Person:
Aranaz Martín, Alicia

First Name

Alicia

Last Name

Aranaz Martín

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/80385

Affiliation

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Faculty / Institute

Veterinaria

Department

Sanidad Animal

Area

Sanidad Animal

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 24

Molecular epidemiology of Types I/III strains of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolated from goats and cattle
(Veterinary Microbiology, 2006) Juan Ferré, Lucía De; Álvarez Sánchez, Julio; Aranaz Martín, Alicia; Rodríguez Bertos, Antonio Manuel; Romero Martínez, Beatriz; Bezos Garrido, Javier; Mateos García, Ana Isabel; Domínguez Rodríguez, Lucas José
Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. a. paratuberculosis) isolates classifies them into three groups: cattle or Type II, sheep or Type I, and intermediate or Type III. To avoid problems associated with characterization of extremely slow growth strains, PCR-based techniques that divide the M. a. paratuberculosis strains in two main groups (cattle or Type II, and sheep or Types I/III) can be performed. The objectives of this study were to characterize the M. a. paratuberculosis isolates identified by different PCR-based tests (IS1311-PCR and restriction endonuclease analysis, PCR test based on a DNA sequence difference, and a PCR aimed at three Type I-specific loci), and to determine the clinical and epidemiological implications of Types I/III M. a. paratuberculosis strains in livestock. One hundred and fifty-eight M. a. paratuberculosis strains from domestic ruminants were analyzed. One hundred and six M. a. paratuberculosis isolates (61 from goats and 45 from cattle) were classified as Type II strains; and 52 (29 from cows, 20 from goats, and three from sheep) were included in the Types I/III. The Types I/III M. a. paratuberculosis strains were associated to Spanish native breeds. The majority of these animals had not been in direct or indirect contact with sheep flocks infected with M. a. paratuberculosis. This fact should be taken into account when implementing paratuberculosis control programs.
Protection against Tuberculosis in Eurasian Wild Boar Vaccinated with Heat-Inactivated Mycobacterium bovis
(PLoS ONE, 2011) Dieli, Francesco; Garrido, Joseba M.; Sevilla, Iker A.; Beltrán-Beck, Beatriz; Minguijón, Esmeralda; Ballesteros, Cristina; Galindo, Ruth C.; Boadella, Mariana; Lyashchenko, Konstantin P.; Romero Martínez, Beatriz; Geijo, Maria Victoria; Ruiz Fons, Francisco; Aranaz Martín, Alicia; Juste, Ramón A.; Vicente, Joaquín; de la Fuente, José; Gortázar, Christian
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis and closely related members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex continues to affect humans and animals worldwide and its control requires vaccination of wildlife reservoir species such as Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa). Vaccination efforts for TB control in wildlife have been based primarily on oral live BCG formulations. However, this is the first report of the use of oral inactivated vaccines for controlling TB in wildlife. In this study, four groups of 5 wild boar each were vaccinated with inactivated M. bovis by the oral and intramuscular routes, vaccinated with oral BCG or left unvaccinated as controls. All groups were later challenged with a field strain of M. bovis. The results of the IFN-gamma response, serum antibody levels, M. bovis culture, TB lesion scores, and the expression of C3 and MUT genes were compared between these four groups. The results suggested that vaccination with heat-inactivated M. bovis or BCG protect wild boar from TB. These results also encouraged testing combinations of BCG and inactivated M. bovis to vaccinate wild boar against TB. Vaccine formulations using heat-inactivated M. bovis for TB control in wildlife would have the advantage of being environmentally safe and more stable under field conditions when compared to live BCG vaccines. The antibody response and MUT expression levels can help differentiating between vaccinated and infected wild boar and as correlates of protective response in vaccinated animals. These results suggest that vaccine studies in free-living wild boar are now possible to reveal the full potential of protecting against TB using oral M. bovis inactivated and BCG vaccines
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in fallow deer and wild boar in Spain
(Veterinary Record, 2005) Álvarez Sánchez, Julio; Juan Ferré, Lucía De; Briones Dieste, Víctor; Romero Martínez, Beatriz; Aranaz Martín, Alicia; Fernández-Garayzábal Fernández, José Francisco; Mateos García, Ana Isabel
African 2, a clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis epidemiologically important in East Africa
(Journal of bacteriology, 2011) Berg, Stefan; García Pelayo, M Carmen; Müller, Borna; Hailu, Elena; Asiimwe, Benon; Kremer, Kristin; Dale, James; Boniotti, M Beatrice; Rodriguez, Sabrina; Hilty, Markus; Rigouts, Leen; Firdessa, Rebuma; Machado, Adelina; Mucavele, Custodia; Ngandolo, Bongo Nare Richard; Bruchfeld, Judith; Boschiroli, Laura; Müller, Annélle; Sahraoui, Naima; Pacciarini, Maria; Cadmus, Simeon; Joloba, Moses; van Soolingen, Dick; Michel, Anita L; Djønne, Berit; Aranaz Martín, Alicia; Zinsstag, Jakob; van Helden, Paul; Portaels, Françoise; Kazwala, Rudovick; Källenius, Gunilla; Hewinson, R Glyn; Aseffa, Abraham; Gordon, Stephen V; Smith, Noel H
We have identified a clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis isolated at high frequency from cattle in Uganda, Burundi, Tanzania, and Ethiopia. We have named this related group of M. bovis strains the African 2 (Af2) clonal complex of M. bovis. Af2 strains are defined by a specific chromosomal deletion (RDAf2) and can be identified by the absence of spacers 3 to 7 in their spoligotype patterns. Deletion analysis of M. bovis isolates from Algeria, Mali, Chad, Nigeria, Cameroon, South Africa, and Mozambique did not identify any strains of the Af2 clonal complex, suggesting that this clonal complex of M. bovis is localized in East Africa. The specific spoligotype pattern of the Af2 clonal complex was rarely identified among isolates from outside Africa, and the few isolates that were found and tested were intact at the RDAf2 locus. We conclude that the Af2 clonal complex is localized to cattle in East Africa. We found that strains of the Af2 clonal complex of M. bovis have, in general, four or more copies of the insertion sequence IS6110, in contrast to the majority of M. bovis strains isolated from cattle, which are thought to carry only one or a few copies.
Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium avium isolates recovered from clinical samples and from the environment: molecular characterization for diagnostic purposes
(Journal of clinical microbiology, 2008) Álvarez Sánchez, Julio; Gómez García, Ignacio; Aranaz Martín, Alicia; Bezos Garrido, Javier; Romero Martínez, Beatriz; Juan Ferré, Lucía De; Mateos García, Ana Isabel; Gómez Mampaso, Enrique; Domínguez Rodríguez, Lucas José
Isolation of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) organisms from clinical samples may occur in patients without clinical disease, making the interpretation of results difficult. The clinical relevance of MAC isolates from different types of clinical samples (n = 47) from 39 patients in different sections of a hospital was assessed by comparison with environmental isolates (n = 17) from the hospital. Various methods for identification and typing (commercial probes, phenotypic characteristics, PCR for detection of IS1245 and IS901, sequencing of the hsp65 gene, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) were evaluated. The same strain was found in all the environmental isolates, 21 out of 23 (91.3%) of the isolates cultured from urine samples, and 5 out of 19 (26.3%) isolates from respiratory specimens. This strain did not cause disease in the patients. Testing best characterized the strain as M. avium subsp. hominissuis, with the unusual feature that 81.4% of these isolates lacked the IS1245 element. Contamination of certain clinical samples with an environmental strain was the most likely event; therefore, characterization of the environmental mycobacteria present in health care facilities should be performed to discard false-positive isolations in nonsterile samples, mainly urine samples. Molecular techniques applied in this study demonstrated their usefulness for this purpose.
Oral re-vaccination of Eurasian wild boar with Mycobacterium bovis BCG yields a strong protective response against challenge with a field strain
(BMC veterinary research, 2014) Gortazar, Christian; Beltrán-Beck, Beatriz; Garrido, Joseba M; Aranaz Martín, Alicia; Sevilla, Iker A; Boadella, Mariana; Lyashchenko, Konstantin P; Galindo, Ruth C; Montoro, Vidal; Juste, Ramón; De la Fuente, Jose; Domínguez Rodríguez, Lucas José
BACKGROUND Field vaccination trials with Mycobacterium bovis BCG, an attenuated mutant of M. bovis, are ongoing in Spain, where the Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) is regarded as the main driver of animal tuberculosis (TB). The oral baiting strategy consists in deploying vaccine baits twice each summer, in order to gain access to a high proportion of wild boar piglets. The aim of this study was to assess the response of wild boar to re-vaccination with BCG and to subsequent challenge with an M. bovis field strain. RESULTS BCG re-vaccinated wild boar showed reductions of 75.8% in lesion score and 66.9% in culture score, as compared to unvaccinated controls. Only one of nine vaccinated wild boar had a culture-confirmed lung infection, as compared to seven of eight controls. Serum antibody levels were highly variable and did not differ significantly between BCG re-vaccinated wild boar and controls. Gamma IFN levels differed significantly between BCG re-vaccinated wild boar and controls. The mRNA levels for IL-1b, C3 and MUT were significantly higher in vaccinated wild boar when compared to controls after vaccination and decreased after mycobacterial challenge. CONCLUSIONS Oral re-vaccination of wild boar with BCG yields a strong protective response against challenge with a field strain. Moreover, re-vaccination of wild boar with BCG is not counterproductive. These findings are relevant given that re-vaccination is likely to happen under real (field) conditions.
Oral vaccination with heat inactivated Mycobacterium bovis activates the complement system to protect against tuberculosis
(PLoS ONE, 2014) Beltrán-Beck, Beatriz; de la Fuente, José; Garrido, Joseba M; Aranaz Martín, Alicia; Sevilla, Iker; Villar, Margarita; Boadella, Mariana; Galindo, Ruth C; Pérez de la Lastra, José M; Moreno Cid, Juan A; Fernández de Mera, Isabel G; Alberdi, Pilar; Santos, Gracia; Ballesteros, Cristina; Lyashchenko, Konstantin P; Minguijón, Esmeralda; Romero Martínez, Beatriz; Juan Ferré, Lucía De; Juste, Ramón; Gortazar, Christian; Domínguez Rodríguez, Lucas José
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a pandemic affecting billions of people worldwide, thus stressing the need for new vaccines. Defining the correlates of vaccine protection is essential to achieve this goal. In this study, we used the wild boar model for mycobacterial infection and TB to characterize the protective mechanisms elicited by a new heat inactivated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine (IV). Oral vaccination with the IV resulted in significantly lower culture and lesion scores, particularly in the thorax, suggesting that the IV might provide a novel vaccine for TB control with special impact on the prevention of pulmonary disease, which is one of the limitations of current vaccines. Oral vaccination with the IV induced an adaptive antibody response and activation of the innate immune response including the complement component C3 and inflammasome. Mycobacterial DNA/RNA was not involved in inflammasome activation but increased C3 production by a still unknown mechanism. The results also suggested a protective mechanism mediated by the activation of IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells by MHC I antigen presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in response to vaccination with the IV, without a clear role for Th1 CD4+ T cells. These results support a role for DCs in triggering the immune response to the IV through a mechanism similar to the phagocyte response to PAMPs with a central role for C3 in protection against mycobacterial infection. Higher C3 levels may allow increased opsonophagocytosis and effective bacterial clearance, while interfering with CR3-mediated opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis of mycobacteria, a process that could be enhanced by specific antibodies against mycobacterial proteins induced by vaccination with the IV. These results suggest that the IV acts through novel mechanisms to protect against TB in wild boar.
Spoligotyping Profile Change Caused by Deletion of a Direct Variable Repeat in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isogenic Laboratory Strain
(Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2004) Aranaz Martín, Alicia; Romero Martínez, Beatriz; Montero Serra, Natalia; Álvarez Sánchez, Julio; Bezos Garrido, Javier; Juan Ferré, Lucía De; Mateos García, Ana Isabel; Domínguez Rodríguez, Lucas José
Spoligotyping is a major tool for molecular typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms. For epidemiological purposes, strains are considered clonal only when their spoligotyping patterns are identical. We report a change in the spoligotyping profiles of truly isogenic strains (a clinical isolate and a subculture derived in the laboratory) caused by deletion of a direct variable repeat. Without the information about the relationship between them, a link between these strains would have gone unnoticed. Evolutionary events should be taken into account in the interpretation of spoligotyping results and in the design of databases.
Rapid identification and differentiation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis types by use of real-time PCR and high-resolution melt analysis of the MAP1506 locus
(Journal of clinical microbiology, 2010) Castellanos, Elena; Aranaz Martín, Alicia; De Buck, Jeroen
High-resolution melt (HRM) analysis can identify sequence polymorphisms by comparing the melting curves of amplicons generated by real-time PCR amplification. We describe the application of this technique to identify Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis types I, II, and III. The HRM approach was based on type-specific nucleotide sequences in MAP1506, a member of the PPE (proline-proline-glutamic acid) gene family.
Single-nucleotide polymorphism in two representative multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium bovis isolates collected from patients in a Spanish hospital harboring a human infection outbreak
(Journal of clinical microbiology, 2008) Romero Martínez, Beatriz; Aranaz Martín, Alicia; Bezos Garrido, Javier; Álvarez Sánchez, Julio; Juan Ferré, Lucía De; Mateos García, Ana Isabel; Gómez Mampaso, Enrique; Domínguez Rodríguez, Lucas José
Mycobacterium bovis is the etiological agent of tuberculosis in domestic and wild animals. Its involvement as a human pathogen has been highlighted again with the recent descriptions of transmission through dairy products (18), reactivation or primary infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients (5), and association with meat industry workers, animal keepers, or hunters (3). Strains resistant to antituberculous drugs (M. bovis is naturally resistant to pyrazinamide) pose an additional risk (2). Several studies have demonstrated that mutations in target genes are associated with resistance to antituberculous drugs (4, 7, 10, 11, 16). However, most of them have been developed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and limited data are available regarding M. bovis isolates. The aim of this study was to characterize by sequencing the main genes involved in antibiotic resistance in two multidrug-resistant (MDR) M. bovis isolates in a human outbreak detected in a hospital in Madrid that subsequently spread to several countries (5, 6, 15). The isolates were resistant to 11 drugs, but only their rpoB and katG genes have been analyzed so far (1, 14). We studied the first (93/R1) and last (95/R4) M. bovis isolates of this nosocomial outbreak, characterized by spoligotyping as SB0426 (hexacode 63-5F-5E-7F-FF-60 in the database at www.mbovis.org) (1, 13). Several genes involved in resistance to isoniazid (katG, ahpC, inhA, and the oxyR-ahpC intergenic region), rifampin (rpoB), streptomycin (rrs, rpsL), ethambutol (embB), and quinolones (gyrA) were studied. These genes, or fragments of genes, were amplified and sequenced as previously described (12). The sequence analysis revealed polymorphisms in five (ahpC, rpoB, rpsL, embB, and gyrA) out of nine analyzed genes (Table 1). Nucleotide substitutions in four genes cause a change in the encoded amino acid. Two additional synonymous mutations in ahpC and rpsL differentiated the first and last isolates from the outbreak.