Person: Triviño Casado, Alberto
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First Name
Alberto
Last Name
Triviño Casado
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Medicina
Department
Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL
Area
Oftalmología
Identifiers
15 results
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Now showing 1 - 10 of 15
Item The Impact of the Eye in Dementia: The Eye and its Role in Diagnosis and Follow‐up(Update on Dementia, 2016) García Martín, Elena Salobrar; Ramírez Sebastián, Ana Isabel; Hoz Montañana, Rosa de; Rojas, Pilar; Salazar Corral, Juan José; Rojas López, Blanca; Yubero Pancorbo, Raquel; Gil, Pedro; Triviño Casado, Alberto; Ramirez Sebastian, Jose Manuel; Moretti, DavidOver the last few decades, the importance of ophthalmic examination in neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS has reportedly increased. The retina is an extension of the CNS and thus should not be surprising to find abnormal results in both the test exploring visual processing and those examining the retina of patients with CNS degeneration. Current in vivo imaging techniques are allowing ophthalmologists to detect and quantify data consistent with the histopathological findings described in the retinas of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and may help to reveal unsuspected retinal and optic‐nerve repercussions of other CNS diseases. In this chapter, we perform an analysis of the physiological changes in ocular and cerebral ageing. We analyse the ocular manifestations in CNS disorders such as stroke, AD and Parkinson’s disease. In addition, the pathophysiology of both the eye and the visual pathway in AD are described. The value of the visual psychophysical tests in AD diagnosis is reviewed as well as the main findings of the optical coherence tomography as a contribution to the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Finally, we examine the association of two neurodegenerative diseases, AD and glaucoma, as mere coincidence or possible role in the progression of the neurodegeneration.Item Situs inversus del nervio óptico. A propósito de un caso(Revista de Neurología, 2017) López Cuenca, Inés; Hoz Montañana, Rosa de; García Martín, Elena Salobrar; Rojas López, Blanca; Ramírez Sebastián, Ana Isabel; Salazar Corral, Juan José; Triviño Casado, Alberto; Ramirez Sebastian, Jose ManuelIntroducción. El situs inversus del nervio óptico es una anomalía congénita caracterizada por la emergencia de los vasos de la retina en dirección nasal en lugar de temporal. Es causado por una anómala inserción del tallo óptico en la vesícula óptica que da lugar a la variación de disposición de la cabeza del nervio óptico. No es una condición aislada y suele aparecer junto con el síndrome del disco inclinado y en pacientes con miopía. Se caracteriza por la presencia de un cono de atrofia inferior, defectos en el campo visual temporal, defectos de refracción y ambliopía. Caso clínico. Mujer de 22 años, que acude a revisión oftalmológica por presentar fuertes cefaleas frontales acompañadas de halos y pérdida de nitidez en la visión. Tras un examen optométrico y oftalmológico se llega al juicio clínico de que padece un cuadro compatible con esta anomalía anatómica congénita. Conclusiones. El situs inversus del nervio óptico es una condición rara que puede aparecer aislada o acompañada de otras patologías. La aplicación de la campimetría y de nuevas técnicas diagnósticas, como la tomografía de coherencia óptica, facilita el diagnóstico diferencial de esta situación. No se conoce su prevalencia, pues no se encuentra en el registro de las enfermedades raras. Además, el escaso número de pacientes estudiados y la exigua bibliografía existente sobre esta anomalía no permiten conocer si los defectos causados progresan en el tiempo, por lo que sería importante realizar un seguimiento oftalmológico de los pacientes con situs inversus del nervio óptico.Item Bilateral early activation of retinal microglial cells in a mouse model of unilateral laser-induced experimental ocular hypertension(Experimental Eye Research, 2018) Hoz Montañana, Rosa de; Ramírez Sebastián, Ana Isabel; González Martín, Rosa; Ajoy, Daniel; Rojas López, Blanca; García Martín, Elena Salobrar; Valiente Soriano, Francisco Javier; Avilés Trigueros, Marcelino; Villegas Pérez, María Paz; Vidal Sanz, Manuel; Triviño Casado, Alberto; Ramirez Sebastian, Jose Manuel; Salazar Corral, Juan JoséThe immune system plays an important role in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Retinal microglial reactivation associated with ganglion cell loss could reportedly contribute to the glaucoma progression. Recently we have described signs of microglia activation both in contralateral and ocular hypertension (OHT) eyes involving all retinal layers 15 days after OHT laser induction in mice. However, no works available have analyzed the microglial activation at earliest time points after OHT induction (24 h) in this experimental model. Thus, we seek to describe and quantify signs of microglia activation and differences depending on the retinal layer, 24 h after unilateral laser-induced OHT. Two groups of adult Swiss mice were used: age-matched control (naïve) and lasered. In the lasered animals, OHT eyes as well as contralateral eyes were analyzed. Retinal whole-mounts were immunostained with antibodies against Iba-1 and MHC-II. We quantified the number of microglial cells in the photoreceptor layer (OS), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and inner plexiform layer (IPL); the number of microglial vertical processes connecting the OPL and OS; the area of the retina occupied by Iba-1+ cells (Iba1-RA) in the nerve fiber layer-ganglion cell layer (NFL-GCL), the total arbor area of microglial cells in the OPL and IPL and; Iba-1+ cell body area in the OPL, IPL and NFL-GCL. In contralateral and OHT eyes the morphological features of Iba-1+ cell activation were: migration, enlargement of the cell body, higher degree of branching and reorientation of the processes, radial disposition of the soma and processes toward adjacent microglial plexuses, and presence of amoeboid cells acting as macrophages. These signs were more pronounced in OHT eyes. Most of Iba-1+ cells did not express MHC-II; rather, only dendritic and rounded cells expressed it. In comparison with naïve eyes, in OHT eyes and contralateral eyes no significant differences were found in the microglial cell number; but there was a significant increase in Iba1-RA. The total arbor area of microglial cells was significantly decreased in: i) OHT eyes with respect contralateral eyes and naïve-eyes in IPL; ii) OHT eyes with respect to naïve eyes in OPL. The number of microglial vertical processes connecting the OPL and OS were significantly increased in contralateral eyes compared with naïve-eyes and OHT eyes. In OPL, IPL and NFL-GCL, the cell body area of Iba-1+ cells was significantly greater in OHT eyes than in naïve and contralateral eyes, and greater in contralateral eyes than in naïve eyes. A non-proliferative microglial reactivation was detected both in contralateral eyes and in OHT eyes in an early time after unilateral laser-induced OHT (24 h). This fast microglial activation, which involves the contralateral eye, could be mediated by the immune system.Item Macular Thickness as a Potential Biomarker of Mild Alzheimer's Disease(Ophthalmology, 2014) García Martín, Elena Salobrar; Rojas López, Blanca; Ramírez Sebastián, Ana Isabel; Hoz Montañana, Rosa de; Salazar Corral, Juan José; Yubero Pancorbo, Raquel; Gil, Pedro; Triviño Casado, Alberto; Ramirez Sebastian, Jose ManuelAlthough several postmortem findings in the retina of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are available, new biomarkers for early diagnosis and follow-up of AD are still lacking. It has been postulated that the defects in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) may be the earliest sign of AD, even before damage to the hippocampal region that affects memory. This fact may reflect retinal neuronal-ganglion cell death and axonal loss in the optic nerve in addition to aging.Item The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson, and glaucoma(Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2017) Daniel Ajoy; Ramírez Sebastián, José Manuel; Hoz Montañana, María Rosa De; García Martín, Elena Salobrar; Salazar Corral, Juan José; Rojas López, María Blanca; López Cuenca, Inés; Rojas Lozano, María Del Pilar; Triviño Casado, Alberto; Ramírez Sebastián, Ana IsabelMicroglia, the immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system (CNS), act as neuropathology sensors and are neuroprotective under physiological conditions. Microglia react to injury and degeneration with immune-phenotypic and morphological changes, proliferation, migration, and inflammatory cytokine production. An uncontrolled microglial response secondary to sustained CNS damage can put neuronal survival at risk due to excessive inflammation. A neuroinflammatory response is considered among the etiological factors of the major aged-related neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS, and microglial cells are key players in these neurodegenerative lesions. The retina is an extension of the brain and therefore the inflammatory response in the brain can occur in the retina. The brain and retina are affected in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and glaucoma. AD is an age-related neurodegeneration of the CNS characterized by neuronal and synaptic loss in the cerebral cortex, resulting in cognitive deficit and dementia. The extracellular deposits of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and intraneuronal accumulations of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (pTau) are the hallmarks of this disease. These deposits are also found in the retina and optic nerve. PD is a neurodegenerative locomotor disorder with the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. This is accompanied by Lewy body inclusion composed of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates. PD also involves retinal dopaminergic cell degeneration. Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease of the optic nerve, characterized by retinal ganglion cell loss. In this pathology, deposition of Aβ, synuclein, and pTau has also been detected in retina. These neurodegenerative diseases share a common pathogenic mechanism, the neuroinflammation, in which microglia play an important role. Microglial activation has been reported in AD, PD, and glaucoma in relation to protein aggregates and degenerated neurons. The activated microglia can release pro-inflammatory cytokines which can aggravate and propagate neuroinflammation, thereby degenerating neurons and impairing brain as well as retinal function. The aim of the present review is to describe the contribution in retina to microglial-mediated neuroinflammation in AD, PD, and glaucomatous neurodegeneration.- Project number: 13
Item Integración de alumnos Erasmus, durante su estancia semestral en el extranjero, en el curso de Oftalmología. Elaboración de material didáctico para seminarios‐practicas y tutorización "on‐line" a través de e‐mail, Whatsapp y Hangouts(2015) Ramírez Sebastián, José Manuel; García Martín, Elena Salobrar; Salazar Corral, Juan José; Ramírez Sebastián, Ana Isabel; Hoz Montañana, María Rosa De; Rojas López, María Blanca; Triviño Casado, Alberto; Gómez De Liaño Sánchez, María Rosario Item Analysis of Retinal Peripapillary Segmentation in Early Alzheimer’s Disease Patients(BioMed Research International, 2015) García Martín, Elena Salobrar; Hoyas, Irene; Leal, Mercedes; Hoz Montañana, María Rosa De; Rojas López, María Blanca; Ramírez Sebastián, Ana Isabel; Salazar Corral, Juan José; Yubero Pancorbo, Raquel; Gil Gregorio, Pedro; Triviño Casado, Alberto; Ramírez Sebastián, José ManuelDecreased thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) may reflect retinal neuronal-ganglion cell death. A decrease in the RNFL has been demonstrated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in addition to aging by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Twenty-three mild-AD patients and 28 age-matched control subjects with mean Mini-Mental State Examination 23.3 and 28.2, respectively, with no ocular disease or systemic disorders affecting vision, were considered for study. OCT peripapillary and macular segmentation thickness were examined in the right eye of each patient. Compared to controls, eyes of patients with mild-AD patients showed no statistical difference in peripapillary RNFL thickness (P>0.05); however, sectors 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, and 11 of the papilla showed thinning, while in sectors 1, 5, 6, 7, and 10 there was thickening. Total macular volume and RNFL thickness of the fovea in all four inner quadrants and in the outer temporal quadrants proved to be significantly decreased (P<0.01). Despite the fact that peripapillary RNFL thickness did not statistically differ in comparison to control eyes, the increase in peripapillary thickness in our mild-AD patients could correspond to an early neurodegeneration stage and may entail the existence of an inflammatory process that could lead to progressive peripapillary fiber damage.Item Anatomy of the Human Optic Nerve: Structure and Function(Optic Nerve, 2018) Salazar Corral, Juan José; Ramírez Sebastián, Ana Isabel; Hoz Montañana, María Rosa De; García Martín, Elena Salobrar; Rojas Lozano, María Del Pilar; Fernández Arrabal, José A.; López Cuenca, Inés; Rojas López, María Blanca; Triviño Casado, Alberto; Ramírez Sebastián, José Manuel; Ferreri, Felicia M.The optic nerve (ON) is constituted by the axons of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). These axons are distributed in an organized pattern from the soma of the RGC to the lateral geniculated nucleus (where most of the neurons synapse). The key points of the ON are the optic nerve head and chiasm. This chapter will include a detailed and updated review of the ON different parts: RGC axons, glial cells, connective tissue of the lamina cribrosa and the septum and the blood vessels derivate from the central retina artery and from the ciliary system. There will be an up-to-date description about the superficial nerve fibre layer, including their organization, and about prelaminar, laminar and retrolaminar regions, emphasizing the axoplasmic flow, glial barriers, biomechanics of the lamina cribrosa and the role of the macro- and microglia in their working.Item Time course of bilateral microglial activation in a mouse model of laser-induced glaucoma(Scientific Reports, 2020) Ramírez Sebastián, Ana Isabel; Hoz Montañana, María Rosa De; Fernández Albarral, José; García Martín, Elena Salobrar; Rojas López, María Blanca; Valiente Soriano, Francisco J.; Avilés Trigueros, Marcelino; Villegas Pérez, María P.; Vidal Sanz, Manuel; Triviño Casado, Alberto; Ramírez Sebastián, José Manuel; Salazar Corral, Juan JoséMicroglial activation is associated with glaucoma. In the model of unilateral laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT), the time point at which the inflammatory process peaks remains unknown. Different time points (1, 3, 5, 8, and 15 d) were compared to analyze signs of microglial activation both in OHT and contralateral eyes. In both eyes, microglial activation was detected in all retinal layers at all time points analyzed, including: i) increase in the cell number in the outer segment photoreceptor layer and plexiform layers (only in OHT eyes) from 3 d onward; ii) increase in soma size from 1 d onward; iii) retraction of the processes from 1 d in OHT eyes and 3 d in contralateral eyes; iv) increase in the area of the retina occupied by Iba-1+ cells in the nerve fiber layer/ganglion cell layer from 1 d onward; v) increase in the number of vertical processes from 1 d in contralateral eyes and 3 d in OHT eyes. In OHT eyes at 24 h and 15 d, most Iba-1+ cells were P2RY12+ and were down-regulated at 3 and 5 d. In both eyes, microglial activation was stronger at 3 and 5 d (inflammation peaked in this model). These time points could be useful to identify factors implicated in the inflammatory process.Item Ophthalmologic Psychophysical Tests Support OCT Findings in Mild Alzheimer's Disease(Journal of Ophthalmology, 2015) García Martín, Elena Salobrar; Hoz Montañana, María Rosa de; Rojas López, María Blanca; Ramírez Sebastián, Ana Isabel; Salazar Corral, Juan José; Yubero Pancorbo, Raquel; Gil Gregorio, Pedro; Triviño Casado, Alberto; Ramirez Sebastian, Jose ManuelPurpose. To analyze in mild Alzheimer's disease (MAD) patients, GDS-4 (Reisberg Scale), whether or not some psychophysical tests (PTs) support OCT macular findings in the same group of MAD patients reported previously. Methods. Twenty-three MAD patients and 28 age-matched control subjects with mean Mini Mental State Examination of 23.3 and 28.2, respectively, with no ocular disease or systemic disorders affecting vision were included. Best-corrected visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS) (3, 6, 12, and 18 cpds), color perception (CP), and perception digital test (PDT) were tested in one eye of each patient. Results. In comparison with the controls, MAD patients presented (i) a significant decrease in VA, PDT, and CS for all spatial frequencies analyzed, especially the higher ones, and (ii) a significant increase in unspecific errors on the blue axis (P < 0.05 in all instances). In MAD patients, a wide a ROC curve was plotted in all PTs. Conclusions. In MAD, CS, VA, and the tritan axis in CP were impaired. The PTs with the greatest predictive value are the higher spatial frequencies in CS and tritan unspecific errors in CP. PT abnormalities are consistent with the structural findings reported in the same MAD patients using OCT.