Person:
Muñoz Martín, Alfonso

First Name

Alfonso

Last Name

Muñoz Martín

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/75220

Affiliation

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Faculty / Institute

Ciencias Geológicas

Department

Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología

Area

Geodinámica Interna

Identifiers

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 78

Análisis integrado de la topografía y anomalías graviméticas en modelación análoga: un modelo de evolución del relieve en la Península Ibérica
(Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España, 2011) Fernández-Lozano, Javier; Sokoutis, Dimitrios; Willingshofer, Erns; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo de; Cloetingh1, Sierd
El análisis integrado de la topografía y las anomalías gravimétricas en la Península Ibérica invoca a la presencia de grandes pliegues que afectan a toda la litosfera como precursores de los relieves E-O a NE-SO que se distribuyen por el Macizo Varisco, así como a un mecanismo de engrosamiento cortical nucleado a partir de fallas Tardi-Variscas, como origen del relieve del este peninsular (Cadena Ibérica-Costero Catalana), con patrones dominantes E-O, NE-SO y NO-SE. El modo de deformación, así como el estilo, dependen tanto de las propiedades reológicas iniciales de una litosfera a otra (litosfera resistente Varisca hacia el oeste peninsular/litosfera débil y caliente resultado de la extensión Mesozoica hacia el este) como a los accidentes tectónicos pre-existentes. Presentamos una nueva metodología aplicada a la modelación análoga, basada en el estudio del espectro de las anomalías gravimétricas y la topografía que nos han permitido inferir los procesos responsables de la asimetría en el patrón del relieve intra-placa de la Península Ibérica. A su vez, nuestros resultados arrojan luz sobre los mecanismos generadores del relieve en zonas de intra-placa donde la escasez o falta de resolución de los perfiles sísmicos y geomagnéticos impide la interpretación de la parte más profunda de la litosfera como Asia Central o los Atlas del norte de África.
Morphostructure at the junction between the Beata ridge and the Greater Antilles island arc (offshore Hispaniola southern slope)
(Tectonophysics, 2014) Granja Bruña, José Luis; Carbó Gorosabel, Andrés; Llanes Estrada, Pilar; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso
Oblique convergence between the Caribbean plate's interior and the inactive Greater Antilles island arc has resultedin the collision and impingement of the thickened crust of theBeata ridge into southern Hispaniola Island. Deformation resulting from this convergence changes from a low-angle southward-verging thrust south of easternHispaniola, to collision and uplift in south-central Hispaniola, and to left-lateral transpression along theSouthern peninsula of Haiti in western Hispaniola. Using new swath bathymetry and a dense seismic reflectiongrid, we mapped the morphological, structural and sedimentological Elements of offshore southern Hispaniola.We have identified four morphotectonic provinces: the Dominican sub-basin, the Muertos margin, the Beataridge and the Haiti sub-basin. The lower slope of the Muertos margin is occupied by the active Muertos thrustbelt, which includes several active out-of-sequence thrust faults that, were they to rupture along their entirelength, could generate large-magnitude earthquakes. The interaction of the thrust beltwith the Beata ridge yieldsa huge recess and the imbricate system disappears. The upper slope of the Muertos margin shows hick slopedepositswhere the extensional tectonics and slumping processes predominate. The northern Beata ridge consistsof an asymmetrically uplifted and faulted block of oceanic crust. Our results suggest that the shallower structureand morphology of the northern Beata ridge can be mainly explained by a mechanism of extensional unloadingfrom the Upper Cretaceous onward that is still active residually along the summit of the ridge. The tectonicmodels for the northern Beata ridge involving active reverse strike–slip faults and transpression caused by theoblique convergence between the Beata ridge and the island arc are not supported by the structural interpretation.The eastern Bahoruco slope an old normal fault that acts as a passive tear fault accommodating the sharpalong-strike transition from low-angle thrusting to collision and uplifting.
Glacial geomorphology of the High Gredos Massif: Gredos and Pinar valleys (Iberian Central System, Spain)
(Journal of Maps, 2020) Carrasco González, Rosa María; Soteres, Rodrigo L.; De Pedraza Gilsanz, Javier; Fernandez-Lozano, Javier; Turu, Valentí; López-Sáez, Jose Antonio; Karampaglidis, Theodoros; Granja Bruña, José Luis; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso
We present a detailed geomorphological map of the landform assemblages originated by the two major paleoglaciers of the Sierra de Gredos mountain range in the Spanish Iberian Central System. Based on previous works, our map focused on the features formed by Gredos and Pinar paleoglaciers during the last glaciation and subsequent glacial events. Based on a remote sensing analysis and exhaustive field surveys, we identified with great accuracy the local distribution of glacial, periglacial, mass movement, structural, fluvial, and lacustrine features. We recognized three main glacial geomorphological formations representing: (i) the maximum glacial extension reached (peripheral deposits); (ii) the culmination of glacial conditions (principal moraines) and (iii) the local glacial withdrawal (internal deposits). Our map offers a renewed spatial framework on which to conduct higher-resolution glacial chronologies, especially of Late Glacial and Holocene glacial activity, providing key information for performing future paleoclimatic reconstructions of the northern hemisphere mid-latitudes.
3D Spatial Distribution of Arsenic in an Abandoned Mining Area: A Combined Geophysical and Geochemical Approach
(Minerals, 2020) Ruiz Roso, Jesús; García Lorenzo, Mari Luz; Castiñeiras García, Pedro; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Crespo Feo, Elena
Abandoned mine wastes, containing high sulfide contents, are of particular concern because of the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD), becoming an active and harmful point source of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) to the environment. A detailed evaluation of the chemical and mineralogical composition of mining wastes is necessary to determine effective remediation actions. Due to the high amount of generated wastes as a result of mining and processing activities, the cost and time consumed for this characterization are limiting. Hence, efficient tools could be applied to predict the composition of these wastes and their spatial distribution. This study aims to determine the physico-chemical characterization of wastes from mining activities using geochemical and geophysical techniques. The obtained results, both geochemical and geophysical, allow us to locate areas with a high potential risk of contamination by As in an economic and simple way, and enable us to design detailed geochemical sampling campaigns. In addition, the fact that there are conductive fractures in depth suggests the possible circulation of contaminants through them as well as the preferential lines of circulation.
Sobre el origen de la asimetría en el patrón general del relieve en el interior de la Península Ibérica: nuevos resultados obtenidos mediante modelación análoga
(Geogaceta, 2010) Fernández Lozano, Javier; Sokoutis, Dimitrios; Willingshofer, Ernst; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; De Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo; Cloetingh, Sierd
Analogue modelling contributes to the interpretation of lithosphere scale folds in Iberia as a result of largescale convergence during Oligocene-Miocene times between the Iberian and European Plates. Different tectonothermal events affected the microplate since late Paleozoic and resulted in lateral strength variations of the Iberian lithosphere. An old and cold lithosphere, Variscan in age, can be found in the westernmost part of Iberia whereas a relative weak and hot Mesozoic lithosphere affected by episodes of rifting and basin inversion during Mesozoic- Tertiary times covers the area of the Iberian Chain. Our study aims at deciphering whether deformation and topography evolution in Iberia are related to lateral strength variations and/or the inherited structural grain stemming from Variscan deformation. We also have studied the strength of the lithosphere to gain insights into the effects of rheological variations related to local thrusting or primary strength variations along the Iberian lithosphere.
Caracterización geofísica y mineralógica de las formaciones superficiales de la Cuenca del río Loa (desierto de Atacama, Chile)
(Geotemas, 2016) Sanjuan, Nieves; López Andrés, Sol; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso
Durante 2015 tuvo lugar una exploración geotécnica y geofísica en el desierto de Atacama (Chile) para el diseño de una planta solar fotovoltaica. Los datos de resistividad obtenidos en la Fm. El Batea resultaron extremadamente elevados (107Ω•m), por lo que se llevó a cabo un muestreo de las unidades geológicas presentes para su estudio mineralógico mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX). La composición mineral de la Fm. El Batea muestra una casi total ausencia de humedad y una muy baja porosidad. Estos factores producen que la componente electrolítica en esta formación sea casi despreciable, y su comportamiento eléctrico coincide con la conductividad de sus fases minerales casi en estado puro. Estas características se deben a las extremas condiciones ambientales en el desierto de Atacama. La formación El Batea ha supuesto una barrera a la evapotranspiración, siendo los valores de resistividad de la formación infrayacente prácticamente normales (103-104Ω•m).
Aplicación del método de resistividades con SEV para la caracterización hidrogeológica de la cuenca de Dajla (Argelia)
(Geogaceta, 2010) Torres López, Sara; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Jiménez Díaz, Alberto; Ahmed, Baba; De lorenzo, Javier; García López, Cristina; Olaiz Campos, Antonio José
The aim of this study is the hydrogeological exploration and characterization using Geophisical surveying in the vicinity of Dakhla Basin (Algeria). To that end, it has been used the method of resistivities through Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) on a campaign carried out in April 2009. The work included 19 VES, which have been calibrated with existing wells and with field geological observations. The results have allowed the characterization of Tertiary deposits as well as Ordovician sandstones. With these data, it has been possible to identify the position and thickness of a shallow salty aquifer, and the roof of a deep freshwater aquifer developed on the Ordovician sandstones. The integration of the geometry of the aquifers with the resistivity values obtained in the Ordovician sandstones has allowed the location of a favorable area for the situation of a new well.
La deformación alpina en el Sistema Central Español
(Geo-guías, Rutas geológicas por la Península Ibérica, Canarias, Sicilia y Marruecos, 2019) De Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Olaiz, A.J.; Vegas, Ramón; Antón López, Loreto; Martín Velázquez, Silvia; Giner Robles, J.; Rodriguez Pascua, M.A.
La idea del origen compresivo del Sistema Central (SC) se debe a Birot y Solé Sabarís (1954) [1], antes del establecimiento del papel que la tectónica de placas juega en el desarrollo de las estructuras intraplaca. Sin embargo, sus observaciones de campo no fueron tenidas en cuenta y, durante mucho tiempo, el SC fue considerado como una estructura extensiva [2]. Los primeros modelos de estructura del SC, en un contexto compresivo intraplaca, fueron propuestos por Vegas y Suriñach (1987) [3], que calcularon un engrosamiento cortical de 5 km, mientras que Warburton y Álvarez (1989) [4] construyeron una sección transversal con el desarrollo de una tectónica de piel fina asociada a un detachment intracortical proveniente de las Béticas y con un acortamiento asociado de 50 km. Esta idea fue también propuesta con menos detalle para el sector portugués, pero en relación a un estilo tectónico de piel gruesa y un acortamiento menor [5]. No obstante, estos trabajos carecían de observaciones de campo. En concreto, la sección de Warburton y Álvarez adolece de numerosas inconsistencias. El estilo tectónico propuesto durante la celebración de la III reunión de la Comisión de Tectónica de la SGE, que es el que se tiene en cuenta hoy en día, fue el de una tectónica de piel gruesa, sin despegues en la cobertera, con la formación de cabalgamientos imbricados de piel fina con implicación del basamento y pop ups dentro del basamento varisco de direcciones NE-SO a E-O. El acortamiento asociado se calculó en un 14% (20 km) [6, 7].
Quantifying the erosional impact of a continental-scale drainage capture in the Duero Basin, northwest Iberia
(Quaternary Research, 2018) Antón López, Loreto; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; De Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo
Formerly closed drainage basins provide exceptional settings for quantifying fluvial incision and landscape dissection at different time scales. Endorheic basins trap all the sediment eroded within the watershed, which allows estimates of post–basin opening erosion patterns. The Duero Basin was a former closed basin and is presently drained by the Duero River into the Atlantic Ocean. During the Cenozoic, the basin experienced a long endorheic period, marked by the formation of continental carbonates and evaporites. The retrogressive erosion of the Atlantic drainage coming from the Portuguese coast subsequently captured the internal drainage, and significant fluvial dissection occurred. Presently, the basin contains a relatively well-preserved sedimentary fill. Gridding and surface fitting in this paper provide the first attempt to reconstruct the surface of the top of the former endorheic sedimentary sequence to quantify the erosional impact of the basin opening. At least 2251±524 km3 of sediment was removed from the formerly closed basin following the start of exorheism. This volume represents a mean basin-surface lowering of 65±13 m. Erosion estimates and landscape dissection patterns are consistent with geologic evidence of progressive establishment of an outward drainage system.
The Madrid Basin and the Central System: A tectonostratigraphic analysis from 2D seismic lines
(Tectonophysics, 2013) Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo de; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso
Data from deep boreholes, seismic surveys, and surface geology are used to reconstruct the sedimentary infilling of the Cenozoic Madrid Basin. Eight main depositional sequences and seismic units are recognised. From the Paleogene, the latter four of these sedimentary sequences were deposited in a continental environment, under the influence of tectonic activity in the Central System, the Toledo Mountains, the Iberian Chain, and the Sierra de Altomira. The sedimentary infill shows an overall coarsening-upward trend from upper Cretaceous formations to syn-tectonic conglomerate deposits, followed by a fining-upward sequence and moderate reactivation of some faults during the late Miocene–Pliocene. The syn-tectonic sediments are Oligocene–early Miocene in age. The foredeep is oriented northeast–southwest and shows a sediment thickness of up to 3800 m in areas close to the Central System. Several types of tectonic structures are recognised, including imbricate thrust systems, thrust triangle zones, fault-propagation folds, back-thrust systems, and pop-up structures. The frontal thrusts were subjected to significant erosion, and late Miocene sediments onlap the anticlines of the onshore foreland. NW–SE-trending positive flower structures have been recognised in the eastern part of the basin. The total northwest–southeast shortening across the contact between the Madrid Basin and the Central System is approximately 5 km, of which 2–3 km occurred across the Southern Border Thrust. The simultaneous basement uplift of the Central System and the tectonic escape of the Sierra de Altomira have been interpreted as a consequence of constrictive deformation within the “Pyrenean” foreland of the Iberian microplate.