Person:
Barroso Arévalo, Sandra

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First Name
Sandra
Last Name
Barroso Arévalo
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/80487
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Veterinaria
Department
Sanidad Animal
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2023 - 20243
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Author: Sánchez Morales, Lidia × Subject: 636.09 ×

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Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Neuropathological lesions in intravenous BCG-stimulated K18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2
    (Veterinary Research, 2024) Sánchez Morales, Lidia; Porras González, Néstor; García-Seco Romero, María Teresa; Pérez Sancho, Marta; Cruz López, Fátima; Chinchilla Rodríguez, Blanca; Barroso Arévalo, Sandra; Díaz Frutos, Marta; Buendía Andrés, Aránzazu; Moreno, Inmaculada; Briones Dieste, Víctor; Risalde, María A.; De la Fuente, José; Juste, Ramón; Garrido, Joseba; Balseiro, Ana; Gortázar, Christian; Rodríguez Bertos, Antonio Manuel; Domínguez, Mercedes; Domínguez Rodríguez, Lucas José
    In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, questions emerged about the potential effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the neurodegenerative diseases it may contribute to. To explore this, an experimental study was carried out in BCG-stimulated and non-stimulated k18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2. Viral loads in tissues determined by RT-qPCR, histopathology in brain and lungs, immunohistochemical study in brain (IHC) as well as mortality rates, clinical signs and plasma inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers were assessed. Our results showed BCG-SARS-CoV-2 challenged mice presented higher viral loads in the brain and an increased frequency of neuroinvasion, with the greatest differences observed between groups at 3–4 days post-infection (dpi). Histopathological examination showed a higher severity of brain lesions in BCG-SARS-CoV-2 challenged mice, mainly consisting of neuroinflammation, increased glial cell population and neuronal degeneration, from 5 dpi onwards. This group also presented higher interstitial pneumonia and vascular thrombosis in lungs (3–4 dpi), BCG-SARS-CoV-2 mice showed higher values for TNF-α and D-dimer values, while iNOS values were higher in SARS-CoV-2 mice at 3–4 dpi. Results presented in this study indicate that BCG stimulation could have intensified the inflammatory and neurodegenerative lesions promoting virus neuroinvasion and dissemination in this experimental model. Although k18-hACE2 mice show higher hACE2 expression and neurodissemination, this study suggests that, although the benefits of BCG on enhancing heterologous protection against pathogens and tumour cells have been broadly demonstrated, potential adverse outcomes due to the non-specific effects of BCG should be considered.
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    A retrospective study of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in dogs and cats in the Community of Madrid, Spain
    (Frontiers in Microbiology, 2023) Sánchez Morales, Lidia; Sánchez-Vizcaíno Rodríguez, José Manuel; Domínguez Rodríguez, Lucas José; Barroso Arévalo, Sandra
    To date, susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in domestic animals including cats and dogs has been described. However, it is important to carry out passive surveillance of these animals to be aware of any changes in the outcomes of the disease in these species that may occur. In this study, we have performed a retrospective study in which we analyzed sera (n = 1,640) from random animals: dogs (n = 1,381) and cats (n = 259) belonging to both homes (n = 1,533) and animal protection centers (n = 107) in the Community of Madrid, Spain. Neutralizing antibodies were evaluated between November 2021 and May 2022 using a surrogate ELISA kit to determine the seroprevalence. Based on the results obtained, a few animals (both cats and dogs) presented neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 (2.3%), all of them from private owners. However, the seroprevalence in cats (4.6%) resulted to be almost twice as much as in dogs (1.9%) which reinforces that cats’ susceptibility to the infection seems higher than in the case of dogs, maybe due to the lower ACE2 expression of the dogs in the respiratory tract. These findings also confirm that the probability of infection is considerably higher in domestic animals in close contact with infected owners, compared to animals living in animal shelters whose contact with humans is markedly lower.
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    SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Studies in Pets, Spain
    (Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2023) Sánchez Morales, Lidia; Barroso Arévalo, Sandra; Barasona García-Arévalo, José Ángel; Domínguez Rodríguez, Lucas José; Sánchez-Vizcaíno Rodríguez, José Manuel
    SARS-CoV-2 can infect domestic animals such as cats and dogs. The zoonotic origin of the disease requires surveillance on animals. Seroprevalence studies are useful tools for detecting previous exposure because the short period of virus shedding in animals makes detection of the virus difficult. We report on an extensive serosurvey on pets in Spain that covered 23 months. We included animals with exposure to SARS-CoV-2-infected persons, random animals, and stray animals in the study. We also evaluated epidemiologic variables such as human accumulated incidence and spatial location. We detected neutralizing antibodies in 3.59% of animals and showed a correlation between COVID-19 incidence in humans and positivity to antibody detection in pets. This study shows that more pets were infected with SARS-CoV-2 than in previous reports based on molecular research, and the findings highlight the need to establish preventive measures to avoid reverse zoonosis events.