Person: Fernández Barrenechea, José María
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First Name
José María
Last Name
Fernández Barrenechea
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Ciencias Geológicas
Department
Mineralogía y Petrología
Area
Cristalografía y Mineralogía
Identifiers
61 results
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Item Sandstone petrography of continental depositional sequences of an intraplate rift basin: western Cameros Basin (North Spain)(Journal of sedimentary research, 2009) Arribas Mocoroa, José; Alonso Millán, Ángela; Mas Mayoral, José Ramón; Tortosa, A.; Rodas González, Magdalena; Fernández Barrenechea, José María; Alonso Azcárate, Jacinto; Artigas, RosanaThe Cameros Basin in Central Spain is an intraplate rift basin that developed from Late Jurassic to Middle Albian time along NW–SE trending troughs. The sedimentary basin fill was deposited predominantly in continental environments and comprises several depositional sequences. These sequences consist of fluvial sandstones that commonly pass upward into lacustrine deposits at the top, producing considerable repetition of facies. This study focused on the western sector of the basin, where a total of seven depositional sequences (DS- 1 to DS-7) have been identified. The composition of sandstones permits the characterization of each sequence in terms of both clastic constituents and provenance. In addition, four main petrofacies are identified. Petrofacies A is quartzosedimentolithic (mean of Qm85F2Lt13) and records erosion of marine Jurassic pre-rift cover during deposition of fluvial deposits of DS-1 (Brezales Formation). Petrofacies B is quartzofeldspathic (mean of Qm81F14Lt5) with P/F > 1 at the base. This petrofacies was derived from the erosion of low- to medium-grade metamorphic terranes of the West Asturian–Leonese Zone of the Hesperian Massif during deposition of DS-2 (Jaramillo Formation) and DS-3 (Salcedal Formation). Quartzose sandstones characterize the top of DS-3 (mean of Qm92F4Lt4). Petrofacies C is quartzarenitic (mean of Qm95F3Lt2) with P/F > 1 and was produced by recycling of sedimentary cover (Triassic arkoses and carbonate rocks) in the SW part of the basin (DS-4, Pen˜ - acoba Formation). Finally, depositional sequences 5, 6, and 7 (Pinilla de los Moros–Hortigüela, Pantano, and Abejar–Castrillo de la Reina formations, respectively) contain petrofacies D. This petrofacies is quartzofeldspathic with P/F near zero and a very low concentration of metamorphic rock fragments (from Qm85F11Lt4 in Pantano Formation to Qm73F26Lt1 in Castrillo de la Reina Formation). Petrofacies D was generated by erosion of coarse crystalline plutonics located in the Central Iberian Zone of the Hesperian Massif. In addition to sandstone petrography, these provenance interpretations are supported by clay mineralogy of interbedded shales. Thus, shales related to petrofacies A and C have a variegated composition (illite, kaolinite, and randomly interlayered illite–smectite mixed-layer clays); the presence of chlorite characterizes interbedded shales from petrofacies B; and Illite and kaolinite are the dominant clays associated with petrofacies D. These petrofacies are consistent with the depositional sequences and their hierarchy. An early megacycle, consisting of petrofacies A and B (DS-1 to DS-3) was deposited during the initial stage of rifting, when troughs developed in the West Asturian–Leonese Zone. A second stage of rifting resulted in propagation of trough-bounding faults to the SW, involving the Central Iberian Zone as a source terrane and producing a second megacycle consisting of petrofacies C and D (DS-4, DS-5, DS-6, and DS-7). Sandstone composition has proven to be a powerful tool in basin analysis and related tectonic inferences on intraplate rift basins because of the close correlation that exists between depositional sequences and petrofacies.Item Permian-Triassic continental rocks of the SE Iberian Ranges: Architecture, tectonics and geochemical characteristics in the context of a rift basin(2011) López Gómez, Julián; Arche, A.; Horra Del Barco, Raúl De La; Galán-Abellán, B.; Fernández Barrenechea, José María- Project number: 245
Item Aplicación didáctica mediante virtualización de afloramientos geológicos por medio herramientas digitales de muy alta resolución(2022) García Lorenzo, María De La Luz; Abati Gómez, Jacobo; Álvarez Sierra, María De Los Ángeles; Ancochea Soto, Eumenio; Arribas Mocoroa, María Eugenia; Arroyo Rey, Xabier; Benito Moreno, María Isabel; Campos Soto, Sonia; Castiñeiras García, Pedro; Crespo Feo, María Elena; Fernández Barrenechea, José María; García Romero, Emilia; Granja Bruña, José Luis; Huertas Coronel, María José; Ignacio San José, Cristina de; López De Andrés, María Sol; Martín Chivelet, Javier; Martínez Santos, Pedro; Montero González, Esperanza; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Orejana García, David; Pieren Pidal, Agustín Pedro; Piña García, Rubén; Sánchez Donoso, Ramón; Suárez González, Pablo; Pertuz Dominguez, AlejandroTras la situación sanitaria del curso 2019-2020 y a través del Proyecto INNOVA Gestión 223 de la convocatoria del año 2020-2021, la Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas ha adquirido una herramienta para la virtualización de afloramientos geológicos. Durante el curso 2020-2021 se ha virtualizado una salida de campo de cada uno de los grados que se imparten en la Facultad, Grado en Geología y Grado en Ingeniería Geológica. Además, la mayor parte de la actividad de campo de este curso tendrá lugar durante el mes de mayo, por lo que los profesores van a poder realizar la virtualización de sus salidas de campo mientras realizan la salida presencial con los estudiantes, o incluso en algunas asignaturas los propios estudiantes van a ser los responsables de la virtualización de las mismas. Por ello, la herramienta GIGAPAN no sólo es de elevada utilidad en momentos en los que las restricciones de movilidad impiden la realización del campo sino que también permiten aplicar metodologías docentes invertidas durante la realización de los campamentos. De este modo los estudiantes pasan a tener un papel activo en relación a su proceso de aprendizaje. La herramienta GIGAPAN permite que se combinen imágenes fotográficas de megapíxeles de alta resolución para crear imágenes panorámicas de gigapíxeles que luego se pueden explorar a muchas escalas haciendo zoom y visión panorámica. Los GigaPans son gigapíxeles panorámicos, imágenes digitales con billones de píxeles. Gigapan crea panorámicas enormes, para conseguir elevado detalle con mucha nitidez. Además de proporcionar una experiencia de aprendizaje alternativa, estos recursos permiten una visita 'virtual' que puede ser una herramienta de aprendizaje útil en cualquier escenario docente. La utilidad del material generado tiene validez más allá de la pandemia, ya que puede ser utilizado por los estudiantes en el estudio de las asignaturas de la titulación, con un enorme potencial didáctico hasta ahora poco explorado. Hasta la fecha el GIGAPAN se ha venido utilizando con cámaras personales de profesores de la Facultad, por lo que se hace necesario completar esta herramienta con una cámara compatible con el módulo que permita ser usada tanto por profesores que no dispongan de la misma como por estudiantes de la Facultad. Item Key factors controlling massive graphite deposition in volcanic settings: an example of a self-organized critical system(Journal of the Geological Society, 2012) Luque Del Villar, Francisco Javier; Ortega Menor, Lorena; Fernández Barrenechea, José María; Huizenga, Jan-Marten; Millward, DavidMassive graphite deposition resulting in volumetrically large occurrences in volcanic environments is usually hindered by the low carbon contents of magmas and by the degassing processes occurring during and after magma emplacement. In spite of this, two graphite deposits are known worldwide associated with volcanic settings, at Borrowdale, UK, and Huelma, Spain. As inferred from the Borrowdale deposit, graphite mineralization resulted from the complex interaction of several factors, so it can be considered as an example of self-organized critical systems. These factors, in turn, could be used as potential guides for exploration. The key factors influencing graphite mineralization in volcanic settings are as follows: (1) an unusually high carbon content of the magmas, as a result of the assimilation of carbonaceous metasedimentary rocks; (2) the absence of significant degassing, related to the presence of sub-volcanic rocks or hypabyssal intrusions, acting as barriers to flow; (3) the exsolution of a carbon-bearing aqueous fluid phase; (4) the local structural heterogeneity (represented at Borrowdale by the deep-seated Burtness Comb Fault); (5) the structural control on the deposits, implying an overpressured, fluid-rich regime favouring a focused fluid flow; (6) the temperature changes associated with fluid flow and hydration reactions, resulting in carbon supersaturation in the fluid, and leading to disequilibrium in the system. This disequilibrium is regarded as the driving force for massive graphite precipitation through irreversible mass-transfer reactions. Therefore, the formation of volcanic-hosted graphite deposits can be explained in terms of a self-organized critical system.Item Fluid composition and reactions of graphite precipitation in the volcanic-Hosted deposit at Borrowdale (NW England): evidence from fluid inclusions(Macla, 2008) Ortega Menor, Lorena; Luque Del Villar, Francisco Javier; Fernández Barrenechea, José María; Millward, David; Beyssac, Olivier; Hizenga, Jan Marten; Rodas González, MagdalenaItem Vein graphite deposits: geological settings, origin, and economic significance(Mineralium deposita, 2014) Luque Del Villar, Francisco Javier; Crespo Feo, María Elena; Huizenga, Jan-Marten; Wada, Hideki; Ortega Menor, Lorena; Fernández Barrenechea, José MaríaGraphite deposits result from the metamorphism of sedimentary rocks rich in carbonaceous matter or from precipitation from carbon-bearing fluids (or melts). The latter process forms vein deposits which are structurally controlled and usually occur in granulites or igneous rocks. The origin of carbon, the mechanisms of transport, and the factors controlling graphite deposition are discussed in relation to their geological settings. Carbon in granulite-hosted graphite veins derives from sublithospheric sources or from decarbonation reactions of carbonate-bearing lithologies, and it is transported mainly in CO2-rich fluids from which it can precipitate. Graphite precipitation can occur by cooling, water removal by retrograde hydration reactions, or reduction when the CO2-rich fluid passes through relatively low-fO2 rocks. In igneous settings, carbon is derived from assimilation of crustal materials rich in organic matter, which causes immiscibility and the formation of carbon-rich fluids or melts. Carbon in these igneous-hosted deposits is transported as CO2 and/or CH4 and eventually precipitates as graphite by cooling and/or by hydration reactions affecting the host rock. Independently of the geological setting, vein graphite is characterized by its high purity and crystallinity, which are required for applications in advanced technologies. In addition, recent discovery of highly crystalline graphite precipitation from carbonbearing fluids atmoderate temperatures in vein depositsmight provide an alternative method for the manufacture of synthetic graphite suitable for these new applications.Item Graphite morphologies from the Borrowdale deposit (NW England, UK): Raman and SIMS data(Contributions to mineralogy and petrology, 2009) Fernández Barrenechea, José María; Luque Del Villar, Francisco Javier; Millward, David; Ortega Menor, Lorena; Beyssac, Olivier; Rodas González, MagdalenaGraphite in the Borrowdale (Cumbria, UK) deposit occurs as large masses within mineralized pipe-like bodies, in late graphite–chlorite veins, and disseminated through the volcanic host rocks. This occurrence shows the greatest variety of crystalline graphite morphologies recognized to date from a single deposit. These morphologies described herein include flakes, cryptocrystalline and spherulitic aggregates, and dish-like forms. Colloform textures, displayed by many of the cryptocrystalline aggregates, are reported here for the first time from any graphite deposit worldwide. Textural relationships indicate that spherulitic aggregates and colloform graphite formed earlier than flaky crystals. This sequence of crystallization is in agreement with the precipitation of graphite from fluids with progressively decreasing supersaturation. The structural characterization carried out by means of Raman spectroscopy shows that, with the exception of colloform graphite around silicate grains and pyrite within the host rocks, all graphite morphologies display very high crystallinity. The microscale SIMS study reveals light stable carbon isotope ratios for graphite (δ13C = -34.5 to -30.2%), which are compatible with the assimilation of carbon-bearing metapelites in the Borrowdale Volcanic Group magmas. Within the main mineralized breccia pipelike bodies, the isotopic signatures (with cryptocrystalline graphite being lighter than flaky graphite) are consistent with the composition and evolution of the mineralizing fluids inferred from fluid inclusion data which indicate a progressive loss of CO2. Late graphite–chlorite veins contain isotopically heavier spherulitic graphite than flaky graphite. This agrees with CH4-enriched fluids at this stage of the mineralizing event, resulting in the successive precipitation of isotopically heavier graphite morphologies. The isotopic variations of the different graphite morphologies can be attributed therefore, to changes in the speciation of carbon in the fluids coupled with concomitant changes in the XH2O during precipitation of graphite and associated hydrous minerals (mainly epidote and chlorite).Item Cambios mineralógicos en una bentonita tras 7,6 años de tratamiento termo-hidráulico(Macla, 2008) Gómez Espina, Roberto; Villar Galicia, María Victoria; Fernández Barrenechea, José María; Luque Del Villar, Francisco Javier; Cuevas Rodríguez , JaimeItem Constraining the Permian/Triassic transition in continental environments: Stratigraphic and paleontological record from the Catalan Pyrenees (NE Iberian Peninsula)(Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology, 2016) Mujal, Eudald; Grette, Nicola; Ronchi, Ausonio; López Gómez, José; Falconnet, Jocelyn; Diez Ferrer, José B.; Horra Del Barco, Raúl De La; Bolet, Arnau; Oms Llobet, Oriol; Arche, Alfredo; Fernández Barrenechea, José María; Steyer, J.Sébastien; Fortuny, JosepThe continental Permian-Triassic transition in southern Europe presents little paleontological evidence of the Permian mass extinction and the subsequent faunal recovery during the early stages of the Triassic. New stratigraphic, sedimentological and paleontological analyses from Middle-Upper Permian to Lower-Middle Triassic deposits of the Catalan Pyrenees (NE Iberian Peninsula) allow to better constrain the Permian-Triassic succession in the Western Tethys basins, and provide new (bio-) chronologic data. For the first time, a large vertebra attributed to a caseid synapsid from the ?Middle Permian is reported from the Iberian Peninsula - one of the few reported from western Europe. Osteological and ichnological records from the Triassic Buntsandstein facies reveal a great tetrapod ichnodiversity, dominated by small to medium archosauromorphs and lepidosauromorphs (Rhynchosauroides cf. schochardti, R. isp. 1 and 2, Prorotodactylus-Rotodactylus, an undetermined Morphotype A and to a lesser degree large archosaurians (chirotheriids), overall suggesting a late Early Triassic-early Middle Triassic age. This is in agreement with recent palynological analyses in the Buntsandstein basal beds that identify different lycopod spores and other bisaccate and taeniate pollen types of late Olenekian age (Early Triassic). The Permian caseid vertebra was found in a playa-lake setting with a low influence of fluvial water channels and related to the distal parts of alluvial fans. In contrast, the Triassic Buntsandstein facies correspond to complex alluvial fan systems, dominated by highenergy channels and crevasse splay deposits, hence a faunal and environmental turnover is observed. The Pyrenean biostratigraphical data show similarities with those of the nearby Western Tethys basins, and can be tentatively correlated with North African and European basins. The Triassic Pyrenean fossil remains might rank among the continental oldest records of the Western Tethys, providing new keys to decipher the Triassic faunal biogeography and recovery.Item Characterization of the Carnian Pluvial Episode in the Argana Basin (Western High Atlas, Morocco): An approach based on sedimentology, clay mineralogy and paleosols(Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2023) Tourani, A.; Benaouiss, N; Horra Del Barco, Raúl De La; Fernández Barrenechea, José María; Gallego, O. F.; López Gómez, J.; Bourquin, S.We report on a multi-proxy study of the Carnian Pluvial Episode in the continental Argana Basin (Morocco) based on mineralogy, geochemistry, paleosols and sedimentary features. The study focus on two sections of the Irohalene Member (unit t5) of the Timezgadiouine Formation dated as late Julian-early Tuvalian through clam shrimp (conchostracan) associations. The sedimentary study of the Irohalene Member defines three parts: lower, middle and upper (t5.1, t5.2, t5.3 respectively). The base of the lower part comprises channels with gravel and sandy bars related to proximal areas, and fluvial meandering systems, overbank and floodplain deposits developing upwards. Extensive floodplains showing the development of siliciclastic and carbonate lakes mostly represent the t5.2 and t5.3 parts, although the sedimentary characteristics of the former reflect more humid and permanent water conditions. These more humid characteristics are also indicated by the drastic change from calcareous paleosols in t5.1 to smectitic Vertisols in t5.2, which occur in relation to thin layers of lacustrine carbonates, greenish lutites, and hybrid oolitic sandstones of palustrine environments. Stable carbon and oxygen isotope data are consistent with a general tendency towards the arid conditions observed in the Tadart Ouadou t6 Member of the Bigoudine Formation, of fluvial-eolian origin and younger in age. This general tendency is interrupted by at least two humid yet hot intervals characterized by pedogenic carbonates featuring lighter isotope compositions and lacustrine carbonates precipitated under conditions of high temperatures and evaporation rates.