Person: Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco
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First Name
Juan Francisco
Last Name
Díaz Morales
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Psicología
Department
Psicología Social, Trabajo y Diferencial
Area
Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico
Identifiers
12 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 12
Item Sleep habits and circadian preferences in school-aged children attending a Mexican double-shift school system(Sleep Medicine, 2021) Arrona-Palacios, Arturo; Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Adan, AnaObjective: To determine the differences between sleep habits and circadian preference in school-aged children attending a Mexican double-shift school system. Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 400 elementary public-school children (mean age = 10.77, SD = 0.70 y, from 4th, 5th and 6th grades) in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, in northeastern Mexico. Attending a double-shift school system: 200 from the morning shift and 200 in the afternoon shift. Specific questions regarding sleep habits were collected and for circadian preference, the Morningness-Eveningness Scale for Children (MESC) was used. Results: Multivariate analysis reported no sex differences. Children attending at the morning shift during weekdays rose earlier, reported shorter time in bed and earlier midpoint of sleep than those in the afternoon shift. On weekends, morning shift children went to bed later than afternoon shift. Morning shift reported greater social jetlag, shorter average sleep length and more sleep deficit than afternoon shift. During weekdays and weekends evening type children went to bed later, rose later and reported later midpoint of sleep. Also, evening type reported more social jetlag than morning types. Conclusion: This study suggests that early school start times can have a detrimental effect on Mexican children. Moreover, the morning shift children may be at more risk of poor health due to the higher social jetlag, as well as a higher tendency to be sleep deprived. On the other hand, the afternoon shift represents an important social environment that allows children to follow their natural physiological needs and a more optimal sleep health.- Project number: 151
Item Innovaciones prácticas y recursos educativos en Psicología Diferencial(2022) Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Merino Rivera, María Dolores; López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Perakakis, Pandelis; Álvarez Gutiérrez, Mateo; González García, María del CarmenEl proyecto de innovación docente ha tenido como objetivo desarrollar metodologías docentes para la enseñanza de la asignatura Psicología Diferencial, del Grado de Psicología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Se pretendió incorporar nuevas metodologías docentes innovadoras junto con los recursos educativos que los desarrollasen de un modo didáctico. Por un lado, se desarrollaron innovaciones prácticas y/o aplicadas en la enseñanza de los cinco grandes bloques temáticos de la asignatura (Historia, concepto y ámbito; Metodología; Sistema Afectivo-Motivacional (Personalidad), Sistema Cognitivo (Inteligencia) y Sistema Ambiental; Origen de las diferencias individuales; Grupos, tipología y estilos), y por otro se creó un banco de recursos docentes para el profesorado de la asignatura. Item Sleep habits, circadian preference and substance use in a Mexican population: The use of the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale improved (MESSi)(Chronobiology International, 2020) Arrona-Palacios, Arturo; Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Adan, Ana; Randler, ChristophThis study aimed to validate the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale improved (MESSi) in Mexico, analyzing the factor structure and sleep habits, combined with the proposal of cut-off values for the scales, and to assess the relationship with substance use. We applied the questionnaires through an online survey to a total sample of 510 Mexicans, aged 18-77 years (M = 27.79, SD = 10.24). The MESSi showed an acceptable fit and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were good to satisfactory in the Mexican sample in every subscale: Morning Affect (MA, α = 0.90), Eveningness (EV, α = 0.88), Distinctness (DI, α = 0.80). In order to obtain a better interpretation of the MESSi subscales we decided to propose cut-off points corresponding to the 25th-75th percentile. The categories were depicted as: strong trait presence, intermediate trait presence and weak trait presence. When applying the cut-off points for the MESSi sub-scales, with Morning Affect (MA), strong-types went to bed and woke up earlier and had more sleep than weak-types during weekdays and weekends and reported less social jetlag. For Eveningness (EV), strong-types went to bed and woke up later than weak-types on weekdays and weekends. Also, strong-types had a shorter time in bed during weekdays but not on weekends and reported more social jetlag. Lastly with Distinctness (DI), the results reported that those with a strong-type showed greater amplitude on weekdays and weekends. Furthermore, the MESSi scale found that evening people consumed more alcohol and tobacco. Our study supported the validity and reliability of the MESSi in a Mexican population and the relationship between eveningness and substance consumption. Furthermore, the proposed cut-off scores for the MESSi sub-scales add a novel approach for the measurement and interpretation of the scale.- Project number: 220
Item Instrumentos de evaluación del género: edición de un catálogo(2020) Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Parra Robledo, Zaida; Dávila De León, María Celeste; Vallellano Pérez, María DoloresEl propósito del proyecto de innovación fue generar una segunda versión del catálogo de las medidas de género (escalas, inventarios, test, etc.) que se habían recopilado en un proyecto de innovación anterior (convocatoria 2019/2020), dando así continuidad al trabajo realizado. Se creó una segunda versión del catálogo que ya es un recurso didáctico de referencia para el alumnado que cursa el Máster Universitario Oficial en Estudios de Género, así como para cualquier estudiante de otros Másteres Oficiales que desee incorporar la perspectiva del género en sus trabajos e investigaciones. Item Relaciones de pareja: grado de semejanza y bienestar(2021) Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Parra Robledo, ZaidaEl presente trabajo incluye parte del material de enseñanza utilizado en las actividades prácticas de la asignatura Psicología Diferencial (Grado en Psicología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid). La práctica “Grado de sincronía en tiempos y semejanza de género en parejas” se enmarca en el bloque de trabajo relacionado con la evaluación e investigación en estilos de personalidad y temperamento del programa de la asignatura Psicología Diferencial, en donde se considera como unidad de análisis la diada para el estudio de las diferencias interindividuales e intergrupales. En este material de enseñanza se describen los principales procedimientos y técnicas para calcular el grado de semejanza en parejas. Tras una breve introducción (1), se describe brevemente la relevancia del estudio de las relaciones de parejas como unidad de análisis (2), las teorías sobre emparejamiento selectivo (3), para posteriormente describir con ejemplos las principales técnicas estadísticas para calcular el grado de semejanza en parejas: puntuaciones diferenciales (4), correlaciones (5), parejas reales vs. aleatorias (6), perfil de semejanza (7), patrón de semejanza (8), modelo de precisión social (9), semejanza en perfiles intercambiables (10), el modelo de interdependencia actor-pareja (11), y un ejemplo extraído de una publicación en la que se usó en modelo de interdependencia actor-pareja (12). Finalmente, unas conclusiones (13) y la bibliografía (14).Item Spanish adaptation of the Gender-Related Variables for Health Research (GVHR): factorial structure and relationship with health variables(The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 2023) Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Esteban Gonzalo, Sara; Martín María, Natalia; Puig-Navarro, YaizaThe aim of the present study was to conduct a preliminary study of the Stanford Gender-Related Variables for Health Research (GVHR) adapted to the Spanish population, testing its factor structure, sex factorial invariance and relationship with health variables. Participants were 438 adults between 19–73 years old (M = 31.90, SD = 12.12) who completed the GVHR and measures of health-related quality of life, psychological health, and health-risk behaviors. The confirmatory factorial analysis of the GVHR indicated an acceptable fit to the 7-factor structure as proposed for the North American population. Emotional intelligence and independence factors had low internal consistency, therefore, a five-factor model was tenable in the Spanish population. Sex scalar invariance was tenable, indicating that the factors latent means can be meaningfully compared across sex. Univariate logistic regressions indicated that women reported worse mental and physical health and more health limitations, but this effect dissipated when gender variables were considered. Caregiver and work strain stood out as the variables related to gender that predicted worse health-related quality of life, psychological health, and health-risk behaviors. In conclusion, factorial structure of the GVHR may differ from one culture to another. Additionally, the variables related to gender in the GVHR give a better account of the differences in health compared to biological sex.Item Chronotype, Time of Day, and Performance on Intelligence Tests in the School Setting(Journal of Intelligence, 2023) Jankowski, Konrad S.; Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Vollmer, ChristianResearch suggests the existence of an association between chronotype and intellectual performance, but the nature of this link remains unclear. Studies conducted in a laboratory setting point to the synchrony effect (better performance at a person’s preferred time of day) for fluid intelligence, but not for crystallized intelligence, whereas studies that have analyzed students’ grades suggest that the effect exists for both. In the present study, we aimed to verify the synchrony effect by applying direct measures of crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence, and subjective sleepiness–alertness in a sample of high school students during their morning or afternoon class. The results revealed a synchrony effect for crystallized, but not for fluid intelligence. During morning class, students with a morning chronotype performed better than evening chronotypes on a test of crystallized intelligence, whereas during afternoon class there was no difference between chronotypes. The association resulted from decreased performance during morning class in evening chronotypes that improved during afternoon class and constant performance in morning chronotypes. These effects were independent of sleepiness–alertness levels. The results suggest that individual differences between chronotypes may be important for tasks performed during morning classes, but not during afternoon ones, and that performance across school days may depend on time of day in evening chronotypes.Item Individual differences, personality, social, family and work variables on mental health during COVID-19 outbreak in Spain(Personality and Individual Differences, 2021) López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Aparicio García, Marta EveliaSpain is one of the countries with the highest number of Covid-19 cases per habitant. On March 14, 2020, the Government declared the State of Alarm which included the mandatory confinement of all citizens. On March 30 and April 11, we surveyed 1659 adults to research the relevance of social/work status and personality variables in the prediction of psychological health (anxiety, depression and life satisfaction). Results indicated that women and young reported higher anxiety, depression, conflict between work and family relationship, conscientiousness, and extraversion. Men reported higher emotional stability. The variables considered predicted a substantial percentage of variance on anxiety (36%), depression (38%) and life satisfaction (19%), with a significant relative contribution of personality traits. People with poorer psychological health also showed more conflict between work and family relationships. Working at office was more related to anxiety while working at home was more related to depression. We noted that the influence of impact of job status and conflict between work and family relationship as mental health as performance migth depend on individual differences. Depression, anxiety and life satisfaction were predicted by personality and social/work variables, which highlights the importance of consider these variables to address mental health in this situation.- Project number: 89
Item Aplicación de innovaciones prácticas y recursos educativos en psicología diferencial (Fase 2 del proyecto nº 151)(2023) Merino Rivera, Mª Dolores; Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; López-Núñez, Inmaculada; Perakakis, Pandelis; Sánchez López Iglesias, Iván; Aliagas Ocaña, Irene; Puig Navarro, Yaiza; Sánchez Ortega, Marta; González Íñiguez, Mª Dolores; Flórez de Uría Rello, José Mauricio; Romero Bados, Natalia; Fernández Caamaño, AdrianaEl presente proyecto es la FASE 2 de continuación del proyecto nº 151 titulado: Innovaciones prácticas y recursos educativos en Psicología Diferencial (FASE 1), que se desarrolló durante el curso académico 2021-22, que dirigió el profesor Juan Francisco Díaz Morales y del que formaban parte como PDI los/as profesores/as: Inmaculada López, Pandelis Perakakis y Mª Dolores Merino. Los objetivos de dicho proyecto fueron: Desarrollar a) innovaciones prácticas y/o aplicadas en la enseñanza de los cinco grandes temas de la asignatura de Psicología Diferencial y b) crear un banco de recursos docentes accesibles en abierto. Dichos objetivos se alcanzaron con éxito. Esta segunda parte del proyecto de innovación está dirigida a la ampliación y utilización de dichos materiales dentro de la dinámica de la clase y a la evaluación de la eficacia de los mismos. Los resultados indican que la implantación de este modelo de aprendizaje activo es eficaz. Item Factors Underpinning the Shift to Eveningness during Early Adolescence: Pubertal Development and Family Conflicts(Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2022) Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Escribano, Cristina; Puig Navarro, Yaiza; Jankowski, Konrad S.Biological and psychosocial factors have been related to the shift to eveningness during early adolescence but it is necessary to study them from a longitudinal perspective. This longitudinal study examined the contribution of these factors to the onset of a shift towards eveningness in early adolescence. A sample of 440 (49.9% boys) Spanish adolescents were assessed for pubertal development, family conflicts, and morningness/eveningness. The same measures were taken twice at the age of 12 and one year later (T1: M = 12.47, SD = 0.75 and T2: M = 13.64, SD = 0.78). Pubertal development and family conflicts were considered predictors of morningness/eveningness in a mixed-effects multilevel model. The developmental shift towards eveningness appeared in girls but not in boys. The shift was related to more advanced pubertal development and more conflicts in the family. This study has implications for shaping healthy sleep habits in adolescents and possible interventions focused on family dynamics.