Person: Muñoz Martín, Alfonso
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First Name
Alfonso
Last Name
Muñoz Martín
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Ciencias Geológicas
Department
Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología
Area
Geodinámica Interna
Identifiers
11 results
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Now showing 1 - 10 of 11
Item Glacial geomorphology of the High Gredos Massif: Gredos and Pinar valleys (Iberian Central System, Spain)(Journal of Maps, 2020) Carrasco González, Rosa María; Soteres, Rodrigo L.; De Pedraza Gilsanz, Javier; Fernandez-Lozano, Javier; Turu, Valentí; López-Sáez, Jose Antonio; Karampaglidis, Theodoros; Granja Bruña, José Luis; Muñoz Martín, AlfonsoWe present a detailed geomorphological map of the landform assemblages originated by the two major paleoglaciers of the Sierra de Gredos mountain range in the Spanish Iberian Central System. Based on previous works, our map focused on the features formed by Gredos and Pinar paleoglaciers during the last glaciation and subsequent glacial events. Based on a remote sensing analysis and exhaustive field surveys, we identified with great accuracy the local distribution of glacial, periglacial, mass movement, structural, fluvial, and lacustrine features. We recognized three main glacial geomorphological formations representing: (i) the maximum glacial extension reached (peripheral deposits); (ii) the culmination of glacial conditions (principal moraines) and (iii) the local glacial withdrawal (internal deposits). Our map offers a renewed spatial framework on which to conduct higher-resolution glacial chronologies, especially of Late Glacial and Holocene glacial activity, providing key information for performing future paleoclimatic reconstructions of the northern hemisphere mid-latitudes.- Project number: 245
Item Aplicación didáctica mediante virtualización de afloramientos geológicos por medio herramientas digitales de muy alta resolución(2022) García Lorenzo, Mari Luz; Abati Gómez, Jacobo; Álvarez Sierra, María Ángeles; Ancochea Soto, Eumenio; Arribas Mocoroa, María Eugenia; Arroyo Rey, Xabier; Benito Moreno, María Isabel; Campos Soto, Sonia; Castiñeiras García, Pedro; Crespo Feo, Elena; Fernández Barrenechea, José María; García Romero, Emilia; Granja Bruña, José Luis; Huertas Coronel, María José; Ignacio San José, Cristina de; López Andrés, Sol; Martín Chivelet, Javier; Martínez Santos, Pedro; Montero González, Esperanza; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Orejana García, David; Pieren Pidal, Agustín Pedro; Piña García, Rubén; Sánchez Donoso, Ramón; Suárez González, Pablo; Pertuz Dominguez, AlejandroTras la situación sanitaria del curso 2019-2020 y a través del Proyecto INNOVA Gestión 223 de la convocatoria del año 2020-2021, la Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas ha adquirido una herramienta para la virtualización de afloramientos geológicos. Durante el curso 2020-2021 se ha virtualizado una salida de campo de cada uno de los grados que se imparten en la Facultad, Grado en Geología y Grado en Ingeniería Geológica. Además, la mayor parte de la actividad de campo de este curso tendrá lugar durante el mes de mayo, por lo que los profesores van a poder realizar la virtualización de sus salidas de campo mientras realizan la salida presencial con los estudiantes, o incluso en algunas asignaturas los propios estudiantes van a ser los responsables de la virtualización de las mismas. Por ello, la herramienta GIGAPAN no sólo es de elevada utilidad en momentos en los que las restricciones de movilidad impiden la realización del campo sino que también permiten aplicar metodologías docentes invertidas durante la realización de los campamentos. De este modo los estudiantes pasan a tener un papel activo en relación a su proceso de aprendizaje. La herramienta GIGAPAN permite que se combinen imágenes fotográficas de megapíxeles de alta resolución para crear imágenes panorámicas de gigapíxeles que luego se pueden explorar a muchas escalas haciendo zoom y visión panorámica. Los GigaPans son gigapíxeles panorámicos, imágenes digitales con billones de píxeles. Gigapan crea panorámicas enormes, para conseguir elevado detalle con mucha nitidez. Además de proporcionar una experiencia de aprendizaje alternativa, estos recursos permiten una visita 'virtual' que puede ser una herramienta de aprendizaje útil en cualquier escenario docente. La utilidad del material generado tiene validez más allá de la pandemia, ya que puede ser utilizado por los estudiantes en el estudio de las asignaturas de la titulación, con un enorme potencial didáctico hasta ahora poco explorado. Hasta la fecha el GIGAPAN se ha venido utilizando con cámaras personales de profesores de la Facultad, por lo que se hace necesario completar esta herramienta con una cámara compatible con el módulo que permita ser usada tanto por profesores que no dispongan de la misma como por estudiantes de la Facultad. Item Geophysical characterization of the El Cervunal kame complex (Sierra de Gredos, Iberian Central System): Insight of infill geometry and reconstruction of former glacial formations(Journal of applied geophysics, 2021) Granja Bruña, José Luis; Turu, Valenti; Carrasco González, Rosa María; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Ros, Xavier; Fernández Lozano, Javier; Soteres, Rodrigo L.; Karampaglidis, Theodoros; López Saez, José Antonio; Pedraza Gilsanz, Javier deGeological and geophysical studies in complex valley troughs provide a key record for the reconstruction of paleoenvironmental conditions during the Quaternary. Here we present a study of the sedimentary infill of the El Cervunal kame complex or El Cervunal trough (Sierra de Gredos, Iberian Central System) by means of a combined interpretation of near-surface geophysical techniques supported by geomorphological and borehole data. A set of 1D and 2D near-surface geophysical methods, including electrical (Vertical Electrical Sounding and 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography), seismic (2D Seismic Tomography and 1D Refraction Microtremor) and Magnetic Resonance Sounding techniques, were used to test their applicability in providing better insight on the infill nature and geometry. Because of greater sensitivity and higher resolution and coverage achieved with resistivity methods, the electrical resistivity has proven to be the most informative physical parameter, while seismic and magnetic resonance methods were complementary. The sedimentary infill was classified into three geophysical units and five sub-units with their geological interpretation. Unit 1 consists of a postglacial sedimentary sequence and includes alluvial-plain and alluvial-fan deposits. Units 2 and 3 below the postglacial unit were interpreted as glacial sequences including kame (glacigenetic and fluvio-glacial) and morainic deposits, respectively. Subsoil information combined with the geomorphological data enabled the partial reconstruction of the map-view geometry of the morainic bodies at the El Cervunal trough. The results suggest a complex evolution of the study area where erosive-sedimentary processes dominate, but also structural factors should be considered. At least five well-differentiated stages can be established to explain the occurrence of the trough infill: pre-glacial, maximum glacial extension, trough obturation, glacial retreat and periglacial-postglacial.Item Magnetic anomalies of the NW Iberian continental margin and the adjacent abyssal plains(Journal of maps, 2020) Druet Vélez, María; Catalán, Manuel; Martín Dávila, José; Martos, J.M.; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Granja Bruña, José LuisThe NW Iberian margin is a hyperextended continental margin, formed during the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean, where a subsequent partial tectonic inversion has undergone during the Alpine Orogeny. This succession of tectonic episodes determines the magnetic signature of the margin. The Spanish Exclusive Economic Zone Project has carried out seven one-month cruises between 2001 and 2009. To extend and densify the spatial coverage, we have used data from the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map. Here, we describe the methodology used for the acquisition and data processing of the magnetic field data. The use of diverse instrumentation, a non-complete external field’s cancelation, and the use of different magnetic core field models, contributed to the total error budget. To reduce it, we have used a leveling algorithm which minimizes all these contributions. Finally, a statistical analysis was applied using crossover residuals, showing a resolution better than 28 nT.Item Echo-character distribution in the Cantabrian Margin and the Biscay Abyssal Plain(Journal of maps, 2021) Maestro, Adolfo; Gallastegui, Alba; Moreta, Mercedes; Llave, Estefanía; Bohoyo, Fernando; Druet Vélez, María; Navas, Javier; Mink, Sandra; Fernández Sáenz, Fernando; Catalán, Manuel; Gómez Ballesteros, María; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Granja Bruña, José LuisIn 2003, 2006–2009, 2014 and 2015, seven oceanographic cruises were carried out onboard the Spanish R/V Hespérides in the Cantabrian Margin and the adjacent abyssal plains, covering anarea of 219,124 km2. Based on the combined analysis and interpretation of the bathymetric and reflectivity data obtained with multibeam echosounders (SIMRADEM12, EM120 and EM1002), and ultra-high-resolution reflection seismic records acquired with the SIMRAD TOPASPS18 parametric sounder, the mapping of the acoustic facies or echo-character at a scale of 1:1,200,000 has been carried out. Thirty types of echoes have been differentiated and gather into four main groups: Distinct, Irregular, Hyperbolic and Undulated. The echo-character depends on the acoustic response of the shallow sediment and these a bed morphology. Therefore, its analysis and characterization are basic for understanding recent and present-day sedimentary processes.Item Cartografía del ecocarácter del Margen Continental de Galicia y de las llanuras abisales adyacentes(Geotemas, 2021) Maestro, Adolfo; Jane, G.; Fernández Saéz, F.; Llave, E.; Bohoyo, Fernando; Navas, Javier; Mink, Sandra; Druet Vélez, María; Gómez Ballesteros, María; Martín Dávila, José; Catalán, Manuel; Carbó Gorosabel, Andrés; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Granja Bruña, José LuisLa cartografía y análisis de las facies acústicas que se determinan a partir de la interpretación y correlación de los perfiles sísmicos de muy alta resolución, es una herramienta muy útil para la caracterización de los procesos sedimentarios recientes y su distribución en ambientes marinos profundos. Este trabajo presenta el primer mapa de ecocarácter del Margen Continental de Galicia y las llanuras abisales adyacentes. El mapa se realizó sobre la base del análisis e interpretación de los datos de batimetría y reflectividad de las ecosondas multihaz SIMRAD EM12, EM120 y EM1002, y los perfiles sísmicos de muy alta resolución de la ecosonda paramétrica SIMRAD TOPAS PS18. Sobre la base de la morfología del fondo marino, la reflectividad y los caracteres del eco acústico, se identificaron 26 tipos de ecos en la secuencia sedimentaria más superficial. Estos tipos de eco se han clasificado en cuatro grupos principales: bien definidos, irregulares, hiperbólicos y ondulados. Esta información ha sido adquirida en el marco del ‘Programa de Investigación Científica de la Zona Económica Exclusiva Española’, coordinado por el Ministerio de Defensa, durante las campañas oceanográficas que se han realizado a bordo del BIO Hespérides del 2001 a 2003 y del 2006 a 2009.Item The Prados del Cervunal morainic complex: Evidence of a MIS 2 glaciation in the Iberian Central System synchronous to the global LGM(Quaternary Science Reviews, 2023) Carrasco, R.M.; Turu, V.; Soteres, R. L.; Fernández-Lozano, J.; Karampaglidis, T.; Rodés, A.; Ros, X.; De Andrés De Pablo, Nuria; Granja Bruña, José Luis; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; López-Sáez, J.A.; Braucher, R.; De Pedraza Gilsanz, Javier; Palacios Estremera, David; ASTER TeamThe area of Prados del Cervunal (PC) is an intra-morainic topographic depression located at 1800 m asl in the divide or interfluve between Garganta de Gredos and Garganta del Pinar valleys (Central Gredos; Iberian Central System, ICS). Both valleys, along with the adjacent Hoya Nevada, were occupied by glaciers during the Upper Pleistocene, leading to the development of the Prados del Cervunal moraine complexes studied in this work. Using cartographic methods and morphostratigraphic analysis, the three main glacial formations established in the Regional Chrono-Evolutionary Pattern for the ICS, Peripheral Deposits (PD), Principal Moraine (PM) and Internal Deposits (ID), have been identified and mapped in this area. The chronology of these formations has been implemented by Cosmic Ray Exposure (CRE) techniques using 10Be (new data) and 26Cl (previous data, recalculated in this work) in samples from morainic boulders. With these data, the following chrono-evolutionary sequence has been established: (stage 1) local-Maximum Ice Extent (MIE), dated in 25.0 ± 1.4 ka and corresponding to the maximum age obtained in these paleoglaciers; (stage 2) period of oscillations around the MIE, corresponding to the development of the PD Formation between ~25 ka and ~21 ka; (stage 3) period of readvance and stabilisation, dated after ~21 ka (average age obtained for the PD moraines attached to PM moraines) and previous to ~18 (minimum age obtained for a main crest of the PM formation); and (stage 4) onset of deglaciation dated around to ~18 ka (average of ages obtained for the first main crest of the ID formation). During the stages of maximum ice expansion, these three glaciers formed an Ice field whose tongues were interconnected on the PC flat by an ice transfluence system (stages 1 and 2, Plateau Glacier Period). In later stages, the ice masses were partitioned, giving rise to valley glaciers and large moraines forming morainic complexes like those of PC (stages 2, 3 and 4, Valley Glaciers Period). The local MIE and onset of deglaciation stages in this area show a good fit with the ages stablished to global level for the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the onset of the Last Glacial Termination (Termination I). They also show good correlation at local (with other areas of the ICS), peninsular (with other Iberian mountains) and continental (some areas of the Alps and mountains of Central Europe) level. Finally, this evolutionary sequence and its correlations allowed us to adjust and validate some units of the Regional Chrono-Evolutionary Pattern model and propose the Gredos-Pinar-Cabeza Nevada glacial system as benchmark for the glaciation of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 in the Iberian Peninsula.- Project number: 223
Item Virtualización de afloramientos geológicos mediante herramientas digitales de muy alta resolución: una nueva aproximación virtual al trabajo de campo(2021) García Lorenzo, Mari Luz; Sánchez Donoso, Ramón; Abati Gómez, Jacobo; Álvarez Sierra, María Ángeles; Ancochea Soto, Eumenio; Arribas Mocoroa, María Eugenia; Benito Moreno, María Isabel; Campos Soto, Sonia; Castiñeiras García, Pedro; Crespo Feo, Elena; Fernández Barrenechea, José María; García Romero, Emilia; Granja Bruña, José Luis; Huertas Coronel, María José; López Andrés, Sol; Martín Chivelet, Javier; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Orejana García, David; Pieren Pidal, Agustín PedroEl uso de imágenes de Gigapan en la enseñanza de la Geología facilita el estudio de contenidos de campo mediante imágenes de muy alta resolución de afloramientos geológicos, que pueden ser utilizadas como herramienta de docencia virtual. Item Maribno Amphibious Project: Role of the Inherited Tectonics in the Structure of the Northwestern Iberian Margin(Conference Proceedings, 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition, 2022) Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Granja Bruña, José Luis; De La Fuente Oliver, Miguel Ángel; Druet Vélez, María; De Vicente Muñoz, Gerardo; Gallastegui, Jorge; Maestro, AdolfoNew energy demand linked to world population growth and awareness about climate change have brought out the need to develop new forms of energy guided by the urgency of an ecological transition. In this context geothermal resources have the potential of contributing significantly to sustainable use in many parts of the world. In Spain, during the 80´s, oil and gas explorations carried out in the Madrid Basin confirmed the existence of two geothermal reservoirs. Here we present diverse geological features of the basin essential in geothermal exploration. We use airborne radiogenic and magnetic data to characterize the basement. Detailed ground concentration estimates of the heat producing elements are used to calculate the heat production and heat flow in the near surface. The distribution pattern of both parameters is heterogeneous with two main areas separated by southward prolongation of the Berzosa Fault. The eastern sector is characterized by both low heat production and heat flow rates while the western area is distinguished by high values as a response of the exposed granites. In addition, we build one 3D geological model and one 3D isothermal model with Leapfrog Geothermal from seismic, well data and mapping information.Item Along-strike segmentation in the northern Caribbean plate boundary zone (Hispaniola sector): Tectonic implications(Tectonophysics, 2020) Rodríguez Zurrunero, Álvaro; Granja Bruña, José Luis; Muñoz Martín, Alfonso; Leroy, Sylvie; Ten Brink, Uri S.; Gorosabel-Araus, J.M.; Gómez de la Peña, Laura; Druet Vélez, María; Carbó Gorosabel, AndrésThe North American (NOAM) plate converges with the Caribbean (CARIB) plate at a rate of 20.0 ± 0.4 mm/yr. towards 254 ± 1º. Plate convergence is highly oblique (20-10º), resulting in a complex crustal boundary with along-strike segmentation, strain partitioning and microplate tectonics. We study the oblique convergence of the NOAM and CARIB plates between southeastern Cuba to northern Puerto Rico using new swath multibeam bathymetry data and 2D multi-channel seismic profiles. The combined interpretation of marine geophysical data with the seismicity and geodetic data from public databases allow us to perform a regional scale analysis of the shallower structure, the seismotectonics and the slab geometry along the plate boundary. Due to differential rollback between the NOAM oceanic crust north of Puerto Rico and the relative thicker Bahamas Carbonate Province crust north of Hispaniola a slab tear is created at 68.5ºW. The northern margin of Puerto Rico records the oblique high-dip subduction and rollback of the NOAM plate below the island arc. Those processes have resulted in a forearc transpressive tectonics (without strain partitioning), controlled by the Septentrional-Oriente Fault Zone (SOFZ) and the Bunce Fault Zone (BFZ). Meanwhile, in the northern margin of Hispaniola, the collision of the Bahamas Carbonate Province results in high plate coupling with strain partitioning: SOFZ and Northern Hispaniola Deformed Belt (NHDB). In the northern Haitian margin, compression is still relevant since seismicity are mostly associated with the deformation front, whereas strike slip earthquakes are hardly anecdotal. Although in Hispaniola intermediate-depth seismicity should disappear, diffuse intermediate-depth hypocenter remains evidencing the presence of remnant NOAM subducted slab below central and western Hispaniola. Results of this study improve our understanding of the active tectonics in the NE Caribbean that it is the base for future assessment studies on seismic and tsunamigenic hazard.