Person:
Díaz Pineda, Francisco

First Name

Francisco

Last Name

Díaz Pineda

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/74396

Affiliation

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Faculty / Institute

Ciencias Biológicas

Department

Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución

Area

Ecología

Identifiers

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 12

Identifying socio-ecological networks in rural-urban gradients: Diagnosis of a changing cultural landscape
(Science of the total environment, 2018) Arnaiz Schmitz, Cecilia; Schmitz García, María Fe; Herrero Jaúregui, Cristina; Gutíerrez Angonese, J.; Díaz Pineda, Francisco; Montes, C.
Socio-ecological systems maintain reciprocal interactions between biophysical and socioeconomic structures. As a result of these interactions key essential services for society emerge. Urban expansion is a direct driver of land change and cause serious shifts in socio-ecological relationships and the associated lifestyles. The framework of rural-urban gradients has proved to be a powerful tool for ecological research about urban influences on ecosystems and on sociological issues related to social welfare. However, to date there has not been an attempt to achieve a classification of municipalities in rural-urban gradients based on socio-ecological interactions. In this paper, we developed a methodological approach that allows identifying and classifying a set of socio-ecological network configurations in the Region of Madrid, a highly dynamic cultural landscape considered one of the European hotspots in urban development. According to their socio-ecological links, the integrated model detects four groups of municipalities, ordered along a rural-urban gradient, characterized by their degree of biophysical and socioeconomic coupling and different indicators of landscape structure and social welfare. We propose the developed model as a useful tool to improve environmental management schemes and land planning from a socio-ecological perspective, especially in territories subject to intense urban transformations and loss of rurality.
Heritage Cultural Landscape of Lozoya Valley (central Spain): methods and sources of spatial analysis
(Topografía y cartografía, 2016) Herrero Jaúregui, Cristina; Arnaiz Schmitz, Cecilia; De la O, Manuel Rodrigo; Escudero, D.; Mariné, N.; Díaz Pineda, Francisco; Schmitz García, María Fe
We present a work developed in the Lozoya Valley, an area included into the list of Cultural Landscapes developed by IPCE, due to its highly valuable patrimonial characteristics. The study area combines sites of high naturalistic value with others that have been intensively transformed by humans throughout history. The traditional management of natural resources has shaped the landscape, giving place to an extent mosaic of silvopastoral uses, livestock tracks, and other singular elements, such as stone hedges. This combines with an important cultural heritage derived of the historical presence of clergy and royal families and in the area. The present work analyzes the dynamics of change in the spatial configuration of the territory. Using satellite images, we study landscape configuration through variables such as fragmentation, connectivity and heterogeneity. We use Fragstats software, which allows processing a wide range of territorial data to determine specific spatial patterns. We discuss some questions about natural and cultural heritage, and the effectiveness of protected areas in preserving rural-cultural landscapes.
People and nature in the Fuerteventura Biosphere Reserve (Canary Islands): socio-ecological relationships under climate change
(Environmental Conservation, 2017) Schmitz García, María Fe; Arnaiz Schmitz, Cecilia; Herrero Jaúregui, Cristina; Díaz, Pablo; Gaspar García de Matos, Daniela; Díaz Pineda, Francisco
This paper analyses the interdependence between environment and society in terms of socio-ecological webs, in which human and biophysical systems are linked. A quantitative model, based on canonical correlation analysis applied in Fuerteventura Island (Canary Archipelago), detected indicators of human– landscape relationships and predicted potential shifts based on simulated environmental changes. In the last few decades, the landscape of Fuerteventura Island has changed: natural components and cultural agrarian uses have decreased, while the population has increased due to immigration, mainly from mainland Spain and other European countries. The island shows a transition from a coupled local socio-ecosystem to one based on the interaction between environment and coastal tourism that decouples native inhabitants from the landscape and traditional land-use practices. As vulnerability and adaptation to climate change represent critical sets of potential interactions in Canary Islands, a model and a map of the socioecological system under four Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios show rural decoupling through ‘deagrarianization’ and ‘deruralization’, as well as stronger links to the tourism system.
Environmental valuation by the local population and visitors for zoning a protected area
(WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Sustainable Tourism VI, 2014) Gaspar García de Matos, Daniela; Díaz, P.; Ruiz-Labourdette, D.; Rodríguez, A.J.; Santana, A.; Schmitz García, María Fe; Díaz Pineda, Francisco
Protected natural areas have traditionally played an important role in tourist destinations. There are over one hundred thousand of these areas throughout the world and to date, their landscapes and biodiversity have constituted the main factor attracting visitors. Although these components have not lost their power to attract, many tourist destinations now highlight the relationship between nature and traditional culture. On one hand, the planning and management of natural areas have fundamentally been based on biophysical aspects; hence, their name. But, on the other, the socioeconomic perspective is of great importance and should be incorporated further into this management. The professional field of the sciences of ‘nature’, which so far has played a major role in these areas, along with the disciplines of social sciences and humanities, faces the challenge of integrating their analysis methods, which can be directly applied to an understanding of the dynamics of present-day tourism. This integration could consider protected areas and territories beyond their physical boundaries. Our team, with experience in the development of environmental analysis models applied to the zoning and subsequent declaration of these areas, has proposed a new procedure for evaluating carrying capacities and tourism potentialities, integrating environmental (landscape), anthropological (local society and visitors) and socioeconomic (living standard and quality of life of local population) perspectives. The research relates this kind of components through multivariate analyses, geo-referenced databases and questionnaires. The pathway of the model is landscape functioning (ecosystem) and its function for society (ecosystem services).
Rural tourism: crossroads between nature, socio-ecological decoupling and urban sprawl
(WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, 2018) Arnaitz Schmitz, Cecilia; Santos, Luis; Herrero Jaúregui, Cristina; Díaz, Pablo; Díaz Pineda, Francisco; Schmitz García, María Fe
The development of cultural tourism has turned traditional rural landscapes, characterized by their great natural and cultural values, into focus of tourism attraction, causing important changes in the socioeconomic structure of the regions containing them. The enhancement of this tourism highlights the need to design and implement a sustainable management that guarantees the maintenance and conservation of the landscape and the economic development of local populations. This study, localised in the Lozoya Valley (Guadarrama Mountains, Central Spain), analyses the socio-ecological situation of its municipalities and visitors in two different times. The analysis of its temporal evolution has allowed us to notice a marked socio-ecological decoupling characterized by urban sprawl, loss of traditional landuses and practices and the rurality of local society. At the same time, a decrease is detected in the rural landscape valuation by visitors, increasing their preferences for naturalness. The conducted study is a novel contribution applicable to the conservative management of the landscape and the development of sustainable tourism for nature and society.
Effects of different clipping intensities on above- and below-ground production in simulated herbaceous plant communities
(Plant Biosystems, 2016) Herrero Jaúregui, Cristina; Schmitz García, María Fe; Díaz Pineda, Francisco
We studied the effect of clipping on above- and below-ground production in different plant communities through a factorial experiment. We designed five pasture systems with different species composition, perennials/annuals ratio and soil water availability, recreating different altitudinal locations, and simulated a gradient of grazing intensity by clipping with different heights and frequencies. Response patterns of above- and below-ground production were similar, increasing with the higher clipping frequency and decreasing with altitude. These results suggest that high grazing intensity stimulate above-ground production, but only in certain situations of species composition, density, diversity,perennials/annuals ratio and water availability. This stimulus, however, is unsustainable over time, and the lower clipping frequencies are those that favour the maintenance of production.
Dimensiones de la humanidad y retos actuales de la ecología
(Ecosistemas, 2023) Schmitz García, María Fe; Díaz Pineda, Francisco
Comentamos algunas implicaciones ecológicas de la presencia de la especie humana en la Tierra, refiriendo determinados retos actuales de la ecología, la ciencia de los ecosistemas. Podemos observar una sociedad consciente, aunque aún no suficientemente motivada, del alcance que tienen ya los serios problemas ambientales que afectan a la humanidad. Estos empezaron a ser considerados con decisión y determinación en el mundo académico apenas en las últimas cuatro décadas. La circunstancia sirve hoy para gestar acuerdos urgentes y necesarios que proporcionen soluciones a escalas regionales y globales. La eficacia de la toma de decisiones ambientales y la actuación de todas las administraciones políticas de los países del planeta constituyen hoy un objetivo apremiante. La cuestión fue ya motivo de preocupación para científicos como González Bernáldez, entre numerosos investigadores, técnicos e intelectuales algunos de los cuales citamos aquí. Buena parte de ellos, como quienes suscribimos el presente artículo, consideran además que, con excesiva frecuencia, los términos ecológico, medioambiental, equilibrio ecológico… y muchas otras palabras de moda, no son bien entendidos ni referidos en su verdadero contexto, alcance y aplicación. Basándonos en las aportaciones de algunos de esos científicos, y bajo nuestra propia perspectiva, resumimos algunos aspectos clave del comportamiento peculiar de la especie humana, considerando el uso poco sensato que viene haciendo de los recursos materiales, energéticos y espaciales del planeta, lo que esto supone en la actualidad y lo que implicará en un futuro probablemente cercano si no cambiamos ese comportamiento.
Marco de relaciones y retos de gestión en el Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Guadarrama
(Ambient@, 2013) Ruiz-Labourdette, D.; Schmitz García, María Fe; Díaz Pineda, Francisco
Conectividad Ecológica Territorial. Estudio de casos de conectividad ecológica y socioecológica
(2011) Díaz Pineda, Francisco; Schmitz García, María Fe
Conectividad ecológica horizontal y vertical
(Proyectos de investigación en parques nacionales: 2006-2009, 2010) Díaz Pineda, Francisco; Schmitz García, María Fe; Aranzabal, Itziar de; Hernández, Santiago; Bautista, Carmen; Aguilera, Pedro; Ramírez Sanz, Lucía; Asensio Nistal, Benigno
Se ha estudiado el funcionamiento del paisaje con perspectiva sistémica y expresándolo en términos cartesianos.El objetivo de fondo es la conservación de la naturaleza, asumiéndose que quizá no debiera seguir considerándose la idea con el objetivo básico de delimitar espacios naturalísticamente valiosos, pues, reconociéndose el importante logro que representa disponer de 'espacios naturales protegidos', el concepto de sistema debe llevarse a la práctica de una vez. Tanto la gestión de la 'trama ecológica natural', que nunca queda limitada a los límites de un espacio protegido, como la consideración de las poblaciones humanas deben entrar a formar parte decididamente de los objetivos de la conservación. La conectividad se concibe como un proceso 'horizontal' y 'vertical'. El primero lo constituye un conjunto de fenómenos físicos y biológicos que generan conexiones espaciales a manera de trama o tejido territorial. En la conectividad se han incluido también procesos 'verticales', derivados de la interacción entre la estructura del paisaje y la socioeconómica, asumiéndose que buena parte del funcionamiento de los hoy llamados 'sistemas socioecológicos' deriva de la interdependencia entre ambas estructuras. Se ha llevado a cabo una descripción de estos procesos de manera simple, mediante modelos cartográficos previamente ensayados, ecuaciones sencillas de regresión, superficies de tendencia y productos de matrices de datos. En el estudio se ha considerado la relevancia de la ampliación de la red de carreteras 2000-2025 del territorio español, que constituye un ejemplo de interferencia entre las citadas infraestructuras naturales y rurales y esta red artificial, identificándose puntos de 'tensión' entre ambas, modelizándose y cartografiándose los costes ambientales o 'impactos' derivados de esta interferencia. Se han analizado también lagunas legales detectadas al tratar de aplicar estas ideas a la conservación de la naturaleza y a la planificación ambiental, indicándose las posibilidades de adaptación y aplicación de leyes y normativas a estos nuevos objetivos.