Person: Olivares Moreno, Álvaro
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First Name
Álvaro
Last Name
Olivares Moreno
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Veterinaria
Department
Producción Animal
Area
Producción Animal
Identifiers
5 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
Item Short- and Long-Term Effects of Birth Weight and Neonatal Care in Pigs(Animals, 2022) Romero, María; Calvo, Luis; Morales, José Ignacio; Rodríguez, Ana Isabel; Escudero Portugués, Rosa María; Olivares Moreno, Álvaro; López Bote, Clemente JoséSwine industries worldwide face a loss in profit due to high piglet mortality, particularly as a consequence of the marked increase in prolificity and low birth weight (BW) of piglets. This research studied the effect of BW and individual neonatal care provided to piglets on preweaning mortality, and the long-term effects on growth and carcass and meat characteristics. Litters from seventy-one crossbred sows (PIC 34) were included in the trial. Half of each litter did not receive any further management, and the remaining half received the pre-established management protocol of early assistance of neonatal care (NC). Along lactation, the low-BW piglets (weight equal to or less than 1.1 kg) showed a threefold higher mortality rate than piglets of higher weights (32 vs. 10%; p = 0.001), with mortality particularly concentrated within the first week after birth. No effect of NC treatment was observed on mortality ratio caused by crushing, but a significant effect was observed in low-BW piglets who died of starvation (p < 0.01). The effect of NC on growth is dependent on BW, and heavier piglets at birth benefit from NC treatment to a higher extent than low-BW piglets. Low-BW piglets showed a higher fatness (p = 0.003), lower lean cut yield (p = 0.002) in carcasses, and higher intramuscular fat (IMF) content (2.29% vs. 1.91%; p = 0.01) in meat. NC treatment increased the lean content in carcasses from low-BW piglets (p < 0.01). The monounsaturated fatty acids concentration was higher in lower-than-normal-BW piglets (48.1% vs. 47.1%; p = 0.002) and the opposite effect was observed for polyunsaturated fatty acids (13.6% vs. 15.7%; p = 0.002). NC treatment induced a higher concentration of n-7 fatty acids. In conclusion, NC treatment may be a useful practice to reduce mortality in low-BW piglets. Moreover, NC could affect carcass fatness and meat quality, thus suggesting a long-term effect on metabolism.Item Free-Range Feeding Alters Fatty Acid Composition at the sn-2 Position of Triglycerides and Subcutaneous Fat Physicochemical Properties in Heavy Pigs(Animals, 2021) Segura, José; Rey Muñoz, Ana Isabel; Olivares Moreno, Álvaro; Cambero Rodríguez, María Isabel; Escudero Portugués, Rosa María; Romero De Ávila Hidalgo, María Dolores; Palomo Yagüe, Antonio; López Bote, Clemente JoséThe nutritional value of fat consumption depends on both the fatty acid composition and the positional distribution of fatty acids within the triglyceride molecule. This research studies the effect of feeding with three different diets (4% lard-enriched; 11.5% high-oleic sunflower-enriched; and extensive feeding mainly with acorns) on the composition of fatty acids in the sn-2 position (and sn-1,3) of triglycerides and the textural properties of subcutaneous fat in heavy Iberian pigs (n = 210 castrated males). A moderate dietary enrichment with oleic acid in mixed diets did not alter the regulation of the sn-2 position of triglyceride (69.9% and 13.9% of palmitic and oleic acids, respectively), but the extremely high intake of oleic acid in pigs fed mainly on acorns changed the proportions of palmitic and oleic acids at the sn-2 position in the subcutaneous fat of pigs (55.0% and 27.2%, respectively). Hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness showed the least values in EXT pigs, and the greatest values in LARD-fed barrows. SUN cohesiveness and gumminess did not differ from those fed LARD. In addition, Iberian pigs raised in free-range conditions had a more favorable nutritional lipid profile for human health compared to pigs fed conventional diets.Item Alleviating Heat Stress in Fattening Pigs: Low-Intensity Showers in Critical Hours Alter Body External Temperature, Feeding Pattern, Carcass Composition, and Meat Quality Characteristics(Animals, 2024) Segura Plaza, José Francisco; Calvo Adiego, Luis; Escudero Portugués, Rosa María; Olivares Moreno, Álvaro; Rodríguez, Ana Isabel; Jiménez Gómez, Beatriz; López Bote, Clemente JoséSimple Summary: Pigs lack functional sweat glands, hence being very susceptible to heat stress. The optimum temperature in which pigs would thrive is around 20 °C, depending on age and weight. Pigs could achieve higher heat dissemination, e.g., by increasing body contact with the cooler ground and panting, but also through an undesirable reduction in feed intake. In addition, under conditions of severe heat stress, animals may become more susceptible even to immune challenges due to damage to the structure of the intestinal wall. Thus, heat stress can affect the proper functioning of metabolism, which, in addition to having implications on animal welfare, also affects the quality of meat and meat products. Cooling systems are not yet commonly seen on farms. Sprinkler systems are the most used cooling system, followed by water pads and fogging systems, for finishing pigs. As our climate continues to warm, monitoring daily feed intake and water consumption levels, along with the implementation of cooling systems, must become tools to minimize the adverse effects of hot weather.Item Cuidado de un núcleo de gallinas en peligro de extinción por los estudiantes del diploma formativo universitario Liceo-Especialidad de cuidado de animales (GALLICEO)(2023) Ortega Moreno, Carlos; Fernández De Lis, Gonzalo; De Águeda, Alejandra; Fuente Vázquez, Jesús De La; Díaz Díaz Chirón, María Teresa; Cabezas Albéniz, Almudena; Olivares Moreno, Álvaro; Pineda González, Stefania; Rebolé Garrigós, Almudena; González De Chávarri Echániz, Elisabeth; Ortiz Vera, Luis Tomás; Escudero Portugués, Rosa María; Bermejo Poza, Rubén; Viveros Montoro, Agustín; Arija Martín, Ignacio; Castro Madrigal, Teresa; Laviano Medina, Hernán Darío; García Álvarez, Andres; Salazar Hijosa, Raúl; Martín Amores, Ruth; Díez Romera, Mariano; Bonel Ayuso, Diego Paul; Encinas Cerezo, María Teresa; Olivos Ore, Luis Alcides; Arribas Blázquez, Marina; Gilabert Santos, Juan Antonio; Morón Elorza, Pablo; Manso Alonso, María Teresa; De Las Heras Molina, Ana; Isabel Redondo, BeatrizItem Short- and Long-Term Effects of Split-Suckling in Pigs According to Birth Weight(Animals, 2023) Romero, María; Calvo, Luis; Morales, José Ignacio; Magro, Antonio; Rodríguez, Ana Isabel; Segura Plaza, José Francisco; Escudero Portugués, Rosa María; López Bote, Clemente José; Olivares Moreno, ÁlvaroForty-eight litters were used, with a total number of 645 piglets involved in the study. The split-suckling technique was applied to half of the litters at the end of farrowing by removing the heaviest piglets over three periods of 1 h. The piglets were individually weighed at 0, 1 d, and at weaning. Piglet losses were recorded daily. Traceability was maintained until the carcass splitting and meat analysis took place. Carcasses were eviscerated and weighed individually. Total mortality at weaning was affected by body weight, where the low-body-weight piglets showed a mortality rate almost four times higher than that of the normal-weight piglets. Mortality was highest in the first days of life, especially in the low-body-weight piglets. At weaning, split-suckling treatment caused a slight increase in mortality compared to the control group piglets (25% vs. 17.1%). Split-suckling had a positive effect on weight gain during the first 24 h of life (p = 0.014), and there was an interaction between treatment and parity (p = 0.007), with split-suckling being more effective in the primiparous sows compared to the multiparous sows. The piglets from litters receiving the split-suckling treatment had a lower average daily gain during the lactation period (p < 0.001) than the piglets from the control group. Weight gain during the first 24 h of life of the piglets subjected to split-suckling was higher than those of the control group. A lower IgG and α-tocopherol in plasma in the heavier piglets subjected to split-suckling treatment was observed in comparison to their respective control. The piglets from litters receiving the treatment showed a lower average daily gain during the lactation period (p < 0.001) than the piglets from the control group. No difference in slaughter weight was observed according to treatment. The pigs which received split-suckling treatment showed lower subcutaneous fat thickness (p < 0.0013) and higher lean meat yield (p < 0.0027), this effect being more marked in pigs from primiparous sows. Intramuscular fat concentration was higher in the Longissimus Dorsi muscle of the low-body-weight piglets. In the pigs that received split-suckling treatment, a higher concentration of C18:3n-3 (p = 0.036) and a tendency towards a higher concentration of C18:2n-6 (p = 0.107) and unsaturation index (p = 0.113) was observed in intramuscular fatty acids at slaughter, together with a lower concentration of C16:0 (p = 0.053) and SFA (p = 0.064). In conclusion, long-term response to split-suckling, particularly in low-birth-weight piglets, suggests an alteration in adiposity and metabolic regulation in these piglets that receive high levels of colostrum.