second step, the dynarnic fracture maps were built and analysed by filtering of active faults due to two stress fields. The technique used to obtain the fractal dimension was the "box-counting" l-D and 2-D (one dimension and two dimension). The "box-counting l-D" technique has been used to take values of the fractal dimension related to the orientation of the measurements. One fractal anisotropy was showed in dynamic fracture maps associated to palaeostress fields, as the maximum value of fractal dimensiono A good relationship has been found between σHmax strike (maximum horizontal stress) and the orientation of the fracturing profiles for the maximum fractal dimension value. First results point to SHmax strike is perpendicular with the maximum complexity orientation. The larger value of fractal dimension in fracture dynarnic map due to recent stress field (Alpine) is agree with the fact that, this stress field activates old faults and generates new faults, and it shows a more complex fracture pattern.
Determination of present-day stress tensor and neotectonic interval in the Spanish Central System and Madrid Basin, central Spain
(Tectonophysics, 1996) Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo De; Giner Robles, Jorge Luis; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; González Casado, José Manuel; Lindo, Rubén
A brittle deformation tectonic analysis was performed in central Spain (Spanish Central System and Madrid Basin) in order to decipher and understand the deformation processes that take place in a typical intracontinental zone. 1174 fault slickensides obtained in materials with ages between Late Cretaceous and Quaternary have been analyzed by means of fault population analysis methods to reconstruct paleostress tensors. Nine earthquake focal mechanisms have been determined, with magnitudes ranging between 3 and 4.1. With regard to regional structural features and sedimentary record data, the characteristics of present-day and neotectonic stress fields have been figured out, which determine the neotectonic period for this region. Thus, we have established that the intraplate zone represented by central Spain has been subjected to a stress field from the Middle Miocene until the present-day with a largest horizontal shortening direction (SHMAX) located between N130E and N160E. Finally, three paleostress maps with the main active structures are presented for: (a) Middle Miocene to Late Miocene, the period when the Spanish Central System was mainly formed, (b) Late Miocene to Quaternary, and (c) the present-day stress field, deduced from earthquake focal mechanisms.
Análisis tensorial de la deformación superpuesta en el límite oriental de la cuenca de Madrid
(Cadernos do Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe, 1994) Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo De; González Casado, José Manuel
An analysis of Neogene brittle deformation using fault population analysis methods has been carried out between the SW border of the Iberian Range and Altomira Range. Two main paleostress fields have been established: 1) N70E - N120E compression (Altomira paleostress field) ofLate Oligocene - Early Miocene age that induced the formation of the SW border of Iberian Range and Altomira - Pareja thrust belts with reverse and strike-slip faults. 2) N140-N160E compression (Guadarrama paleostress field) of Middle Aragonian - early Pleistocene age that reactivated previous faults with strikeslip movement along the Iberian Range. A superposition of two regional stress fields (Iberian and Guadarrama) is proposed to explain E-W compression that formed Altomira Range. Stress tensorial additions have been realized to check this hypothesis.
Evolución y estructuras alpinas en la zona del centro peninsular
(Cuadernos do Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe, 1994) Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo De; González Casado, J.M.; Calvo Sorando, José Pedro; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Giner Robles, Jorge Luis; Rodríguez Pascua, M.A.
In this paper we propose a model of tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the Spanish Central System, Toledo Mountains, Iberian - Altomira Ranges and Madrid Basin during the CenozoiCo This model hase been established from the analysis of: balanced cross sections, macro and microstructural data (analysis of brittle deformation) and the sedimentary record of Madrid Basin. These structural units, have been evolved during the Neogene, under the stress fields transmitted from the active Iberian Plate borders, the Betic and the Pyrenees. The superposition of these two regional stress tensors produces locally the «Altomira» stress field. The evolution and superposition of these regional stress fields is a gradual and long term process.