Person: Delgado Mellado, Noemí
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First Name
Noemí
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Delgado Mellado
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Item Separation of aromatics from n-alkanes using tricyanomethanide-based ionic liquids: Liquid-liquid extraction, vapor-liquid separation, and thermophysical characterization(Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2016) Larriba Martínez, Marcos; Navarro, Pablo; Delgado Mellado, Noemí; Stanisci, Victor; García González, Julián; Rodríguez Somolinos, FranciscoIonic liquids (ILs) have been extensively studied as replacements to sulfolane in the separation of aromatics from alkanes. The employment of ILs could reduce energy requirements and operating costs of the aromatic extraction unit as a result of their nonvolatile character. However, the ILs studied so far have shown mass-based aromatic distribution ratios lower than the sulfolane values, which would increase the solvent-to-feed ratio in the extractor. To overcome this drawback, we tested the performance of the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ([bmim][TCM]) and the 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium tricyanomethanide ([4bmpy][TCM]) in the separation of toluene from n-heptane, exhibiting the [4bmpy][TCM] mass-based toluene distribution ratios and toluene/n-heptane selectivities higher than those of sulfolane. We also studied the vapor-liquid recovery of the extracted hydrocarbons from the ILs, obtaining relative volatilities of n-heptane from toluene substantially higher in the presence ILs than those without ILs. A thermophysical characterization of the ILs was also made by measuring their densities, viscosities, thermal stabilities, and estimating their maximum operation temperatures. Finally, the regeneration and reuse of the ILs was studied on successive recovery cycles. After five recovery cycles, ILs have shown the same extractive capacity.Item Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents in the Dearomatization of Gasolines(ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 2018) Larriba Martínez, Marcos; Ayuso Sebastián, Miguel Aythami; Navarro, Pablo; Delgado Mellado, Noemí; Gonzalez-Miquel, Maria; García González, Julián; Rodríguez Somolinos, FranciscoThe extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from reformer and pyrolysis gasolines is currently performed by liquid-liquid extraction using organic solvents. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are being widely studied as environmentally benign alternatives to conventional solvents since DES can be prepared using nontoxic and renewable chemicals. In this work, we have studied for the first time the application of DES in the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from reformer and pyrolysis gasolines. We have tested six choline chloride-based DES formed by ethylene glycol, glycerol, levulinic acid, phenylacetic acid, malonic acid, and urea as hydrogen bond donors. COSMO-RS method was employed to predict the performance of the DES in the extraction of aromatics, whereas experimental results indicate that DES formed by choline chloride and levulinic acid has exhibited the most adequate extractive and physical properties. Afterward, the simulation and optimization of the whole process for extraction of aromatics, recovery of extracted hydrocarbons, and regeneration of the solvent have been performed. The proposed process of dearomatization could work at moderate temperatures using a cheap, sustainable, and nontoxic solvent.Item Extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from pyrolysis gasoline using tetrathiocyanatocobaltate-based ionic liquids: Experimental study and simulation(Fuel Processing Technology, 2017) Larriba Martínez, Marcos; Navarro, Pablo; Delgado Mellado, Noemí; Stanisci, Victor; García González, Julián; Rodríguez Somolinos, FranciscoThe pyrolysis gasoline is one of the main sources of aromatic hydrocarbons as a result of their high content in these compounds. Organic solvents such as sulfolane are currently employed in the extraction of aromatic but the ionic liquids (ILs) have been recently proposed as potential replacement. In this work, we have studied the use of the bis(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) tetrathiocyanatocobaltate ([emim]2[Co(SCN)4]) and bis(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) tetrathiocyanatocobaltate ([bmim]2[Co(SCN)4]) ILs in the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from pyrolysis gasoline. The extractive properties of both tetrathiocyanatocobaltate-based ILs were compared to those of other promising ILs and sulfolane, showing the highest values. To perform the simulation of the whole process, we have experimentally studied the liquid-liquid extraction of aromatics from pyrolysis gasoline and the recovery of the extracted hydrocarbons from the ILs. In addition, a thermophysical characterization of the ionic solvents was performed measuring their densities, viscosities, thermal stabilities, maximum operation temperatures, and specific heats. Employing the experimental data, the extractor was simulated using the Kremser equation whereas the recovery section formed by flash distillation units was simulated using a new algorithm specifically design to the case of a high concentration of non-volatile compounds.Item COSMO-based/Aspen Plus process simulation of the aromatic extraction from pyrolysis gasoline using the {[4empy][NTf2] + [emim][DCA]} ionic liquid mixture(Separation and Purification Technology, 2018) Larriba Martínez, Marcos; de Riva, Juan; Navarro, Pablo; Moreno, Daniel; Delgado Mellado, Noemí; García González, Julián; Ferro, Victor ; Rodríguez Somolinos, Francisco; Palomar, JoséThe ionic liquids (ILs) has been widely studied as potential replacements of conventional solvents in the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from alkanes. However, the majority of the papers have been focused in obtaining experimental data of liquid-liquid equilibria without studying whole process of extraction and separation of the extracted hydrocarbons from the solvent. In this paper, a computer-aided methodology combining molecular simulation by COSMO-based methodology and process simulation by Aspen Plus has been employed to study the extraction process of aromatic hydrocarbons from pyrolysis gasoline employing a binary mixture of 1-ethyl-4-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([4empy][NTf2]) and the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([emim][DCA]) ILs as solvent. A comparison between experimental data and the predictions obtained by the COSMO-based thermodynamic model of liquid-liquid and vapor-liquid equilibria and physical properties of the ILs was made for validation purpose. Process simulations were performed employing three configurations with one, two, or three flash distillations in the recovery section and the IL mixture over the whole range of composition as solvent. The configuration with three flash distillations and the binary IL mixture with a 75 % of [4empy][NTf2] were selected as the optimal conditions to increase aromatic recovery and purity.Item Thermal stability of choline chloride deep eutectic solvents by TGA/FTIR-ATR analysis(Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2018) Delgado Mellado, Noemí; Larriba Martínez, Marcos; Navarro, Pablo; Rigual Hernández, Victoria De Los Ángeles; Ayuso Sebastián, Miguel Aythami; García González, Julián; Rodríguez Somolinos, FranciscoDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on the cation choline have been proposed to date for a variety of applications due to their remarkable physicochemical properties. The thermal stability is one of the first properties of DESs that needs to be known since it limits the maximum operating temperature for which these solvents are useful in many applications. In this work, the thermal stability of eight different choline chloride-based DESs formed using levulinic acid, malonic acid, glycerol, ethylene glycol, phenylacetic acid, phenylpropionic acid, urea, and glucose as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) has been studied using isothermal and dynamic thermogravimetric analysis/Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (TGA/FTIR-ATR) techniques. Isothermal and dynamic FTIR-ATR was carried out to confirm the formation and to show the structural changes with temperature of the DESs, respectively. The onset decomposition temperatures of the DESs were obtained from dynamic TGA. However, the maximum operating temperatures determined by isothermal TGA in long-term scenarios have demonstrated to be significantly much lower than the onset decomposition temperatures for every DES studied. The thermal stability and the boiling point of HBDs have a crucial impact on the maximum operating temperature of DESs.