Person: Aparicio García, Marta Evelia
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First Name
Marta Evelia
Last Name
Aparicio García
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Psicología
Department
Psicología Social, Trabajo y Diferencial
Area
Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico
Identifiers
9 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
Item Are entrepreneurs born or made? The influence of personality(Personality and Individual Differences, 2020) López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Rubio Valdehita, Susana; Aparicio García, Marta Evelia; Díaz Ramiro, Eva MaríaCurrently, entrepreneurship is of great importance to economic growth and reduced unemployment. Since entrepreneurial behaviour is multidimensional, interest in understanding the roles of individual variables has increased significantly. The present study uses the theoretical and empirical framework of entrepreneurship research to explain the existence of the psychological profile of an entrepreneur, the impact of the psychological variables of personality on behaviour and entrepreneurial intention, and the relationship between personality traits and other specific traits frequently related to entrepreneurship. A sample of 337 participants composed of real entrepreneurs (n = 83) and university students (n = 254) with high scores in entrepreneurial intention were evaluated in personality (Big Five) and other specific traits: ambiguity tolerance, emotional intelligence and coping and problem solving. The results showed that both groups share the same profile in these variables once adjustments were made for the effects of sex and age. A target profile and a preliminary evaluation of its best possible accuracy are provided.Item Sleep habits as predictors of psychological health in healthcare professionals(Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 2020) Díaz Ramiro, Eva María; Rubio Valdehita, Susana; López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Aparicio García, Marta EveliaThe aim was to study the sleep habits and the psychological health of professionals in the health sector, as well as to analyse the rela-tionships between both variables. The sample consisted of 511 workers from public hospitals in the Community of Madrid. Psychological health was evaluated using the GHQ-28 Questionnaire; and sleep habits with the CHAS Questionnaire. In addition, sociodemographic information was col-lected, such as age, sex, job position and professional category. The results showed statistically significant differences in somatic symptoms, psycho-logical health and stability in sleep habits. Regression analysis indicated that sleep quality and daytime sleepiness are the variables most related to health dimensions, especially with anxiety/insomnia and somatic symptoms. These results reveal the differences between sleep habits and perceived health in nursing staff and doctors. Finally, healthcare workers present a higher prevalence of psychological distress, poor sleep quality and instabil-ity in sleep hours. Sleep impairment, somnolence and somatic symptoms are more frequent in nursing staff than in other healthcare professionals.Item The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Health in China and Spain: Cross-sectional Study(JMIR formative research, 2021) Wang, Cuiyan; López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Pan, Riyu; Wan, Xiaoyang; Tan, Yilin; Xu, Linkang; Choo, Faith; Ho, Roger; Ho, Cyrus; Marta E Aparicio García; Aparicio García, Marta EveliaBackground: Differences in physical and mental health impact across continents during the COVID-19 pandemic are unknown. Objective: This study compared the levels of impact of COVID-19 on mental health among people from Spain and China and correlated mental health parameters with variables relating to symptoms similar to COVID-19, COVID-19 knowledge, and precautionary measures. Methods: We collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms, contact history with persons with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 knowledge, and precautionary measures. Participants completed the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 Items (DASS-21). To analyze the differences in the mental health parameters, the mean scores between Chinese and Spanish respondents were compared using the independent samples t test. The differences in categorical variables between the two samples were analyzed by the chi-square test. Linear regression was used to calculate the univariate associations between the independent variables and mental health parameters for both groups separately, with adjustments made for age, gender, and education. Results: A total of 1528 participants (Spain: n=687; China: n=841) were recruited. The mean age of the Chinese respondents was 24.73 years (SD 7.60; range 18-65 years), and the mean age of the Spanish respondents was 43.06 years (SD 11.95; range 18-76 years). Spanish participants reported significantly more symptoms similar to COVID-19 infection (eg, fever, sore throat, and breathing difficulties), contact history with COVID-19, higher perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, frequent use of medical services, and less confidence in medical services compared with their Chinese counterparts (P<.001). Spanish participants reported significantly higher DASS-21 stress and depression scores, while Chinese participants reported significantly higher IES-R scores (P<.001). Chinese participants encountered more discrimination from other countries (P<.001). Significantly more Chinese participants reported using face masks than Spanish ones (P<.001). More exposure to health information was associated with adverse mental health in Spain (depression: P=.02; anxiety: P=.02; stress: P=.001). Conclusions: Our study found that Spanish respondents reported higher levels of stress and depression as well as more symptoms and use of medical services. In preparation for the next pandemic, Spain needs to establish a prompt policy to implement rapid response and enhance medical services to safeguard physical and mental health.Item Protective Factors, Risk of Violence and Discrimination and Mental Health Indicators of Young LGB People(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022) Aparicio García, Marta Evelia; Díaz Ramiro, Eva María; Rubio Valdehita, Susana; López Núñez, María Inmaculada; García Nieto, IsidroLesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people have more risk of suffering from violence and situations of discrimination than heterosexual people. The current study compares LGB people with heterosexual people in protective factors, violence, health and well-being factors. The sample comprises 609 Spanish people between 14 and 25 years old. We established a cross-sectional design. A survey including questions about sociodemographic information and protective, violence and health and well-being factors was designed ad hoc for this study. The results show that the LGB group (n = 342) is more at risk of verbal and physical violence and feels more isolated than the heterosexual participants (n = 267). In contrast, heterosexual participants report having more employment discrimination. No significant differences were found in social support or psychological health. These results are important to understand the state of social normalization and non-discrimination for LGB people in certain contexts in Spain, and its impact on psychological health.Item Psychological Capital, Workload, and Burnout: What’s New? The Impact of Personal Accomplishment to Promote Sustainable Working Conditions(Sustainability, 2020) López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Rubio Valdehita, Susana; Díaz Ramiro, Eva María; Aparicio García, Marta EveliaResearch on burnout has traditionally focused on job demands, with less attention paid to protective factors. From the emerging and innovative area of psychology of sustainability and sustainable development, this study aimed to analyze the relationship that job demands (workload), and personal resources (psychological capital) have with burnout. The sample includes 517 workers from various professional sectors. Results of the structural equation analysis show that (1) psychological capital and workload are related to burnout, and (2) personal accomplishment is more a personal resource than burnout dimension. The results confirm the role of psychological capital as a protective factor for burnout. Finally, the importance of examining the relationship between the components of psychological capital, personal accomplishment, and positive emotions is pointed out due to the importance of organizations promoting the development of psychological strengths and resources to promote well-being and sustainable working conditions.Item A chain mediation model on COVID-19 symptoms and mental health outcomes in Americans, Asians and Europeans(Scientific reports, 2021) Wang, Cuiyan; Chudzicka-Czupała, Agata; Tee, Michael ; López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Tripp, Connor; Fardin, Mohammad ; Habib, Hina ; Tran, Bach ; Adamus, Katarzyna; Anlacan, Joseph; Aparicio García, Marta Evelia; Grabowski, Damian; Hussain, Shahzad; Hoang, Men ; Hetnał, Mateusz; Le, Xuan ; Wenfang Ma; Hai Q. Pham; Reyes, Patrick Wincy ; Shirazi, Mahmoud; Tan, Yilin; Tee, Cherica ; Xu, Linkang; Xu, Ziqi; Vu, Giang ; Zhou, Danqing; Chan, Natalie ; Kuruchittham, Vipat; McIntyre, Roger ; Ho, Cyrus ; Ho, Roger; Sears, SamuelThe novel Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, impacting the lifestyles, economy, physical and mental health of individuals globally. This study aimed to test the model triggered by physical symptoms resembling COVID-19 infection, in which the need for health information and perceived impact of the pandemic mediated the path sequentially, leading to adverse mental health outcomes. A cross-sectional research design with chain mediation model involving 4612 participants from participating 8 countries selected via a respondent-driven sampling strategy was used. Participants completed online questionnaires on physical symptoms, the need for health information, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The results showed that Poland and the Philippines were the two countries with the highest levels of anxiety, depression and stress; conversely, Vietnam had the lowest mean scores in these areas. Chain mediation model showed the need for health information, and the perceived impact of the pandemic were sequential mediators between physical symptoms resembling COVID-19 infection (predictor) and consequent mental health status (outcome). Excessive and contradictory health information might increase the perceived impact of the pandemic. Rapid COVID-19 testing should be implemented to minimize the psychological burden associated with physical symptoms, whilst public mental health interventions could target adverse mental outcomes associated with the pandemic.Item Los hábitos de sueño como predictores de la salud psicológica en profesionales sanitarios(Anales de Psicología, 2020) Díaz Ramiro, Eva María; Rubio Valdehita, Susana; López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Aparicio García, Marta EveliaEl objetivo de la investigación fue estudiar los hábitos de sueño y la salud psicológica de profesionales del sector sanitario, así como analizar las relaciones entre ambas variables. La muestra contó con 511 trabajadores de hospitales públicos de la Comunidad de Madrid. La salud psicológica fue evaluada con el Cuestionario GHQ-28; los hábitos de sueño a través del Cuestionario CHAS, además, se recogieron datos sociodemográficos como edad, sexo, puesto de trabajo, categoría profesional. Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en síntomas somáticos, salud psicológica y estabilidad en hábitos de sueño. Los análisis de regresión indicaron que calidad del sueño y somnolencia diurna son las variables más relacionadas con las dimensiones de salud, especialmente con la ansiedad/insomnio y síntomas somáticos. Estos los resultados ponen de manifiesto las diferencias entre hábitos de sueño y salud percibida en personal de enfermería y facultativos. En conclusión, la población sanitaria presenta mayor prevalencia en malestar psicológico, peor calidad de sueño e inestabilidad en las horas de sueño. Deterioro del sueño, somnolencia y síntomas somáticos son más frecuentes en personal de enfermería que en el resto de profesionales sanitarios.Item Individual differences, personality, social, family and work variables on mental health during COVID-19 outbreak in Spain(Personality and Individual Differences, 2021) López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Aparicio García, Marta EveliaSpain is one of the countries with the highest number of Covid-19 cases per habitant. On March 14, 2020, the Government declared the State of Alarm which included the mandatory confinement of all citizens. On March 30 and April 11, we surveyed 1659 adults to research the relevance of social/work status and personality variables in the prediction of psychological health (anxiety, depression and life satisfaction). Results indicated that women and young reported higher anxiety, depression, conflict between work and family relationship, conscientiousness, and extraversion. Men reported higher emotional stability. The variables considered predicted a substantial percentage of variance on anxiety (36%), depression (38%) and life satisfaction (19%), with a significant relative contribution of personality traits. People with poorer psychological health also showed more conflict between work and family relationships. Working at office was more related to anxiety while working at home was more related to depression. We noted that the influence of impact of job status and conflict between work and family relationship as mental health as performance migth depend on individual differences. Depression, anxiety and life satisfaction were predicted by personality and social/work variables, which highlights the importance of consider these variables to address mental health in this situation.Item Health and Well-Being of Cisgender, Transgender and Non-Binary Young People(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2018) Aparicio García, Marta Evelia; Díaz Ramiro, Eva María; Rubio Valdehita, Susana; López Núñez, María Inmaculada; García-Nieto, IsidroYoung transgender and non-binary individuals (TNBI) are exposed to situations of discrimination and have a greater risk of violence. The purpose of this study is to analyze which protective, violence and health and well-being factors have more influence on TNBI compared to cisgender people. The sample comprised 856 youth between 14 and 25 years old. A survey including questions about sociodemographic information and protective, violence and health and well-being factors was designed ad hoc for this study. The results show the non-binary group received the least support from family and friends, higher risk of suffering cyberbullying, and many feel isolated and unhappy. TNBI have suffered more verbal attacks both inside and outside their school and physical attacks at school than cisgender young. These results are important because they may contribute to the promotion of public policies and clinical interventions that favor the integration of TNBI in our society.