Person:
Murillo Arroyo, Francisco Javier

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First Name
Francisco Javier
Last Name
Murillo Arroyo
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/74926
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales
Department
Economía Aplicada, Estructura e Historia
Area
Economía Aplicada
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Author: Del Rosal Crespo, Mario ×

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    Xabier Arrizabalo, Chile: milagro o quimera. Significado histórico del modelo económico de la dictadura a 50 años del golpe, IME, Madrid 2023
    (Vegueta. Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia, 2023) Del Rosal Crespo, Mario; Murillo Arroyo, Francisco Javier
    Reseña del libro "Chile: milagro o quimera. Significado histórico del modelo económico de la dictadura a 50 años del golpe", de Xabier Arrizabalo
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    The debate on Pension Systems: the paradigmatic cases of Chile and Spain
    (The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 2019) Murillo Arroyo, Francisco Javier; Arrizabalo Montoro, Xabier; Del Rosal Crespo, Mario
    The paper is focused on pensions systems in the light of two case studies which are antagonistic within the capitalist economy. On the one hand, the case of the Spanish pension scheme, based on the principle of intergenerational solidarity. This system, conquered by the working class after decades of struggle, constitutes the backbone of the Spanish Social Security system thanks to the creation and development of indirect and deferred wages. On the other hand, the Chilean pension scheme imposed by the Pinochet dictatorship and subsequently maintained. This system, based on individual capitalization and private management, rejects the principle of solidarity and, therefore, it makes impossible the construction of a decent pension structure. The comparison of the Spanish and the Chilean pension systems can be expressed in just one revealing fact: while in Spain pensions reach on average 79% of the last salary earned, in Chile benefits barely reach 33% for male workers and 25% for female workers. The analysis of both cases is framed on the critique of political economy and hence it is totally opposed to the current mainstream in economics. Instead of assuming methodological individualism and a harmonious view of human societies, as orthodoxy does, the critical paradigm conceives capitalist economy as a dialectic process determined by the existence of social classes with different and opposed interests.
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    Project number: 269
    Creación de un observatorio internacional sobre el mercado laboral, las condiciones de trabajo y la seguridad social, para su utilización docente
    (2019) Arrizabalo Montoro, Xabier; Del Rosal Crespo, Mario; Murillo Arroyo, Francisco Javier; Guerrero Jiménez, Diego; Vicent Valverde, Lucia; González Gozalo, Ricardo; Tzoneva, Roumiana; Costa Gomes, Cláudia María
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    False self-employment and bogus internships in Spain
    (The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 2023) Arrizabalo Montoro, Xabier; Del Rosal Crespo, Mario; Murillo Arroyo, Francisco Javier; Cambridge University Press
    This paper focuses on the state of precarious work in Spain: Are all those who work as self-employed persons and interns truly operating under those descriptions, or are many of them employees so precariously engaged that they have no labour contracts? If so, how has this come to pass? Why is it increasingly happening? This paper raises some answers based on the Marxist approach. We link employment instability to increased exploitation of the Spanish labour force. This trend is a reaction by capital to low rates of profit and the implementation of particular governmental economic policies implemented to meet the demands of the European Union. Due to the precariousness of work, prospects for achieving a stable and autonomous life for a large cohort of Spain’s working youth are seriously threatened.
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    La inevitable perversión de los avances tecnológicos bajo el capitalismo: mayor productividad y mayor explotación laboral
    (SOCIOLOGÍA Y TECNOCIENCIA, 2021) Arrizabalo Montoro, Xabier; Del Rosal Crespo, Mario; Murillo Arroyo, Francisco Javier
    Basta pensar en ámbitos como la informática, las telecomunicaciones, la nanotecnología, la biotecnología, la robótica o la llamada inteligencia artificial, entre otros, para identificar el hecho indiscutible de que en los últimos decenios ha habido enormes avances científicos y técnicos, ligados al aumento de la productividad del trabajo. Sin mirar la realidad social, de forma irreflexiva, podría pensarse que, “en consecuencia”, las condiciones de vida del conjunto de la población mundial han mejorado considerablemente. No es así. Esa idea es un fetiche, difundido por las clases dominantes para camuflar la realidad. Las condiciones de vida de la mayoría han empeorado, incluso en las economías históricamente más avanzadas. Y están amenazadas de nuevos retrocesos. Todas las posibilidades que ofrecen los avances científicos y técnicos no han permitido resolver el problema del hambre en el mundo. De acuerdo con la FAO, pese a que la población mundial no llega a los 8 000 millones y se producen alimentos con los que podrían nutrirse 12 000 millones, a razón de 2 700 calorías diarias, más de 815 millones de personas padecen hambre.