Person:
Calvo Garrido, María Lourdes

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First Name
María Lourdes
Last Name
Calvo Garrido
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/76255
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Ciencias Químicas
Department
Ingeniería Química y de Materiales
Area
Ingeniería Química
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Author: Della Porta, Giovanna × Subject: 66 ×

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    Astaxanthin encapsulation in ethyl cellulose carriers by continuous supercritical emulsions extraction: A study on particle size, encapsulation efficiency, release profile and antioxidant activity
    (Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2019) Tirado, Diego ; Palazzo, Ida; Scognamiglio, Mariarosa; Calvo Garrido, María Lourdes; Della Porta, Giovanna; Reverchon, Ernesto
    Supercritical emulsions extraction (SEE)technology was used to encapsulate astaxanthin (AXT)in ethyl cellulose (EC). The operating parameters were 8 MPa and 311 K with an L/G ratio of 0.1 (CO2 flow rate of 1.4 kg/h). Several emulsion formulations were tested, fixing the oil-water ratio at 20:80 (ethyl acetate/water)and varying EC concentration in the oily phase from 1.0–2.5% mass and the surfactant amount in the water phase from 0.1 to 0.6% mass. Both parameters influenced carriers morphology, size and distribution; a correlation between the EC amount in oily phase and its dynamic viscosity was proposed to explain the droplets/carriers size variation observed. Carriers aggregation was monitored at surfactant concentration higher than 0.3% mass. The best emulsion formulation was obtained using 1.0% mass of EC in the oily phase and 0.1% mass of surfactant in the water phase; in these conditions spherical nanocarriers with unwrinkled and smooth surface were obtained with a size of 242 nm and Poly Dispersity Index of 0.16. EC mass recovery was of 90%. Higher carrier mean size of 363 nm (Poly Disperity Index of 0.31)was measured when AXT was encapsulated in the same conditions, achieving an encapsulation efficiency of 84%. The carriers were loaded with 21 mg/g of AXT and showed an excellent antioxidant capacity, measured as Trolox equivalent (Trolox equivalent per kg of pure AXT), and equivalent to 3900 M Trolox. In vitro release profiles obtained in a simulated intestinal fluid (SIF)at pH 7.2 and 310 K, showed a release of 70% of the total encapsulated AXT after 10 h.