Person: Cruz Martínez, Gibrán Alberto
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First Name
Gibrán Alberto
Last Name
Cruz Martínez
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Ciencias Políticas y Sociología
Department
Ciencia Política y de la Administración
Area
Ciencia Política y de la Administración
Identifiers
20 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 20
Item Estado de bienestar en América Latina : regímenes de bienestar, trayectorias históricas y arquitecturas de política social(Estado de bienestar en la encrucijada : Políticas sociales en perspectiva comparada, 2024) Vargas Faulbaum, Luis; Velasco, Juan Jacobo; Cruz Martínez, Gibrán Alberto; Del Pino, Eloísa; Rubio Lara, María JosefaEste capítulo incorpora una discusión sobre las principales características de los Estados de Bienestar en América Latina, a partir de las cuales se revisan las diferentes tipologías de los Estados de Bienestar en la región y se analiza la arquitectura de la política social. Posteriormente, se discuten las trayectorias de su desarrollo histórico desde una perspectiva comparada. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones y desafíos futuros para los Estados de Bienestar de la región.Item Balance Alternativo de Indicadores de Pobreza en los ODM para América Latina y el Caribe: ¿Medir el Éxito como Aceleración del Progreso o Consecución de las Metas?(Relaciones Internacionales, 2015) Cruz Martínez, Gibrán AlbertoDiversos investigadores han realizado críticas a los ODM por la arbitrariedad en la formulación y fijación de metas, así como en el uso de indicadores que pueden afectar la perspectiva del éxito exhibido por un país o región, favoreciendo a algunos y perjudicando a otros. El propósito principal de este artículo es realizar un balance alternativo crítico del avance ante la pobreza en 38 países latinoamericanos y caribeños. Utilizando indicadores positivos y negativos se contrastaron los resultados (1) de la consecución de la meta oficial 1.A y 7.C de los ODM y (2) de la aceleración del progreso en la reducción de las tasas de pobreza en 4 periodos temporales entre 1980-2015. Se utilizaron dos indicadores de pobreza para examinar la meta 1.A –reducir en un 50% la proporción de población con ingresos inferiores a 1,25 dólares diarios (PPA)- y la meta 7.C –reducir en un 50% la proporción de población sin acceso a fuentes mejoradas de agua potable e infraestructuras sanitarias. Los resultados confirman algunas de las críticas presentadas sobre los ODM. El uso de indicadores negativos y la conceptualización del éxito como aceleración del progreso en la reducción de pobreza presentan una imagen más favorable para la región.Item Patient mobility within national borders: drivers and politics of cross-border healthcare agreements in the Spanish decentralized system(Health Policy, 2022) Perna, Roberta; Cruz Martínez, Gibrán Alberto; Moreno Fuentes, Francisco JavierCross-border patient mobility has become a topic of increasing interest for policy-makers and academic scholars. However, the focus on international dynamics hinders the fact that healthcare mobility takes place within national boundaries as well, particularly in countries characterized by decentralized health systems. This paper shifts the focus from the drivers of international patient mobility to the ones of policy-making on patient mobility within national borders, analyzing more than fifty policy arrangements adopted between Spanish Regions in the period 2000-2020. As the findings indicate, geographical/historical, economic and political factors are key to understanding the development of cross-border healthcare agreements, as well as the conflicts that may arise therefrom. Accordingly, these arrangements may become a controversial issue and a key arena for partisan competition, affecting the articulation of effective responses to patient mobility in Spain and, ultimately, patients’ rights.Item Why do people give to their governments? Lab-in-the-field evidence on the role of norms, social information, and political support(Swiss Political Science Review, 2023) López-Pérez, Raúl; Ramirez-Zamudio, Aldo; Cruz Martínez, Gibrán AlbertoAlthough factors leading to selfless acts, such as charitable donations, have been a central concern in political sciences, voluntary donations are among the most atypical and less well-known public revenue-raising sources. In this article, we explore which factors influence people's donations to their government. We conduct an artefactual field experiment in Peru where subjects anonymously decide how much of an endowment they freely donate to the government. We run six sessions with a sample that is representative of the taxpayer population of Metropolitan Lima regarding age, gender, and socioeconomic conditions. Our results suggest that donations depend on the subject's support to the government, the average donation by other subjects (social information) and their beliefs about the average donation of others (perceived social norms).Item Is there a Common Path that could have Conditioned the Degree of Welfare State Development in Latin America and the Caribbean?(Bulletin of Latin American Research, 2017) Cruz Martínez, Gibrán AlbertoThe purpose of this paper is to re-examine from a multidimensional perspective the possible existence of a single path that could have conditioned the degree of welfare state development (WSD) in Latin America. Economic/industrial development, trade-openness, democracy and the strength of leftist parties-labour movement are used as explanatory variables in the qualitative comparative analysis. In contrast to previous findings, this paper shows that there is no evidence of a common path followed by countries with a relatively high/medium WSD. Nevertheless, countries that experienced a low economic/industrial development combined with a low democratic experience were conditioned to have low WSD.Item The configurational approach in comparative social policy analysis: advances in capturing the impact of globalisation on social policymaking in moderate-N research designs(Handbook on the Political Economy of Social Policy, 2024) Kühner, Stefan; Cruz Martínez, Gibrán Alberto; Yang, Nan; Greve, Bent; Moreira, Amilcar; Gerven, Minna vanAlthough relatively young, the configurational approach is now firmly established as part of the methodological toolkit for comparative political economists. While debates about its advantages and limitations are ongoing, there has been a proliferation of different qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) types for moderate-N research designs. Rather than adding to these debates, this chapter assesses QCA applications addressing the impact of globalisation processes on national social policymaking. We conduct a systematic literature review of empirical studies to illustrate how a small but increasing number of QCA studies try to capture the causal effects of globalisation from a comparative perspective. We find that theoretical innovation within those studies has remained limited; few fully comply with existing ‘best practice’ prescriptions of the configurational approach. We conclude by charting a way forward for QCA in comparative political economy and suggest how researchers could combine QCA techniques with other mainstream research methods in this field.Item Old and New Challenges for Welfare Regimes: A Global Perspective(International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 2022) Cruz Martínez, Gibrán Alberto; Bernales-Baksai, PamelaPurpose This paper presents an introduction to the special issue titled “Old and New Challenges for Welfare Regimes: A Global Perspective” Design/methodology/approach The authors of the special issue combine case studies and comparative analysis across America, Asia, Africa and Europe. The authors were invited to develop their studies with a focus on one or more of three axes: (1) Institutional and governance challenges surrounding the implementation and expansion of social welfare programs; (2) State of the art and diversity across emerging welfare states; (3) Challenges associated with migration and demographic pressures. Findings Articles in this special issue contribute to our understanding of recent challenges and transformations of welfare regimes, with special attention to the following policy areas: youth-emancipation, the reduction of poverty and income inequality, social protection and taxation, the role of historical institutionalism to better understand social policy implementation and expansion, the lack of transformative social protection in ‘New Right’ governments, determinants of social equality and the transformative effect of migration into welfare states. Originality To our knowledge, the existing publications on transformations and challenges of welfare regimes are still very much centered around a Western-European context. The global perspective and diversity of policy areas covered aims to shed light on the important lessons and policy implications from less traditional welfare statesItem Inter-regional patient mobility in decentralised Spain: explaining regional budget imbalances(International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 2024) Cruz Martínez, Gibrán Alberto; Perna, Roberta; Moreno Fuentes, Francisco JavierInter-regional patient mobility represents both a resource and a challenge for the organization and financing of health systems, particularly in decentralised countries. We use cross-sectional time series regression analysis to test the determinants of imbalances in regional funds to finance inter-regional patient mobility for the 17 Spanish regions for the period 2014–2020. The findings indicate that highly specialised health centres and bilateral agreements partly explain the budget imbalance from inter-regional patient referrals, while local tourism partly explains the budget imbalance from non-referred patient mobility. Developing effective national schemes to compensate net patient recipient regions would be fundamental to addressing territorial imbalances.Item Esfuerzo de bienestar y Pobreza desde el enfoque monetarista y de capacidades: Análisis trasnacional en América Latina y el Caribe (1990-2010)(Política y Sociedad, 2015) Cruz Martínez, Gibrán AlbertoExiste una abundante evidencia empírica sobre la relación negativa entre el esfuerzo de bienestar y la pobreza. Sin embargo, los indicadores de pobreza tradicionalmente utilizados han sido representativos del enfoque monetarista, inhibiendo del análisis su realidad multidimensional. Además el análisis trasnacional en América Latina y el Caribe entre las variables ha excluido generalmente factores demográficos y cíclicos. Utilizando tres técnicas de regresión para el periodo 1990-2010 y controlando para la población en edad avanzada, población desempleada y el PIB per cápita, se evaluó la relación entre el gasto social per cápita –como indicador de esfuerzo de bienestar- y la pobreza en hasta 21 países de la región. La proporción de población con ingresos inferiores a la canasta básica de alimentos y servicios (PM1) y la proporción de población con ingresos inferiores al 50% de la mediana de ingresos per cápita (PM2) fueron los dos indicadores de la pobreza desde el enfoque monetarista. Desde el enfoque de capacidades se utilizó la proporción de población con insuficiencia alimentaria (PC1) y la proporción de la población sin acceso a agua potable ni facilidades sanitarias (PC2). Los resultados confirman que efectivamente el gasto social es útil para explicar las cambios en la pobreza (PM1, PC1 y PC2), ya que existe una alta correlación negativa y significativa entre las variables antes y después de controlar para factores demográficos y cíclicos. En dos de las técnicas de regresión, el gasto social per cápita no presentó una relación negativa con la PM2. Los países que presentaron un mayor esfuerzo de bienestar para el periodo 1990-2010 no fueron necesariamente los que ostentan un menor nivel de pobreza. Por último el gasto social per cápita fue mas útil para explicar los cambios en la pobreza desde el enfoque de capacidades.Item Welfare State Development in Latin America and the Caribbean (1970s–2000s): Multidimensional Welfare Index, Its Methodology and Results(Social Indicators Research, 2014) Cruz Martínez, Gibrán AlbertoThere is an ongoing debate between focalization and universalization on welfare policies as the best way to develop the welfare state in Latin America and the Caribbean. However, there is a need to develop a measure that exhibits the multidimensional nature of the welfare state, instead of focusing on the social spending dimension. Segura-Ubiergo (The political economy of the welfare state in Latin America: globalization, democracy and development. Cambridge University Press, New York, 2007) constructed a welfare effort index (WEI) to facilitate understand the relative degrees of welfare state development among Latin American countries. The WEI focuses mainly on social spending and ignores the other dimensions of welfare. Based on a comparative analysis of 17 Latin American countries and following the methodology of Segura-Ubiergo, a new index that aims at enriching the WEI was constructed. The new index is multidimensional in that it has eight indicators relating to three dimensions of welfare: social spending, coverage of welfare programs and outcome of welfare institutions. Principal component analysis was used for reducing the indicators into three indexes that represent three proposed dimensions of welfare. The combination of these three indexes gives the multidimensional welfare index. The results of the index account for more than 75 % of the data variance.