Person:
Cortés Gardyn, Óscar

First Name

Óscar

Last Name

Cortés Gardyn

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/80452

Affiliation

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Faculty / Institute

Veterinaria

Department

Producción Animal

Area

Producción Animal

Identifiers

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 25

Project number: 269
Desarrollo de una herramienta interactiva online (campus virtual) para la realización y corrección de ejercicios como herramienta de aprendizaje en mejora genética
(2015) Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Dunner Boxberger, Helene Susana; Carleos Artime, Carlos
Se ha desarrollo de una herramienta interactiva para la resolución de problemas por parte del alumno de la asignatura Mejora Genética de los Animales de Interés Veterinario (Grado en Veterinaria). Al acceder a la herramienta, a través del campus virtual de la asignatura, selecciona entre el índice de problemas, aquel que desea resolver. Al introducir los resultados se corrige en el momento el ejercicio por lo que el alumno conoce los errores cometidos sin necesidad de esperar. El alumno puede utilizar la herramienta tantas veces como considere oportuno y en cada ingreso los datos de los problemas cambian. Los resultados introducidos por el alumno y sus calificaciones se almacenan, con el objetivo de analizar el uso de la herramienta y los resultados obtenidos por los alumnos. Para facilitar la resolución de los problemas al alumno se le facilita a través del campus virtual un documento con apuntes y un hilo abierto en el foro de la asignatura para la resolución de dudas entre ellos y con el profesor.
Applications of Microsatellites and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms for the Genetic Characterization of Cattle and Small Ruminants: An Overview
(Ruminants, 2022) Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Gama, Luis Telo
The status of genetic diversity, adaptation to climate change or the identification of genes associated with traits of interest in livestock populations has been a major concern for scientists in the last decades. Biotechnology has evolved continuously, offering new tools and methodologies to analyse the genomes of livestock species. Biochemical markers or protein polymorphisms were the tools used for population studies many years ago, but over the last three decades the methodologies available to analyse livestock genomes have changed notably. The development of DNA molecular markers, especially microsatellites and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, opened new possibilities for a better understanding of livestock genomes, unthinkable until recently. However, Whole-Genome Sequencing technologies or genome editing techniques are changing the way to analyse or interact with the genomes, even before full advantage can be taken of all the possibilities open by the last group of molecular markers. The aim of this review is to summarize the opportunities available through livestock genome analysis in cattle and small ruminant populations, namely through the molecular markers most widely used over the last few years, including microsatellites and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms.
Project number: 94
El patrimonio veterinario como herramienta didáctica: elaboración de material multimedia por estudiantes de Veterinaria y Bellas Artes para la docencia de la Historia de la Veterinaria y la difusión del Museo Veterinario Complutense
(2023) Sánchez De Lollano Prieto, Joaquín; San Andrés Larrea, Manuel Ignacio; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; García-Espantaleón Artal, Manuel; Benítez Prian, Nuria; Rey Sánchez, Almudena; Vergara Parra, Claudia María; Rodríguez Gómez, Juan Miguel; Sánchez Alonso, Isabel; Galán Caballero, Montaña; García Díaz, Noemí De Los-Ángeles; Canchado Córdoba, Cristina; Sánchez De Lollano Prieto, Joaquín
Los profesores de Historia de la Veterinaria vienen presentando y desarrollando desde el curso 2011 sucesivos proyectos de innovación que han permitido dinamizar la enseñanza de esta materia interdisciplinar, entre humanidades y ciencias. Como continuación de esta trayectoria y para completar los resultados de los anteriores proyectos se propone incluir en la innovación docente el patrimonio disponible en el Museo Veterinario Complutense. A partir de su amplia y variada gama de piezas se persigue innovar la docencia de la asignatura a través de material multimedia elaborado por estudiantes. La propuesta se centra en el trabajo colaborativo, el desarrollo del concepto aula invertida, la interacción entre centros y estudiantes de facultades UCM (Veterinaria y Bellas Artes) y de otros países (internacionalización). Para ello, profesores de Veterinaria de diversos departamentos (especializados en Historia de la veterinaria) y de Bellas Artes (especializados en patrimonio e imagen) coordinarán a estudiantes de ambos centros con la colaboración de PAS con experiencia en la toma de imágenes y grabación y PAS de la biblioteca de Veterinaria. Se elaborará a partir de las piezas un documento y un material audiovisual. Éste a su vez lo deben difundir por redes y en presentaciones con posterior debate a otros estudiantes de sus centros y de otras facultades de diferentes países para completar contenidos y ampliar la difusión (incluyendo centros de Sudamérica coordinados por la facultad Veterinaria de Litoral, Argentina). En el aspecto docente el material se incluirá en el campus virtual como material didáctico para la asignatura Cultura, Historia e Identidad Veterinaria. Para su ejecución se harán equipos siguiendo tres apartados dentro de la evolución de la veterinaria: medicina y terapéutica animal, producciones animales y la seguridad alimentaria. Se introducirán en los textos contenidos alusivos a conflictos interculturales, temas de género e inclusión. Como ejemplo con el material de herrado y forja, testimonio de una antigua asignatura obligatoria y limitante, se explicará la difícil incorporación de la mujer en veterinaria. Asimismo, se hará una versión especial en inglés para su difusión a centros extranjeros y visitas de museo de otros países. Los materiales que se obtengan completarán y enriquecerán el repositorio digital de contenidos de la asignatura y los resultados del proyecto se difundirán a través de asociaciones científicas, congresos de docencia, la web de la facultad de Veterinaria y a través del Museo Veterinario.
The genetic ancestry of American Creole cattle inferred from uniparental and autosomal genetic markers
(Scientific Reports, 2019) Ginja, Catarina; Gama, Luis Telo; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Martin Burriel, Inmaculada; Vega-Pla, Jose Luis; Penedo, Cecilia; Sponenberg, Phil; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Sanz, Arianne; do Egito, Andrea Alves; Alvarez, Luz Angela; Giovambattista, Guillermo; Agha, Saif; Rogberg-Muñoz, Andrés; Cassiano Lara, Maria Aparecida; Afonso, Sónia; Aguirre, Lenin; Armstrong, Eileen; Camacho Vallejo, Maria Esperanza; Canales, Amado; Cassamá, Bernardo; Contreras, Gloria; Cordeiro, J. M. Moras; Elbeltagy, Ahmed; Fioravanti, Maria Clorinda Soares; Gómez Carpio, Mayra; Gómez, Mariano; Hernández, Antonio; Hernandez, Darwin; Juliano, Raquel Soares; Landi, Vincenzo; Marques, Ribamar; Martínez, Rubén D.; Martínez, O. Roberto; Melucci, Lilia; Molina Flores, Baldomero; Mújica, Fernando; Parés i Casanova, Pere-Miquel; Quiroz,Jorge; Rodellar, Clementina; Tjon, Gerald; Adebambo, Tumininu; Uffo, Odalys; Vargas, Julio César; Villalobos, Axel; Zaragoza, Pilar; Dunner Boxberger, Helene Susana; Delgado, Juan Vicente; Martinez, Amparo
Cattle imported from the Iberian Peninsula spread throughout America in the early years of discovery and colonization to originate Creole breeds, which adapted to a wide diversity of environments and later received influences from other origins, including zebu cattle in more recent years. We analyzed uniparental genetic markers and autosomal microsatellites in DNA samples from 114 cattle breeds distributed worldwide, including 40 Creole breeds representing the whole American continent, and samples from the Iberian Peninsula, British islands, Continental Europe, Africa and American zebu. We show that Creole breeds differ considerably from each other, and most have their own identity or group with others from neighboring regions. Results with mtDNA indicate that T1c-lineages are rare in Iberia but common in Africa and are well represented in Creoles from Brazil and Colombia, lending support to a direct African influence on Creoles. This is reinforced by the sharing of a unique Y-haplotype between cattle from Mozambique and Creoles from Argentina. Autosomal microsatellites indicate that Creoles occupy an intermediate position between African and European breeds, and some Creoles show a clear Iberian signature. Our results confirm the mixed ancestry of American Creole cattle and the role that African cattle have played in their development.
Genomic Tools for Effective Conservation of Livestock Breed Diversity
(Diversity, 2019) Eusebi, Paulina G.; Martinez, Amparo; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar
Human concern about the status of genetic diversity in livestock breeds and their conservation has increased, as intense selection and reduced population sizes in many breeds has caused losses on the global livestock genetic biodiversity. Traditionally, pedigree data provided by the breeders were used to estimate genetic diversity parameters, but over the past decades, technology has made possible the development of genomic markers. The result has been new opportunities to estimate genetic diversity in more detail, and to improve selection as well as prioritizing animals for conservation of genetic resources. The aim of the review is to summarize the evolution of livestock genomic markers and to explore the potential of the newest high-throughput technologies for estimation and conservation of livestock genetic diversity. More accurate diversity parameters are observed when genomic information is used for selection decisions instead of the traditional estimates using pedigree data. It is also possible to estimate additional parameters such as linkage disequilibrium to calculate effective population size or to minimize the genetic relatedness among the selected individuals based on runs of homozygosity. For long-term perspectives, new methods on genome editing are considered as new perspectives to reach a genetic diversity balance.
Inbreeding depression and runs of homozygosity islands in Asturiana de los Valles cattle breed after 30 years of selection
(Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 2024) Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Andrino, Sara; Fernández, María; Carleos, Carlos
Inbreeding depression results in a decrease in the average phenotypic values of affected traits. It has been traditionally estimated from pedigree-based inbreeding coefficients. However, with the development of single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays, novel methods were developed for calculating the inbreeding coefficient, and consequently, inbreeding depression. The aim of the study was to analyse inbreeding depression in 6 growth and 2 reproductive traits in the Asturiana de los Valles cattle breed using both genealogical and molecular information. The pedigree group comprised 225,848 records and an average equivalent number of complete generations of 2.3. The molecular data comprised genotypes of 2693 animals using the Affymetrix medium-density chip. Using the pedigree information, three different inbreeding coefficients were estimated for the genotyped animals: the full pedigree coefficient (FPED), and the recent and ancient inbreeding coefficients based on the information of the last three generations (FPED<3G) and until the last three generations (FPED>3G), respectively. Using the molecular data, seven inbreeding coefficients were calculated. Four of them were estimated based on runs of homozygosity (ROH), considering (1) the total length (FROH), (2) segments shorter than 4 megabases (FROH<4), (3) between 4 and 17 megabases (FROH4-17), and (4) longer than 17 Mb (FROH>17). Additionally, the three inbreeding coefficients implemented in the Plink software (FHAT1-3) were estimated. Inbreeding depression was estimated using linear mixed-effects model with inbreeding coefficients used as covariates. All analysed traits (birth weight, preweaning average daily gain, weaning weight adjusted at 180 days, carcass weight, calving ease, age at first calving, calving interval) showed a statistically significant non-zero effect of inbreeding depression estimated from the pedigree group, except for the Postweaning Average Daily Gain trait. When inbreeding coefficients were based on the genomic group, statistically significant inbreeding depression was observed for two traits, Preweaning Average Daily Gain and Weaning Weight based on FROH, FROH>17, and FHAT3 inbreeding coefficients. Nevertheless, similar to inbreeding depression estimated based on pedigree information, estimates of inbreeding depression based on genomic information had no relevant economic impact. Despite this, from a long-term perspective, genotyped data could be included to maximize genetic progress in genetic programs following an optimal genetic contribution strategy and to consider individual inbreeding load instead global inbreeding. ROH islands were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, 8, 10, and 16. Such regions contain several candidate genes for growth development, intramuscular fat, body weight and lipid metabolism that are related to production traits selected in Asturiana de los Valles breed.
Conservation priorities of Iberoamerican pig breeds and their ancestors based on microsatellite information
(Heredity, 2016) Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Martínez, A. M.; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Sevane Fernández, Natalia; Gama, L. T.; Ginja, C.; Landi, V.; Zaragoza, P.; Carolino, N.; Vicente, A.; Sponenberg, P.; Delgado, J. V.; BioPig Consortium
Criollo pig breeds are descendants from pigs brought to the American continent starting with Columbus second trip in 1493. Pigs currently play a key role in social economy and community cultural identity in Latin America. The aim of this study was to establish conservation priorities among a comprehensive group of Criollo pig breeds based on a set of 24 microsatellite markers and using different criteria. Spain and Portugal pig breeds, wild boar populations of different European geographic origins and commercial pig breeds were included in the analysis as potential genetic influences in the development of Criollo pig breeds. Different methods, differing in the weight given to within- and between-breed genetic variability, were used in order to estimate the contribution of each breed to global genetic diversity. As expected, the partial contribution to total heterozygosity gave high priority to Criollo pig breeds, whereas Weitzman procedures prioritized Iberian Peninsula breeds. With the combined within- and between-breed approaches, different conservation priorities were achieved. The Core Set methodologies highly prioritized Criollo pig breeds (Cr. Boliviano, Cr. Pacifico, Cr. Cubano and Cr. Guadalupe). However, weighing the between- and within-breed components with FST and 1-FST, respectively, resulted in higher contributions of Iberian breeds. In spite of the different conservation priorities according to the methodology used, other factors in addition to genetic information also need to be considered in conservation programmes, such as the economic, cultural or historical value of the breeds involved.
New single nucleotide polymorphisms in Alectoris identified using chicken genome information allow Alectoris introgression detection
(Molecular Ecology Resources, 2010) Sevane Fernández, Natalia; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; García D; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Dunner Boxberger, Helene Susana
Using the chicken genome, 114 polymorphisms (109 SNPs and 5 INDELs) were identified in the Alectoris genus by polymerase chain reaction–single strand conformation polymorphism. Using these, a panel of SNPs is described, which allows easy detection of introgression of Alectoris chukar in wild Alectoris rufa populations, when used with a primer extension protocol. The selected polymorphisms were genotyped and their allelic frequencies estimated on 98 A. rufa partridges sampled from nonrestocking Spanish areas, and 63 A. chukar partridges from Greek and Spanish farms. Power calculations to determine an optimum subset of markers for a given significance level were performed.
A novel missense variant in endothelin‐2 ( EDN2 ) causes a growth and respiratory lethal syndrome in bovine
(Animal Genetics, 2022) Eusebi, Paulina G.; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar; Contreras, Elisabeth; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Dunner Boxberger, Helene Susana; Sevane Fernández, Natalia
The high level of fragmentation of the Spanish Lidia cattle breed, divided into lineages called ‘castas’ and into herds within lineages based on reproductive isolation, increases the risk of homozygosity and the outbreak of recessive genetic defects. Since 2004, an increasing number of calves have been identified in a Lidia herd with signs of severe growth retardation, respiratory alterations and juvenile lethality, which constitutes a novel inherited syndrome in cattle and was subsequently termed growth and respiratory lethal syndrome. We performed a genome-wide association study on a cohort of 13 affected calves and 24 putative non-carrier parents, mapping the disease to a wide 6 cM region on bovine chromosome 3 (p < 10−7). Whole genome re-sequencing of three affected calves and three putative non-carrier parents identified a novel missense variant (c.149G>A|p.Cys50Tyr) in exon 2 of the endothelin 2 (EDN2) gene. Bioinformatic analyses of p.Cys50Tyr effects predicted them to be damaging for both the structure and the function of the edn2 protein, and to create a new site of splicing that may also affect the pattern of pre-mRNA splicing and exon definition. Sanger sequencing of this variant on the rest of the sample set confirmed the segregation pattern obtained with whole genome re-sequencing. The identification of the causative variant and the development of a diagnostic genetic test enable the efficient design of matings to keep the effective population size as high as possible, as well as providing insights into the first EDN2-associated hereditary disease in cattle or other species.
Genetic Diversity of Five Galician (Northwestern Spain) Local Primitive Bovine Breeds Using Pedigree Records
(Diversity, 2023) García Atance, María Asunción; Carleos, Carlos; Andrino, Sandra; Justo, José Ramón; Rivero, Castor José; Fernández, Miguel; Cañón Ferreras, Francisco Javier; Cortés Gardyn, Óscar
Characterization, inventory and monitoring trends of animal genetic resources of local breeds are crucial factors for the development of conservation strategies. Using genealogical information, the genetic diversity of five Spanish local bovine breeds located in the northwest of Spain in the region of Galicia, and called in the past Morenas Gallegas (Cachena, Caldelá, Frieiresa, Limiá and Vianesa), has been analysed. The results achieved a good quality of pedigree records in terms of integrity and deepness. In spite of the low census of the five breeds, (no more or even less than one thousand animals), the strategies developed for genetic diversity conservation since the end of the last century revealed positive results. An increase of generation intervals, the use of reproductive technologies and a higher animal exchange between herds are some strategies suggested to preserve the genetic diversity of the five Galician bovine breeds analysed.