Person: Raggio Quílez, José
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First Name
José
Last Name
Raggio Quílez
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Farmacia
Department
Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica
Area
Botánica
Identifiers
16 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 16
Item Warming reduces the cover, richness and evenness of lichen‐dominated biocrusts but promotes moss growth: insights from an 8 yr experiment(New Phytologist, 2018) Ladrón de Guevara, Mónica; Gozalo, Beatriz; Lafuente, Angela; Prieto, María; Maestre, Fernando T.; Raggio Quílez, JoséSummary Despite the important role that biocrust communities play in maintaining ecosystem structure and functioning in drylands world-wide, few studies have evaluated how climate change will affect them. Using data from an 8-yr-old manipulative field experiment located in central Spain, we evaluated how warming, rainfall exclusion and their combination affected the dynamics of biocrust communities in areas that initially had low (< 20%, LIBC plots) and high (> 50%, HIBC plots) biocrust cover. Warming reduced the richness (35 ± 6%), diversity (25 ± 8%) and cover (82 ± 5%) of biocrusts in HIBC plots. The presence and abundance of mosses increased with warming through time in these plots, although their growth rate was much lower than the rate of lichen death, resulting in a net loss of biocrust cover. On average, warming caused a decrease in the abundance (64 ± 7%) and presence (38 ± 24%) of species in the HIBC plots. Over time, lichens and mosses colonized the LIBC plots, but this process was hampered by warming in the case of lichens. The observed reductions in the cover and diversity of lichen-dominated biocrusts with warming will lessen the capacity of drylands such as that studied here to sequester atmospheric CO2 and to provide other key ecosystem services associated to these communities.- Project number: 104
Item Científicas españolas: un mundo por descubrir(2019) Rodríguez Rodríguez, Elena; Sánchez-Paniagua López, Marta; López Ruiz, María Beatriz; López Sobaler, Ana María; Ortega Anta, Rosa María; Aparicio Vizuete, Aranzazu; Mateos-Aparicio Cediel, Inmaculada; Sevilla Sierra, María Paz; Delgado Losada, María Luisa; Molina Santos, Marina Mercedes; Peral Suárez, África; Cuadrado Soto, Esther; Amores Arrojo, Ángela; Raggio Quílez, José; Bodas Folguera, Cristina; Jiménez de la Peña, Rocío TeresaObjetivos: La Unión Europea sugiere, entre otros puntos, que la formación universitaria sea complementada con los avances que se vayan produciendo en la investigación científica y, además, pone un especial énfasis en la digitalización de contenidos y en la difusión a través de internet en la Educación Superior. Por ello, el objetivo del proyecto llevado a cabo fue realizar una actividad en la que los alumnos entrevistaran a una mujer científica española que trabajara en alguno de los temas estudiados en clases e ir creando un blog, vinculado a Facebook, con las entrevistas realizadas. De esta forma, además de dar visibilidad a las científicas de nuestro país, ya que en muchos casos la mujer está infravalorada por la sociedad en el ámbito científico, se pretendía conseguir la participación activa del alumnado y favorecer y fomentar su aprendizaje activo, desarrollar la capacidad del alumno de profundizar en un tema de investigación y de plantearse y de que tomaran conciencia del relevante nivel científico que existe en nuestro país y, en concreto, de la importancia que tienen las mujeres. Metodología: Se propuso la actividad a alumnos de 5 Grados diferentes (Farmacia, Doble Grado de Nutrición y Dietética, Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Terapia Ocupacional y Óptica y Optometría). Los alumnos interesados en participar formaron grupos de trabajo y eligieron el tema sobre el que querían trabajar del listado propuesto por los profesores. Buscaron una mujer científica española de reconocido prestigio que trabajara en el tema elegido y, después de comunicárselo al profesor, se pusieron en contacto con ella para solicitarles la realización de la entrevista. Una vez que esta accedía a su realización, los alumnos prepararon un dossier de preguntas basándose en los trabajos publicados de la misma, y, tras ser supervisado y corregido por el profesor, eran formuladas a la científica elegida. Una vez realizada la entrevista, los alumnos redactaron un artículo y tras su revisión por el profesor, se hacía público en el blog. Para dar mayor visibilidad al blog, se creó una cuenta abierta de Facebook en la que se iba vinculando el mismo. Al final de todo el proceso se realizó una valoración de la actividad global por parte de los alumnos mediante una encuesta de opinión tipo Likert. Resultados: Se ofertó la actividad a 581 alumnos y participaron 195 (33,6%). Con la actividad propuesta se ha conseguido la participación activa de un porcentaje considerable del alumnado, destacando en los Grados de CYTA (78,4%), Doble Grado de Farmacia y Nutrición (72,3%) y Farmacia (24,1%). Dentro de los que participaron en la actividad, el porcentaje de aprobados fue mayor que el de suspensos (78 vs. 22%; p<0,05, respectivamente). Por otra parte, la valoración otorgada a la actividad fue bastante buena (3,8 sobre 5 puntos), aunque muchos estudiantes manifestaron que les llevó bastante tiempo su realización. Por último, según los alumnos, la actividad les hizo tomar conciencia del alto nivel científico de muchas científicas españolas (4,5 puntos sobre 5). Item Recent Warming and Cooling in the Antarctic Peninsula Region has Rapid and Large Effects on Lichen Vegetation(Scientific Reports, 2017) Navarro, Francisco; Ramos, Miguel; Pablo, Miguel Angel De; Blanquer, José Manuel; Valladares, Fernando; García Sancho, Leopoldo; Pintado Valverde, Ana; Raggio Quílez, José; Green, Thomas George AllanThe Antarctic Peninsula has had a globally large increase in mean annual temperature from the 1951 to 1998 followed by a decline that still continues. The challenge is now to unveil whether these recent, complex and somewhat unexpected climatic changes are biologically relevant. We were able to do this by determining the growth of six lichen species on recently deglaciated surfaces over the last 24 years. Between 1991 and 2002, when mean summer temperature (MST) rose by 0.42 °C, five of the six species responded with increased growth. MST declined by 0.58 °C between 2002 and 2015 with most species showing a fall in growth rate and two of which showed a collapse with the loss of large individuals due to a combination of increased snow fall and longer snow cover duration. Increased precipitation can, counter-intuitively, have major negative effects when it falls as snow at cooler temperatures. The recent Antarctic cooling is having easily detectable and deleterious impacts on slow growing and highly stress-tolerant crustose lichens, which are comparable in extent and dynamics, and reverses the gains observed over the previous decades of exceptional warming.Item Whole Lichen Thalli Survive Exposure to Space Conditions: Results of Lithopanspermia Experiment with Aspicilia fruticulosa(Astrobiology, 2011) Raggio Quílez, José; Pintado Valverde, Ana; Ascaso, C.; De La Torre, R.; De Los Ríos, A.; Wierzchos, J.; Horneck, G.; García Sancho, LeopoldoThe Lithopanspermia space experiment was launched in 2007 with the European Biopan facility for a 10-day spaceflight on board a Russian Foton retrievable satellite. Lithopanspermia included for the first time the vagrant lichen species Aspicilia fruticulosa from Guadalajara steppic highlands (Central Spain), as well as other lichen species. During spaceflight, the samples were exposed to selected space conditions, that is, the space vacuum, cosmic radiation, and different spectral ranges of solar radiation (λ ≥ 110, ≥200, ≥290, or ≥400 nm, respectively). After retrieval, the algal and fungal metabolic integrity of the samples were evaluated in terms of chlorophyll a fluorescence, ultrastructure, and CO2 exchange rates. Whereas the space vacuum and cosmic radiation did not impair the metabolic activity of the lichens, solar electromagnetic radiation, especially in the wavelength range between 100 and 200 nm, caused reduced chlorophyll a yield fluorescence; however, there was a complete recovery after 72 h of reactivation. All samples showed positive rates of net photosynthesis and dark respiration in the gas exchange experiment. Although the ultrastructure of all flight samples showed some probable stress-induced changes (such as the presence of electron-dense bodies in cytoplasmic vacuoles and between the chloroplast thylakoids in photobiont cells as well as in cytoplasmic vacuoles of the mycobiont cells), we concluded that A. fruticulosa was capable of repairing all space-induced damage. Due to size limitations within the Lithopanspermia hardware, the possibility for replication on the sun-exposed samples was limited, and these first results on the resistance of the lichen symbiosis A. fruticulosa to space conditions and, in particular, on the spectral effectiveness of solar extraterrestrial radiation must be considered preliminary. Further testing in space and under space-simulated conditions will be required. Results of this study indicate that the quest to discern the limits of lichen symbiosis resistance to extreme environmental conditions remains openItem The resistance of the lichen Circinaria gyrosa (nom. provis.) towards simulated Mars conditions—a model test for the survival capacity of an eukaryotic extremophile(Planetary and Space Science, 2012) Sánchez, F. J.; Mateo Martí, E.; Raggio Quílez, José; Meeßen, J.; Martínez Frías, J.; García Sancho, Leopoldo; Ott, S.; Torre, R. De LaThe “Planetary Atmospheres and Surfaces Chamber” (PASC, at Centro de Astrobiología, INTA, Madrid) is able to simulate the atmosphere and surface temperature of most of the solar system planets. PASC is especially appropriate to study irradiation induced changes of geological, chemical, and biological samples under a wide range of controlled atmospheric and temperature conditions. Therefore, PASC is a valid method to test the resistance potential of extremophile organisms under diverse harsh conditions and thus assess the habitability of extraterrestrial environments. In the present study, we have investigated the resistance of a symbiotic organism under simulated Mars conditions, exemplified with the lichen Circinaria gyrosa—an extremophilic eukaryote. After 120 hours of exposure to simulated but representative Mars atmosphere, temperature, pressure and UV conditions; an unaltered photosynthetic performance demonstrated high resistance of the lichen photobiont.Item Metabolic activity duration can be effectively predicted from macroclimatic data for biological soil crust habitats across Europe(Geoderma, 2017) Raggio Quílez, José; Green, Thomas George Allan; García Sancho, Leopoldo; Pintado Valverde, Ana; Colesie, Claudia; Weber, Bettina; Büdel, BurkhardBiological soil crusts (BSC) perform several important environmental functions such as soil erosion prevention, soil nutrient enrichment through photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, and are receiving growing interest due to their importance in some changing habitats with soils under degradation risk. Primary producers within BSC (cyanobacteria, lichens, algae and bryophytes) are all poikilohydric and active only when wet, meaning that knowledge of the period of metabolic activity is essential to understand growth and adaptation to environment. Finding links with macroclimatic factors would allow not only prediction of activity but also the effects of any climate change over these communities. Metabolic activity and microclimate of BSC at four sites across Europe with different soils from semi-arid (Almeria, SE Spain) to alpine (Austria) was monitored during one year using a chlorophyll fluorometer. Local climatic data were also recorded. Mean monthly activity of crust within each site were strongly linked irrespective of crust type whilst, using the data from all sites, highly significant linear relationships (mean monthly values) were found for activity with incident light, air temperature and air relative humidity, and a nonlinear response to rainfall saturating at about 40 mm per month. Air relative humidity and air temperature were the best predictors of metabolic activity duration. The links observed are all highly significant allowing climate data to be used to model activity and to gain inferences about the effects of climate change over BSC communities, soil structure and fertility. Linear relationships mean that small changes in the environment will not produce massive alterations in activity. BSC also appear to behave as a single functional group, which is helpful when proposing general management policies for soil ecosystems protection.Item Anatomical, morphological and ecophysiological strategies in Placopsis pycnotheca (lichenized fungi, Ascomycota) allowing rapid colonization of recently deglaciated soils(Flora, 2011) Ríos, Asunción De los; Raggio Quílez, José; Pérez-Ortega, Sergio; Vivas, Mercedes; Pintado Valverde, Ana; Green, Thomas George Allan; Ascaso, Carmen; García Sancho, LeopoldoThe green algal lichen Placopsis pycnotheca was identified at Pia and Marinelli glaciers (Isla Grande of Tierra de Fuego, Chile) as a primary colonizer of bare soil in areas close to the front of the glacier or around small ponds created after glacier retreatment. Electron microscopy study showed that P. pycnotheca formed a thick hypothallus within which hyphae and their extracellular polymeric substances bind numerous soil particles. This structure augments water holding and soil stabilization capacities and constitutes an early stage in soil crust development. In addition, numerous cephalodia are formed within the hypothallus and subsequently develop upwards towards the thallus surface, sometimes before the formation of squamules with green algae. These anatomical and morphological strategies together with physiological properties such as the long photosynthetic activity period (measured in the laboratory) help explain its pioneering role as a colonizer and its apparently high growth rate.Item High nitrogen contribution by Gunnera magellanica and nitrogen transfer by mycorrhizas drive an extraordinarily fast primary succession in sub‐Antarctic Chile(New Phytologist, 2019) Benavent González, Alberto; Raggio Quílez, José; Villagra, Johana ; Pintado Valverde, Ana; Blanquer, José Manuel ; Rozzi, Ricardo ; Green, Thomas George Allan; García Sancho, LeopoldoChronosequences at the forefront of retreating glaciers provide information about colonization rates of bare surfaces. In the northern hemisphere, forest development can take centuries, with rates often limited by low nutrient availability. By contrast, in front of the retreating Pia Glacier (Tierra del Fuego, Chile), a Nothofagus forest is in place after only 34 yr of development, while total soil nitrogen (N) increased from near zero to 1.5%, suggesting a strong input of this nutrient. We measured N-fixation rates, carbon fluxes, leaf N and phosphorus contents and leaf δ15N in the dominant plants, including the herb Gunnera magellanica, which is endosymbiotically associated with a cyanobacterium, in order to investigate the role of N-fixing and mycorrhizal symbionts in N-budgets during successional transition. G. magellanica presented some of the highest nitrogenase activities yet reported (potential maximal contribution of 300 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Foliar δ15N results support the framework of a highly efficient N-uptake and transfer system based on mycorrhizas, with c. 80% of N taken up by the mycorrhizas potentially transferred to the host plant. Our results suggest the symbiosis of G. magellanica with cyanobacteria, and trees and shrubs with mycorrhizas, to be the key processes driving this rapid successioncyanobacteriaItem Ecophysiological comparison of different types of crustose lichens adapted to high mountain environments(2009) Raggio Quílez, José; Green, T. G. A.; Pintado, A.; García Sancho, Leopoldo; Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Lisboa; Universidad de Lisboa, PortugalLa comunicación oral presentada en este congreso científico abordaba un aspecto esencial de mi tesis doctoral, la ecología funcional de distintos biotipos de líquenes de alta y media montaña en el Sistema Central, España. La aportación no ha sido publicada aún, y mostró a una comunidad científica especializada en ecofisiología de líquenes como había una estrecha relación entre biotipo de liquen y fotosíntesis bruta, todo condicionado por la cantidad de clorofila por unidad de superficie. Aparte, la comunicación oral desentraña estrategias fisiológicas adaptativas en líquenes al ambiente extremo dela alta montaña mediterráneaItem Fotosíntesis, crecimiento y resistencia a ambientes extremos en líquenes de regiones polares y alpinas.(2013) Raggio Quílez, José; García Sancho, Leopoldo; Green, Thomas George AllanLos líquenes dominan alrededor de un 8% de los ecosistemas terrestres, siendo especialmente representativos en regiones polares y alpinas. Ambas regiones están consideradas como zonas de riesgo en posibles futuros escenarios de cambio ambiental, por lo que existe un creciente interés en entender los mecanismos que regulan la presencia de estos organismos en dichos ecosistemas. Esta tesis doctoral utiliza la fotosíntesis como hilo conductor para, a lo largo de cinco capítulos, aclarar las relaciones entre metabolismo y crecimiento y tratar de acotar la capacidad de resistencia de estos organismos a condiciones ambientales extremas. Los capítulos I, II, III y IV abordan sobre todo el primer aspecto, aportando información novedosa. Se incluyen relaciones entre biotipo y metabolismo en distintos líquenes alpinos, y se refuerza el uso de la liquenometría desde el punto de vista fisiológico, ya que no se han encontrado relaciones entre tamaño de talo y fotosíntesis en el género alpino Rhizocarpon. Los capítulos III y IV pasan de las regiones alpinas a las polares, con un estudio ecofisiológico global del género Placopsis en Tierra de Fuego y una comparativa de actividad metabólica y microclima entre distintas especies en dos extremos climáticos del continente antártico. Dicha comparativa explica las diferencias en tasas de crecimiento, biomasa y cobertura entre ambos lugares. El segundo objetivo, los límites de la resistencia de los líquenes a ambientes extremos, se aborda a lo largo de toda la memoria, pero especialmente en los capítulos IV y V. En ellos se explican los mecanismos de resistencia de dos especies distintas de líquenes a un desierto polar en la Antártida continental y se explican los resultados de la exposición real a condiciones espaciales del liquen Circinaria gyrosa. Los resultados demuestran que los límites de la capacidad de resistencia de los líquenes a condiciones extremas aún no han sido establecidos.