Person: Zamorano Calvo, Jaime
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First Name
Jaime
Last Name
Zamorano Calvo
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Ciencias Físicas
Department
Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica
Area
Astronomía y Astrofísica
Identifiers
31 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 31
Item Light Pollution Spanish REECL SQM Network(2015) Zamorano Calvo, Jaime; Sánchez de Miguel, Alejandro; Nievas Rosillo, Mireia; Tapia Ayuga, Carlos; Ocaña González, Francisco; Izquierdo Gómez, Jaime; Gallego Maestro, Jesús; Pascual Ramírez, SergioThe SQM network of the Spanish Light Pollution Research collaboration (http://guaix.fis.ucm.es/splpr/SQM-REECL) is growing with the help of amateur astronomers and interested citizens. Up to now there are 18 stations. SQM photometers provide measures of the night sky brightness every night using the PySQM software. The analysis of the data provided by the photometers allows the researchers to monitor the nightly, monthly and yearly evolution of the NSB and the relationship with sources of light pollution in intensity and distance. The photometers that are measuring in protected areas will alarm the researchers about eventual increasing of light pollution that could affect the environment. Using models of light dispersion on the atmosphere one can determine which light pollution sources are increasing the sky brightness at different places and in which extension. Networks of fixed photometers acquiring data every night are one of the main inputs to test these models.The collaborative effort of many people (citizen science) pro-vides the necessary data to derive scientific results.Item The 2012 geminids balloon-Borne mission overSpain(44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2013), 2013) Sánchez de Miguel, Alejandro; Ocaña González, Francisco; Madiedo, José Maria; Ortuño, Fernando; Conde, Aitor; León, Pedro; Gómez Sánchez-Tirado, Miguel Ángel; Mayo, David; Raya, Ruben; Zamorano Calvo, Jaime; Izquierdo, Jaime; Trigo-Rodriguez, JosepUsando un globo sonda, la noche de entre el 13 y el 14 de diciembre de 2013, se procedió ha grabar desde la estratosfera la lluvia de estrellas de las Gemínidas. Se capturaron al menos 16 meteoros y se pudo determinar la trayectoria de al menos 2 de ellos.Item Statistical modelling and satellite monitoring of upward light from public lighting(LightingI Research & Technology, 2016) Estrada García, R.; García Gil, M.; Acosta, L.; Bará, S.; Sánchez de Miguel, Alejandro; Zamorano Calvo, JaimeIn this work, we propose an approach to estimating the amount of light wasted by being sent towards the upper hemisphere from urban areas. This is a source of light pollution. The approach is based on a predictive model that provides the fraction of light directed skywards in terms of a small set of identified explanatory variables that characterise the urban landscape and its light sources. The model, built via the statistical analysis of a wide sample of basic urban scenarios to compute accurately the amount of light wasted at each of them, establishes an optimal linear regression function that relates the fraction of wasted flux to relevant variables like the kind of luminaires, the street fill factor, the street width, the building and luminaire heights and the walls and pavement reflectances. We applied this model to evaluate the changes in emissions produced at two urban nuclei in the Deltebre municipality of Catalonia. The results agree reasonably well with those deduced from the radiance measurements made with the VIIRS instrument onboard the Suomi-NPP Earth orbiting satellite.Item Zernike analysis of all-sky night brightness maps(Applied optics, 2014) Bará, Salvador; Nievas Rosillo, Miguel; Sánchez de Miguel, Alejandro; Zamorano Calvo, JaimeAll-sky night brightness maps (calibrated images of the night sky with hemispherical field-of-view (FOV) taken at standard photometric bands) provide useful data to assess the light pollution levels at any ground site. We show that these maps can be efficiently described and analyzed using Zernike circle polynomials. The relevant image information can be compressed into a low-dimensional coefficients vector, giving an analytical expression for the sky brightness and alleviating the effects of noise. Moreover, the Zernike expansions allow us to quantify in a straightforward way the average and zenithal sky brightness and its variation across the FOV, providing a convenient framework to study the time course of these magnitudes. We apply this framework to analyze the results of a one-year campaign of night sky brightness measurements made at the UCM observatory in Madrid.Item Zernike power spectra of clear and cloudy light-polluted urban night skies(Applied optics, 2015) Bará, Salvador; Tilve, Victor; Nievas Rosillo, Mireia; Sánchez de Miguel, Alejandro; Zamorano Calvo, JaimeThe Zernike power spectra of the all-sky night brightness distributions of clear and cloudy nights are computed using a modal projection approach. The results obtained in the B, V, and R Johnson-Cousins' photometric bands during a one-year campaign of observations at a light-polluted urban site show that these spectra can be described by simple power laws with exponents close to -3 for clear nights and -2 for cloudy ones. The second-moment matrices of the Zernike coefficients show relevant correlations between modes. The multiplicative role of the cloud cover, that contributes to a significant increase of the brightness of the urban night sky in comparison with the values obtained on clear nights, is described in the Zernike space.Item Report of the 2014 LoNNe intercomparison campaign(2015) Bará, Salvador; Espey, Brian; Falchi, Fabio; Kyba, Christopher C. M.; Nievas Rosillo, Mireia; Pescatori, Paolo; Ribas, Salvador; Sánchez de Miguel, Alejandro; Staubmann, Philipp; Tapia Ayuga, Carlos; Wuchterl, Günther; Zamorano Calvo, JaimeThe 2014 LoNNe (Loss of the Night Network) intercomparison campaign is the second of four campaigns planned during EU COST Action ES1204. The goal of these campaigns is to understand systematic uncertainty inherent in observations of skyglow (light pollution). An innovation of this year’s campaign was to take measurements with many of the nstruments at two sites: an urban location and a location far from artificial lights. This report summarizes the eeting, and also provides three recommendations for obtaining and analyzing handheld SQM observations. The UCM group of Astronomical Instrumentation and Extragalactic Astronomy (GUAIX) hosted the meeting at the Physics building of Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). A meeting room at Departamento de Astrofísica y CC. de la Atmósfera and the astronomical observatory (Observatorio UCM) were prepared in advance. In particular, a tailor made station to set the SQM and other photometer devices was installed on the roof of the Physics building. The Laboratorio de Investigación Científica Avanzada (LICA) was used to test and characterize a number of devices and filters.Item Image classification of night time images detected from the International Space Station(2014) Sánchez de Miguel, Alejandro; Zamorano Calvo, Jaime; Gómez Castaño, JoséRight now there are around 1.800.000 images at the Johnson Space Center database (The Gateway of the Astronauts) and around of 1.200.000 images came from the ISS (date 20/02/2014). Although, the classified images are a number much smaller and there no archive of georeferenced images. There is a project to classify the day time images (Image detective). But, the techniques that are used in this project are not use full for the classification of night time images. The reason is that the patterns on earth are not the same during the day and night. That’s why it’s need it other technique to classify night time images.Item Synthetic RGB photometry of bright stars: definition of the standard photometric system and UCM library of spectrophotometric spectra(Monthly notices of The Royal Astronomical Society, 2021) Cardiel López, Nicolás; Zamorano Calvo, Jaime; Bará, Salvador; Sánchez de Miguel, Alejandro; Cabello González, Cristina; Gallego Maestro, Jesús; García, Lucía; González Fuentetaja, Rafael; Izquierdo Gómez, Jaime; Pascual Ramírez, Sergio; Robles, José; Sánchez Penim, Ainhoa; Tapia Ayuga, CarlosAlthough the use of RGB photometry has exploded in the last decades due to the advent of high-quality and inexpensive digital cameras equipped with Bayer-like color filter systems, there is surprisingly no catalogue of bright stars that can be used for calibration purposes. Since due to their excessive brightness, accurate enough spectrophotometric measurements of bright stars typically cannot be performed with modern large telescopes, we have employed historical 13-color medium-narrow-band photometric data, gathered with quite reliable photomultipliers, to fit the spectrum of 1346 bright stars using stellar atmosphere models. This not only constitutes a useful compilation of bright spectrophotometric standards well spread in the celestial sphere, the UCM library of spectrophotometric spectra, but allows the generation of a catalogue of reference RGB magnitudes, with typical random uncertainties ∼ 0.01 mag. For that purpose, we have defined a new set of spectral sensitivity curves, computed as the median of 28 sets of empirical sensitivity curves from the literature, that can be used to establish a standard RGB photometric system. Conversions between RGB magnitudes computed with any of these sets of empirical RGB curves and those determined with the new standard photometric system are provided. Even though particular RGB measurements from single cameras are not expected to provide extremely accurate photometric data, the repeatability and multiplicity of observations will allow access to a large amount of exploitable data in many astronomical fields, such as the detailed monitoring of light pollution and its impact on the night sky brightness, or the study of meteors, solar system bodies, variable stars, and transient objects. In addition, the RGB magnitudes presented here make the sky an accessible and free laboratory for the calibration of the cameras themselves.Item Contaminación lumínica en España 2010(Highlights of Spanish Astrophysics VI, 2010) Sánchez de Miguel, Alejandro; Zamorano Calvo, Jaime; Pila Díez, Berenice; Rubio Jiménez, Jesús; Ruiz Carmona, Roque; Rodríguez Herranz, Isabel; González Pérez, AliciaA partir de imágenes nocturnas entre 1992 y 2007 de los satélites DMPS se ha obtenido una evolución por provincia del aumento de la emisión al luz espacio causante de la contaminación lumínica en España. El crecimiento medio nacional es del 54% en el periodo de estudio. Con los datos de INE y MITyC estimamos que el consumo nacional en alumbrado público es de 5.4 ±0.1 Twh/año a fecha de 2007. El objetivo nacional de consumo en alumbrado público anual es de 75 kwh por habitante. Sin embargo a partir de los datos oficiales calculamos que la media nacional está en 118 kwh por habitante en el año 2007 y crece.Item High-resolution imagery of earth at night: new sources, opportunities and challenges(Remote sensing, 2015) Kyba, Christopher C. M.; Garz, Stefanie; Kuechly, Helga; Sánchez de Miguel, Alejandro; Zamorano Calvo, Jaime; Fischer, Jüergen; Höelker, FranzImages of the Earth at night are an exceptional source of human geographical data, because artificial light highlights human activity in a way that daytime scenes do not. The quality of such imagery dramatically improved in 2012 with two new spaceborne detectors. The higher resolution and precision of the data considerably expands the scope of possible applications. In this paper, we introduce the two new data sources and discuss their potential limitations using three case studies. Data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day-Night Band (VIIRS DNB) is shown to have sufficient resolution to identify major sources of waste light, such as airports, and we find considerable variation in the peak radiance of the world's largest airports. Nighttime imagery brings "cultural footprints" to light: DNB data reveals that American cities emit many times more light per capita than German cities and that cities in the former East of Germany emit more light per capita than those in the former West. Photographs from the International Space Station, the second new source of imagery, provide some limited spectral information, as well as street-level resolution. These images may be of greater use for epidemiological studies than the lower resolution DNB data.