Person: Losada Doval, Teresa
Loading...
First Name
Teresa
Last Name
Losada Doval
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Ciencias Físicas
Department
Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica
Area
Física de la Tierra
Identifiers
12 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 12
- Project number: 151
Item Meteolab como herramienta educativa de Meteorología en el Aula(2021) Rodriguez Fonseca, María Belén; Ábalos Álvarez, Marta; Alvarez Solas, Jorge; Ayarzagüena Porras, Blanca; Benito Barca, Samuel; Calvo Fernández, Natalia; de la Cámara Illescas, Alvaro; Durán Montejano, Luis; García Herrena, Ricardo; Garrido Pérez, José Manuel; Gómara Cardalliaguet, Iñigo; Losada Doval, Teresa; Mohino Harris, Elsa; Montoya Redondo, Marisa Luisa; Ordoñez García, Carlos; Polo Sánchez, Irene; Robinson, Alexander James; Sastre Marugán, Mariano; Serrano Mendoza, Encarnación; Yagüe Anguis, Carlos; Zurita Gotor, Pablo; García Burgos, Marina; González Alemán, Juan Jesús; González Barras, Rosa María; González Rouco, Jesús Fidel; Martín Gómez, Verónica; Maqueda Burgos, GregorioEl Presente proyecto es una continuación de proyectos anteriores dentro de la plataforma de divulgación Meteolab. Meteolab es un proyecto de divulgación de Meteorología y Clima que tiene su origen en 2002, cuando se comenzaron a diseñar experimentos de bajo coste con materiales caseros para la Semana de la Ciencia de la Comunidad de Madrid (CAM). Con los años, se generó un conocimiento que se materializó en 2010 con la concesión de un Proyecto de Innovación Educativa (PIE) financiado por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), dirigido por Belén Rodríguez de Fonseca. Gracias a este primer proyecto en el que trabajaron muchos profesores y alumnos de ciencias de la atmósfera, se gestó un portal web (meteolab.fis.ucm.es) en el que los experimentos se explicaban y se grababan para impulsar su difusión. Más adelante, en un segundo proyecto de Innovación Educativa, dirigido por la profesora Maria Luisa Montoya, los contenidos fueron traducidos al inglés. En concreto, los experimentos que componen Meteolab tienen como principal objetivo entender los principios y variables que determinan el comportamiento de las masas de aire en la atmósfera y de agua en el océano. La idea consiste en visualizar con experimentos sencillos las leyes físicas que gobiernan la atmósfera y el océano: movimientos horizontales y verticales, cambios de estado, mezcla y equilibrio, así como la interacción entre componentes. Se persigue observar los procesos meteorológicos familiares, como son la formación de una nube, los tornados, la convección, la formación de borrascas o la lluvia, entendiendo los procesos físicos que los producen. Finalmente, Meteolab permite también visualizar fenómenos climáticos como el efecto invernadero, el fenómeno de El Niño, el deshielo del Ártico, la influencia de los volcanes en el clima o la subida del nivel del mar. Existe un catálogo de experimentos, la mayoría de los cuales pueden consultarse a través del portal meteolab.fis.ucm.es, encontrándose todos ellos físicamente localizados en el Laboratorio Elvira Zurita de la Facultad de Ciencias Físicas. Tras la experiencia acumulada durante los 18 años de existencia de Meteolab, en los que se han adecuado las explicaciones de los experimentos a distintos niveles de dificultad (infantil, primaria, secundaria, bachillerato y Universidad de mayores), se ha sugerido la idoneidad de adaptar los contenidos a los estudiantes del Grado en Física y del Máster en Meteorología y Geofísica de la UCM. Así, por ejemplo, cuando se explica la formación de una nube, se puede ir complicando el discurso dependiendo de los diferentes ciclos de la enseñanza. De esta manera, para un nivel de escuela primaria uno sólo tiene que explicar que el aire se enfría al ascender, y al enfriarse se forman gotas de agua que forman las nubes. Al llegar a secundaria, los estudiantes aprenden el concepto de presión atmosférica y la relación entre la temperatura, la presión y el volumen de una parcela de aire. Más adelante, en el Grado en Física, se estudia la tensión de vapor, la expansión adiabática y la existencia de núcleos de condensación. Finalmente, en el Máster en Meteorología se aprenden los distintos procesos de nucleación y tipos de nubes. Todos estos conceptos van complicando la explicación, por lo que un mismo experimento puede explicarse tanto en una escuela infantil como en una Universidad. Es por ello, que, aprovechando la plataforma de divulgación Meteolab, hemos decidido dar un paso adelante y adaptar y ampliar los contenidos de Meteolab, para así poder integrarlos en los currícula del Grado en Física y del Máster en Meteorología y Geofísica de la UCM. Con todo ello, los objetivos del presente proyecto han sido: -Implementar los experimentos de Meteolab en el Aula, tanto en las asignaturas de Grado como en las de Máster. -Adaptar los contenidos existentes del portal web Meteolab (meteolab.fis.ucm.es) a las asignaturas relacionadas con Meteorología del Grado en Física y del Máster en Meteorología y Geofísica, con el fin de visualizar procesos físicos que se explican en el aula. -Añadir a Meteolab nuevos contenidos en relación con la dinámica de la atmósfera y el cambio climático. -Evaluar la mejora de la comprensión por parte del alumnado de los procesos que tienen lugar principalmente en la atmósfera y el océano, y su relación con el clima y su variabilidad. Item Secular Variability of the Upwelling at the Canaries Latitude: An Instrumental Approach(Journal of geophysical research-oceans, 2022) Gallego, D.; García Herrera, Ricardo; Mohino Harris, Elsa; Losada Doval, Teresa; Rodríguez de Fonseca, María BelénIn this research we make use of historical wind direction observations to assemble an instrumental upwelling intensity index (the so-called Directional Upwelling Index [DUI]) for the coast of Northwest Africa between 26 degrees and 33 degrees N and from 1825 to 2014. The DUI is defined as the persistence of the alongshore winds at the coast and unlike other upwelling indices, it relies on observed wind direction solely, avoiding the suspected bias toward increasing wind speed of historical wind observations documented in previous research. We have found that between June and October, when the upwelling intensity in the area is at its seasonal maximum, the persistence of the north-easterlies measured by the DUI is significantly related to the alongshore wind stress and subsequently with Sea Surface Temperature anomalies at the coast of NW Africa. The analysis of the DUI record does not display a consistent long-term trend but an oscillatory behavior. At interannual time scales this variability can be linked to the changes in the strength and location of the subtropical north Atlantic high-pressure center and at multidecadal scales, the upwelling seems mainly driven by the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability through the modulation exerted by this climatic pattern on the intensity of the Saharan low.Item Skillful prediction of tropical Pacific fisheries provided by Atlantic Niños(Environmental research letters, 2021) Gómara Cardalliaguet, Íñigo; Rodríguez Fonseca, María Belén; Mohino Harris, Elsa; Losada Doval, Teresa; Polo Sánchez, Irene; Coll, MartaTropical Pacific upwelling-dependent ecosystems are the most productive and variable worldwide, mainly due to the influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO can be forecasted seasons ahead thanks to assorted climate precursors (local-Pacific processes, pantropical interactions). However, due to observational data scarcity, little is known about the importance of these precursors for marine ecosystem prediction. Previous studies based on Earth System Model simulations forced by observed climate have shown that multiyear predictability of tropical Pacific marine primary productivity is possible. With recently released global marine ecosystem simulations forced by historical climate, full examination of tropical Pacific ecosystem predictability is now feasible. By complementing historical fishing records with marine ecosystem model data, we show herein that equatorial Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) constitute a valuable predictability source for tropical Pacific fisheries, which can be forecasted over large-scale areas up to three years in advance. A detailed physical-biological mechanism is proposed whereby equatorial Atlantic SSTs influence upwelling of nutrient-rich waters in the tropical Pacific, leading to a bottom-up propagation of the climate-related signal across the marine food web. Our results represent historical and near-future climate conditions and provide a useful springboard for implementing a marine ecosystem prediction system in the tropical Pacific.Item The stationarity of the ENSO teleconnection in european summer rainfall(Climate dynamics, 2022) Martija-Díez, Maialen; López-Parages, Jorge; Rodríguez Fonseca, María Belén; Losada Doval, TeresaEl Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence on European precipitation (Pcp) has been deeply analyzed. Most of the previous studies focus on the atmospheric response in wintertime during the peak of the ENSO episode, showing boreal summer a season with a marginal ENSO signal. Furthermore, the stationarity of the ENSO teleconnection with Europe has not been considered in many works, which could mask possible nonstationary impacts in other seasons like summer. In this research we find a strong influence of eastern Pacific-like ENSO on the leading variability mode of European summer Pcp, showing a dipole-like configuration and linking El Niño with drier(wetter) conditions in northern(southern) Europe. This relationship is not limited to the total cumulative Pcp, but also to the low and extreme Pcp. This impact on European rainfall is found from the 1960s to the 1990s, a 30 years-long period when the position of the extratropical northern jet stream, which acts as a waveguide, favors the teleconnection pathway to Europe. Strikingly, the ENSO events behind this teleconnection reach their peak in summer. However, we show that the resultant Pcp in Europe also depend on the ENSO characteristic of the previous seasons, which could be used for predictability purposes.Item Tropical Atlantic mixed layer buoyancy seasonality: atmospheric and oceanic physical processes contributions(Atmosphere, 2020) Camara, Ibrahima; Mignot, Juliette; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas; Losada Doval, Teresa; Lazar, AlbanThis study investigates the physical processes controlling the mixed layer buoyancy using a regional configuration of an ocean general circulation model. Processes are quantified by using a linearized equation of state, a mixed-layer heat, and a salt budget. Model results correctly reproduce the observed seasonal near-surface density tendencies. The results indicate that the heat flux is located poleward of 10◦ of latitude, which is at least three times greater than the freshwater flux that mainly controls mixed layer buoyancy. During boreal spring-summer of each hemisphere, the freshwater flux partly compensates the heat flux in terms of buoyancy loss while, during the fall-winter, they act together. Under the seasonal march of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone and in coastal areas affected by the river, the contribution of ocean processes on the upper density becomes important. Along the north Brazilian coast and the Gulf of Guinea, horizontal and vertical processes involving salinity are the main contributors to an upper water change with a contribution of at least twice as much the temperature. At the equator and along the Senegal-Mauritanian coast, vertical processes are the major oceanic contributors. This is mainly due to the vertical gradient of temperature at the mixed layer base in the equator while the salinity one dominates along the Senegal-Mauritania coast.Item Impact of equatorial Atlantic variability on ENSO predictive skill(Nature communications, 2021) Exarchou, Eleftheria; Ortega, Pablo; Rodríguez Fonseca, María Belén; Losada Doval, Teresa; Polo Sánchez, Irene; Prodhomme, CloéEl Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a key mode of climate variability with worldwide climate impacts. Recent studies have highlighted the impact of other tropical oceans on its variability. In particular, observations have demonstrated that summer Atlantic Niños (Niñas) favor the development of Pacific Niñas (Niños) the following winter, but it is unclear how well climate models capture this teleconnection and its role in defining the seasonal predictive skill of ENSO. Here we use an ensemble of seasonal forecast systems to demonstrate that a better representation of equatorial Atlantic variability in summer and its lagged teleconnection mechanism with the Pacific relates to enhanced predictive capacity of autumn/winter ENSO. An additional sensitivity study further shows that correcting SST variability in equatorial Atlantic improves different aspects of forecast skill in the Tropical Pacific, boosting ENSO skill. This study thus emphasizes that new efforts to improve the representation of equatorial Atlantic variability, a region with long standing systematic model biases, can foster predictive skill in the region, the Tropical Pacific and beyond, through the global impacts of ENSO.- Project number: 266
Item Creación de recursos prácticos y digitales de meteorología y clima a través de Metolab(2023) Losada Doval, Teresa; Ayarzaüena Porras, Blanca; Benito Barca, Samuel; Calvo Fernández, Natalia; Calvo Miguélez, Elena; Cámara Illescas, Álvaro de la; Durán Montejano, Luis; García Burgos, Marina; García Herrera, Ricardo Francisco; Garrido Pérez, José Manuel; Gómara Cardalliaguet, Íñigo; López Reyes, Mauricio; Martín del Rey, Marta; Martín Gómez, Verónica; Martínez Andradas, Verónica; Mohino Harris, Elsa; Ortiz Corral, Pablo; Polo Sánchez, Irene; Rodríguez de Fonseca, María Belén; Román Cascón, Carlos; Sastre Marugán, Mariano; Yagüe Anguís, Carlos; Zurita Gotor, Pablo; Calvo Miguélez, Elena Item Tropical atmospheric response of Atlantic Niños to changes in the ocean background state(2023) Svendsen, Lea; Rodríguez De Fonseca, María Belén; Mohino Harris, Elsa; Crespo, Lander; Losada Doval, TeresaSince the 1970s, Atlantic Ninos during boreal summer have been linked to Pacific La Ninas the following winter. Earlier studies have explained the appearance of the Atlantic-Pacific teleconnection with changing Atlantic Nino configurations. Here we find that the non-stationarity of this teleconnection can also be explained by changes in the ocean background state, without changing the Atlantic Nino configuration. Experiments with different atmospheric general circulation models are performed where the same Atlantic Nino pattern is prescribed to different global ocean background states. The 1975-1985 global mean sea surface temperature forces a Walker Circulation response and low-level convergence over the Maritime Continent, increasing the chance of triggering a La Nina-like event in the Pacific. These results suggest that ENSO-predictions could be improved in certain periods by considering tropical Atlantic variability. The Atlantic Nino is the main climate variability phenomenon in the equatorial Atlantic and has a strong influence on local and remote climate. Since the 1970s, warm Atlantic Nino events in June-August have been linked to cool La Nina events developing in the equatorial Pacific the following December-February. The appearance of this Atlantic-Pacific link has been explained by changes in the temperature pattern of Atlantic Ninos but, so far, no study has analyzed the role of mean state changes. In this study we demonstrate the contribution of changes in the mean background surface temperatures of the global oceans to the appearance of this Atlantic-Pacific link. These results imply that under certain global ocean background conditions, we should use information about the Atlantic Nino to improve seasonal forecasts of El Nino and La Nina events. An Atlantic Nino in summer can produce atmospheric conditions of a La Nina-like event in the Pacific under certain ocean background statesThe ocean background state is of similar importance as the Atlantic Nino pattern for modifying the Atlantic Nino-Pacific teleconnectionAn Atlantic Nino intensifies easterly wind anomalies over the western equatorial Pacific when the Pacific has a warmer background stateItem A shift in the wind regime of the southern end of the Canary upwelling system at the turn of the 20th century(Journal of geophysical research-oceans, 2021) Gallego, D.; García Herrera, Ricardo; Losada Doval, Teresa; Mohino Harris, Elsa; Rodríguez Fonseca, María BelénIn this study, we make use of historical wind direction observations to assemble an instrumental upwelling index (DUI) at the southern end of the Canary Current Upwelling System. The DUI covers the period between 1825 and 2014 and, unlike other upwelling indices, it does not rely neither in wind speed nor in reanalyzed data. In this sense, the DUI can be regarded as an instrumental index. Additionally, it avoids the suspected bias toward increasing wind speed of historical wind observations documented in previous research. Our results indicate that the frequency of the alongshore winds at the west coast of Africa between 10°N and 20°N measured by the DUI is significantly related with the wind stress and therefore the upwelling intensity in this region. The DUI presents a significant variability both at interannual and decadal timescales. We have not found any significant trend for the 20th century. However, when the entire length of the series is considered, a large shift toward more frequent alongshore winds is evidenced as a result of several decade-long fluctuations which took place between the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. This fact would imply that a significant change in the upwelling intensity at the southern end of the Canary Current Upwelling System should have occurred at the turn of the 20th century.Item Changes in interannual tropical Atlantic-Pacific basin interactions modulated by a South Atlantic cooling(Journal of climate, 2022) Losada Doval, Teresa; Rodríguez Fonseca, María Belén; Mechoso, Roberto; Mohino Harris, Elsa; Castaño-Tierno, AntonioAlthough tropical interbasin interactions at interannual time scales are presently receiving much attention, their controlling factors and variations on longer time scales are under debate. Tropical convection plays a crucial role in the occurrence and nonstationarity of them. In this paper, we investigate the dependence of interannual tropical AtlanticPacific basin interactions on convection-related features of the tropical oceans’ climatology, especially the ITCZ position. Wecontrast a CGCM control simulation with an experiment in which tropical convection is modified by an artificial perturbation outside the tropics that reduces the incident shortwave radiation in a region of the South Atlantic. Based on previous work, this modification is expected to shift in latitude the climatological position of the simulated ITCZ. The experiment shows altered Walker circulations, stronger interannual variability over the tropical oceans, a westward extension of the Atlantic Ni˜no pattern and of convection, and shallower thermocline in the Pacific, making the basin more sensitive to both local and remote perturbations. As a consequence, the experiment shows enhanced interannual Atlantic–Pacificbasin interactions at the equator, and weaker teleconnections between the north tropical Atlantic and the equatorial Pacific. The latter seems to occur because the impact of the warm Atlantic SST anomalies is offset by the presence of warm SST anomalies in El Ni˜no region. Despite the uncertainties raised because the simulations are relatively short, we conclude that this work presents a potential explanation for the long-term changes in the tropical basin interactions and offers a novel and useful methodology for their analysis.