Person: Cortés Gardyn, Óscar
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First Name
Óscar
Last Name
Cortés Gardyn
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Veterinaria
Department
Producción Animal
Area
Producción Animal
Identifiers
10 results
Search Results
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Item Applications of Microsatellites and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for the Genetic Characterization of Cattle and Small Ruminants: An Overview(Ruminants, 2022) Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Gama, Luis TeloThe status of genetic diversity, adaptation to climate change or the identification of genes associated with traits of interest in livestock populations has been a major concern for scientists in the last decades. Biotechnology has evolved continuously, offering new tools and methodologies to analyse the genomes of livestock species. Biochemical markers or protein polymorphisms were the tools used for population studies many years ago, but over the last three decades the methodologies available to analyse livestock genomes have changed notably. The development of DNA molecular markers, especially microsatellites and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, opened new possibilities for a better understanding of livestock genomes, unthinkable until recently. However, Whole-Genome Sequencing technologies or genome editing techniques are changing the way to analyse or interact with the genomes, even before full advantage can be taken of all the possibilities open by the last group of molecular markers. The aim of this review is to summarize the opportunities available through livestock genome analysis in cattle and small ruminant populations, namely through the molecular markers most widely used over the last few years, including microsatellites and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms.- Project number: 94
Item El patrimonio veterinario como herramienta didáctica: elaboración de material multimedia por estudiantes de Veterinaria y Bellas Artes para la docencia de la Historia de la Veterinaria y la difusión del Museo Veterinario Complutense(2023) Sánchez De Lollano Prieto, Joaquín; San Andrés Larrea, Manuel Ignacio; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; García-Espantaleón Artal, Manuel; Benítez Prian, Nuria; Rey Sánchez, Almudena; Vergara Parra, Claudia María; Rodríguez Gómez, Juan Miguel; Sánchez Alonso, Isabel; Galán Caballero, Montaña; García Díaz, Noemí De Los-Ángeles; Canchado Córdoba, Cristina; Sánchez De Lollano Prieto, JoaquínLos profesores de Historia de la Veterinaria vienen presentando y desarrollando desde el curso 2011 sucesivos proyectos de innovación que han permitido dinamizar la enseñanza de esta materia interdisciplinar, entre humanidades y ciencias. Como continuación de esta trayectoria y para completar los resultados de los anteriores proyectos se propone incluir en la innovación docente el patrimonio disponible en el Museo Veterinario Complutense. A partir de su amplia y variada gama de piezas se persigue innovar la docencia de la asignatura a través de material multimedia elaborado por estudiantes. La propuesta se centra en el trabajo colaborativo, el desarrollo del concepto aula invertida, la interacción entre centros y estudiantes de facultades UCM (Veterinaria y Bellas Artes) y de otros países (internacionalización). Para ello, profesores de Veterinaria de diversos departamentos (especializados en Historia de la veterinaria) y de Bellas Artes (especializados en patrimonio e imagen) coordinarán a estudiantes de ambos centros con la colaboración de PAS con experiencia en la toma de imágenes y grabación y PAS de la biblioteca de Veterinaria. Se elaborará a partir de las piezas un documento y un material audiovisual. Éste a su vez lo deben difundir por redes y en presentaciones con posterior debate a otros estudiantes de sus centros y de otras facultades de diferentes países para completar contenidos y ampliar la difusión (incluyendo centros de Sudamérica coordinados por la facultad Veterinaria de Litoral, Argentina). En el aspecto docente el material se incluirá en el campus virtual como material didáctico para la asignatura Cultura, Historia e Identidad Veterinaria. Para su ejecución se harán equipos siguiendo tres apartados dentro de la evolución de la veterinaria: medicina y terapéutica animal, producciones animales y la seguridad alimentaria. Se introducirán en los textos contenidos alusivos a conflictos interculturales, temas de género e inclusión. Como ejemplo con el material de herrado y forja, testimonio de una antigua asignatura obligatoria y limitante, se explicará la difícil incorporación de la mujer en veterinaria. Asimismo, se hará una versión especial en inglés para su difusión a centros extranjeros y visitas de museo de otros países. Los materiales que se obtengan completarán y enriquecerán el repositorio digital de contenidos de la asignatura y los resultados del proyecto se difundirán a través de asociaciones científicas, congresos de docencia, la web de la facultad de Veterinaria y a través del Museo Veterinario. Item Inbreeding depression and runs of homozygosity islands in Asturiana de los Valles cattle breed after 30 years of selection(Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 2024) Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Andrino, Sara; Fernández, María; Carleos, CarlosInbreeding depression results in a decrease in the average phenotypic values of affected traits. It has been traditionally estimated from pedigree-based inbreeding coefficients. However, with the development of single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays, novel methods were developed for calculating the inbreeding coefficient, and consequently, inbreeding depression. The aim of the study was to analyse inbreeding depression in 6 growth and 2 reproductive traits in the Asturiana de los Valles cattle breed using both genealogical and molecular information. The pedigree group comprised 225,848 records and an average equivalent number of complete generations of 2.3. The molecular data comprised genotypes of 2693 animals using the Affymetrix medium-density chip. Using the pedigree information, three different inbreeding coefficients were estimated for the genotyped animals: the full pedigree coefficient (FPED), and the recent and ancient inbreeding coefficients based on the information of the last three generations (FPED<3G) and until the last three generations (FPED>3G), respectively. Using the molecular data, seven inbreeding coefficients were calculated. Four of them were estimated based on runs of homozygosity (ROH), considering (1) the total length (FROH), (2) segments shorter than 4 megabases (FROH<4), (3) between 4 and 17 megabases (FROH4-17), and (4) longer than 17 Mb (FROH>17). Additionally, the three inbreeding coefficients implemented in the Plink software (FHAT1-3) were estimated. Inbreeding depression was estimated using linear mixed-effects model with inbreeding coefficients used as covariates. All analysed traits (birth weight, preweaning average daily gain, weaning weight adjusted at 180 days, carcass weight, calving ease, age at first calving, calving interval) showed a statistically significant non-zero effect of inbreeding depression estimated from the pedigree group, except for the Postweaning Average Daily Gain trait. When inbreeding coefficients were based on the genomic group, statistically significant inbreeding depression was observed for two traits, Preweaning Average Daily Gain and Weaning Weight based on FROH, FROH>17, and FHAT3 inbreeding coefficients. Nevertheless, similar to inbreeding depression estimated based on pedigree information, estimates of inbreeding depression based on genomic information had no relevant economic impact. Despite this, from a long-term perspective, genotyped data could be included to maximize genetic progress in genetic programs following an optimal genetic contribution strategy and to consider individual inbreeding load instead global inbreeding. ROH islands were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, 8, 10, and 16. Such regions contain several candidate genes for growth development, intramuscular fat, body weight and lipid metabolism that are related to production traits selected in Asturiana de los Valles breed.Item A novel missense variant in endothelin‐2 ( EDN2 ) causes a growth and respiratory lethal syndrome in bovine(Animal Genetics, 2022) Eusebi, Paulina G.; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Contreras, Elisabeth; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Dunner Boxberger, Helene Susana; Sevane Fernández, NataliaThe high level of fragmentation of the Spanish Lidia cattle breed, divided into lineages called ‘castas’ and into herds within lineages based on reproductive isolation, increases the risk of homozygosity and the outbreak of recessive genetic defects. Since 2004, an increasing number of calves have been identified in a Lidia herd with signs of severe growth retardation, respiratory alterations and juvenile lethality, which constitutes a novel inherited syndrome in cattle and was subsequently termed growth and respiratory lethal syndrome. We performed a genome-wide association study on a cohort of 13 affected calves and 24 putative non-carrier parents, mapping the disease to a wide 6 cM region on bovine chromosome 3 (p < 10−7). Whole genome re-sequencing of three affected calves and three putative non-carrier parents identified a novel missense variant (c.149G>A|p.Cys50Tyr) in exon 2 of the endothelin 2 (EDN2) gene. Bioinformatic analyses of p.Cys50Tyr effects predicted them to be damaging for both the structure and the function of the edn2 protein, and to create a new site of splicing that may also affect the pattern of pre-mRNA splicing and exon definition. Sanger sequencing of this variant on the rest of the sample set confirmed the segregation pattern obtained with whole genome re-sequencing. The identification of the causative variant and the development of a diagnostic genetic test enable the efficient design of matings to keep the effective population size as high as possible, as well as providing insights into the first EDN2-associated hereditary disease in cattle or other species.Item Genetic Diversity of Five Galician (Northwestern Spain) Local Primitive Bovine Breeds Using Pedigree Records(Diversity, 2023) García Atance, María Asunción; Carleos, Carlos; Andrino, Sandra; Justo, José Ramón; Rivero, Castor José; Fernández, Miguel; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Cortés Gardyn, ÓscarCharacterization, inventory and monitoring trends of animal genetic resources of local breeds are crucial factors for the development of conservation strategies. Using genealogical information, the genetic diversity of five Spanish local bovine breeds located in the northwest of Spain in the region of Galicia, and called in the past Morenas Gallegas (Cachena, Caldelá, Frieiresa, Limiá and Vianesa), has been analysed. The results achieved a good quality of pedigree records in terms of integrity and deepness. In spite of the low census of the five breeds, (no more or even less than one thousand animals), the strategies developed for genetic diversity conservation since the end of the last century revealed positive results. An increase of generation intervals, the use of reproductive technologies and a higher animal exchange between herds are some strategies suggested to preserve the genetic diversity of the five Galician bovine breeds analysed.Item Rationalizing ex situ collection of reproductive materials for endangered livestock breed conservation(Ecological and Economics, 2021) De Oliveira Silva, Rafael ; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Hiemstra, Sipke-Joost; Oliveira Marques, Joao ; Tixier-Boichard, Michele; Moran, DominicImprovements in ex situ storage of genetic and reproductive materials offer an alternative for endangered livestock breed conservation, but collections should be optimized cost-effectively to avoid duplication, and with reference to the sustainability of in situ breeds. We developed a multi-period chance-constrained optimization model to rationalize collections of endangered livestock breeds at risk of in situ extinction in Spain. The model configures collections by determining the least-cost optimal collection locations, timing and material quantities (semen doses). A decision variable defining an “acceptable level of risk” allows decision makers to specify tolerable levels of in situ breed endangerment when taking ex situ collection and storage decisions. Using data from 18 gene banks we demonstrate how collections can be rationalized, and derive cost curves relating marginal ex situ collection cost and accepted probability of in situ extinction covering the period 2018 to 2060. The modelling framework can be replicated in countries seeking to rationalize ex situ collections under limited conservation budgets and uncertain in situ extinction risks.- Project number: 341
Item Creación de la Historioteca Veterinaria: píldoras de conocimiento sobre historia de la veterinaria(2021) Meana Mañes, María Aranzazu; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; López Rodríguez, Juan C.; Marín García, María Del Pilar; Sánchez De Lollano Prieto, Joaquín; Letre Nieto, María; Sanz Luengo, Fuencisla; Poza Burbano, Javier; García-Espantaleón Artal, Manuel; Abad García, Clara; Bermejo Moreno, Elena Maria; Cuesta Azcano, Raquel; Flechoso Fernández, Gonzalo; Manzano Reyes, Aránzazu; Mellado García, Marta; Nieto Lopez, Héctor; Parra Martínez, Elena; Pérez Pérez, Antonio; Pintado Laguna, Carlota Soledad; Rodríguez Peláez, Nuria; Rodríguez Rubio, Raquel; Ruiz de Elvira Sánchez, BlancaProyecto de Innovación Educativo 341 curso 20-21 Creación de la Historioteca Veterinaria: píldoras de conocimiento sobre historia de la veterinaria. Item Genomic Characterization of a Set of Iberian Peninsula Bovine Local Breeds at Risk of Extinction: Morenas Gallegas(Animals, 2020) García-Atance, María Asunción; Carleos, Carlos; Dunner Boxberger, Helene Susana; Eusebi, Paulina G.; Rivero, Castor José; Justo, José Ramón; Fernández, Miguel; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Cortés Gardyn, ÓscarA set of five local bovine breeds in danger of extinction named Cachena, Caldelá, Limiá, Frieiresa, and Vianesa and included in the group of Morenas Gallegas are located in the Autonomous Community of Galicia at the Northwest of Spain. Local authorities launched a conservation plan at the end of the 21th century in order to preserve this important genetic reservoir. However, Morenas Gallegas bovine breeds never have been analyzed with genomic tools and this information may be crucial to develop conservation plans. The aim of the study was to analyze their genetic diversity and genetic relationships with a set of local and cosmopolitan European bovine breeds using single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our results show own genetic signatures for the Morenas Gallegas breeds which form a separate cluster when compared to the Spanish breeds analyzed, with the exception of the Cachena breed. The genetic diversity levels of the Morenas Gallegas were intermediate or high, and low inbreeding coefficients can be found except for the Frieiresa breed (11%). Vianesa breed evidenced two lineages depending on the Frieiresa component influence. The Morenas Gallegas bovine breeds group represent an important Spanish bovine genetic reservoir and despite their classification within a single generic group, the five breeds show their own genetic uniqueness.- Project number: 270
Item Elaboración de píldoras educativas sobre Historia de la Veterinaria(2020) Meana Mañes, María Aranzazu; Sánchez De Lollano Prieto, Joaquín; Marín García, María Del Pilar; Picazo González, Rosa Ana; Toni Delgado, Paloma; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Sanz Luengo, María del Mar; Hurtado Corral, Izaskun; Letre Nieto, María; Blanco Palmero, Felipe A.; Poza Burbano, Javier; Almecija Arques, María Eugenia; Angosto Blanco, Esther; Cáceres Martín, Elisa; García Sanz, Sara; Midoes Pinto, Catarina; Jayme Fortun, Berta; Nombela Pérez, Rebeca; Parra Martínez, Elena; Rodríguez Hernández, Álvaro; Rodríguez Peláez, Nuria; Sánchez González, Paula; Gallego Romero, María DoloresTras el éxito de la utilización de la ludificación como motivación para el estudio de la Historia de la Veterinaria, nos propusimos crear pequeños vídeos o píldoras de conocimiento sobre hechos o personajes históricos que fueran reusables (se pueden utilizar en diferentes contextos), interoperables (sirven para propósitos diferentes) y accesibles por su formato digital que facilita el almacenaje y su recuperación. En este proyecto se ha grabado más escenas antes del confinamiento y preparados la historioteca con una de las píldoras ya definitivas. - Project number: PIMCD270/23-24
Item Se acabaron los atracones de Genética: recursos digitales para llevar la asignatura al día(2024) Pérez Cabal, María De Los Ángeles; Cervantes Navarro, Isabel; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Ojeda Marín, Candela; Sevane Fernández, NataliaLas asignaturas de materias básicas presentan un hándicap en la enseñanza, ya que el estudiantado no las considera a priori interesantes ni fundamentales en sus estudios. Los objetivos generales pretendían despertar el interés por la asignatura haciéndola más atractiva de estudiar, buscando 1) Potenciar el aprendizaje autónomo del estudiantado y el pensamiento científico, permitiendo un ritmo de aprendizaje personal, incrementando el número de herramientas a su disposición; 2) Optimizar el tiempo y los recursos de las actividades prácticas; y 3) Optimizar el sistema de evaluación continua de las prácticas de la asignatura. Para ello, se actualizaron o crearon tutoriales mediante lecciones en Moodle, cuestionarios de autoevaluación y se utilizaron aplicaciones como Quizziz para repasar contenidos vistos en clase. El uso de, al menos, dos de los 14 recursos digitales proporcionados para fomentar el autoaprendizaje ayuda a los repetidores a sacar una media de un punto más en la nota del examen, mientras que los de primera matrícula podrían duplicar su calificación. La implementación de la simulación de cruces para la práctica de genes ligados para abordar el objetivo 2 tuvo un resultado satisfactorio, ya que se pudo reducir el coste de recursos necesarios para el mantenimiento de las moscas de diferentes fenotipos. Por último, en la reunión de seguimiento docente con los estudiantes fue muy bien valorada la evaluación continua de las prácticas. Los estudiantes consideraron muy adecuado el tiempo dedicado a cada práctica y que pudieran evaluarse días después de finalizar cada una de ellas. Por todo esto, puede considerarse que los objetivos se han conseguido en su totalidad, aunque sería deseable fomentar más el autoaprendizaje y concienciar a los estudiantes del beneficio que les reporta.