Person:
Sánchez Iglesias, Iván

First Name

Iván

Last Name

Sánchez Iglesias

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/80027

Affiliation

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Faculty / Institute

Psicología

Department

Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento

Area

Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento

Identifiers

Full item page

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 25

Evaluating Risk Propensity Using an Objective Instrument
(The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 2011) Sueiro Abad, Manuel J.; Moncayo de Tella, Alejandra; Sánchez Iglesias, Iván
Risk propensity is the stable tendency to choose options with a lower probability of success, but greater rewards. Its evaluation has been approached from various perspectives: from self-report questionnaires to objective tests. Self-report questionnaires have often been criticized due to interference from voluntary and involuntary biases, in addition to their lack of predictive value. Objective tests, on the other hand, require resources that make them difficult to administer to large samples. This paper presents an easy-to-administer, 30-item risk propensity test. Each item is itself an objective test describing a hypothetical situation in which the subject must choose between three options, each with a different gain function but equivalent in expected value. To assess its psychometric fit, the questionnaire was administered to 222 subjects, and we performed a test of its reliability as well as exploratory factor analysis. The results supported a three-factor model of risk (Sports and Gambling, Long-term Plans, and Loss Management). After making the necessary adjustments and incorporating a global factor of risk propensity, confirmatory factor analysis was done, revealing that the data exhibited adequate goodness of fit.
The “Why” in Mental Health, Stigma, and Addictive Behaviors: Causal Inferences in Applied Settings
(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023) Sánchez Iglesias, Iván
-Sin resumen ofrecido por el autor-
Significant Differences and Experimental Designs Do Not Necessarily Imply Clinical Relevance: Effect Sizes and Causality Claims in Antidepressant Treatments
(Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2023) Sánchez Iglesias, Iván; Celia Martín-Aguilar
Clinical trials are the backbone of medical scientific research. However, this experimental strategy has some drawbacks. We focused on two issues: (a) The internal validity ensured by clinical trial procedures does not necessarily allow for generalization of efficacy results to causal claims about effectiveness in the population. (b) Statistical significance does not imply clinical or practical significance; p-values should be supplemented with effect size (ES) estimators and an interpretation of the magnitude of the effects found. We conducted a systematic review (from 2000 to 2020) on Scopus, PubMed, and four ProQuest databases, including PsycINFO. We searched for experimental studies with significant effects of pharmacological treatments on depressive symptoms, measured with a specific scale for depression. We assessed the claims of effectiveness, and reporting and interpreting of effect sizes in a small, unbiased sample of clinical trials (n = 10). Only 30% of the studies acknowledged that efficacy does not necessarily translate to effectiveness. Only 20% reported ES indices, and only 40% interpreted the magnitude of their findings. We encourage reflection on the applicability of results derived from clinical trials about the efficacy of antidepressant treatments, which often influence daily clinical decision-making. Comparing experimental results of antidepressants with supplementary observational studies can provide clinicians with greater flexibility in prescribing medication based on patient characteristics. Furthermore, the ES of a treatment should be considered, as treatments with a small effect may be worthwhile in certain circumstances, while treatments with a large effect may be justified despite additional costs or complications. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to report and interpret ES and explicitly discuss the suitability of their sample for the clinical population to which the antidepressant treatment Will be applied.
Secondary education students’ self-assessment: the effects of feedback, subject matter, year level, and gender
(Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 2020) Panadero, Ernesto; Fernández Ruiz, Javier; Sánchez Iglesias, Iván
The effects of relevant factors related to self-assessment have not been systematically investigated. We explored four factors and their effects on self-assessment and self-efficacy: (1) feedback (with vs without), (2) subject matter (Spanish vs mathematics), (3) year level (K7 vs K10 vs K11), and (4) gender. The participants included 64 secondary education students who self-assessed during a set of Spanish and mathematics activities while being video-recorded. Data came from think-aloud protocols, direct observations, and self-reported instruments. The use of self-assessment strategies and criteria was more frequent and advanced without feedback and in females. There were differences in the self-assessment of Spanish and mathematics. As for year level, results showed more similarities than expected, though the use of advanced strategies and criteria varied across levels. Additionally, none of the factors had significant effects on self-efficacy. This study opens a new avenue for self-assessment research, unveiling the black box of self-assessment.
Use of Causal Language in Studies on the Relationship between Spiritually-Based Treatments and Substance Abuse and Relapse Prevention
(Religions, 2021) Sánchez Iglesias, Iván; González-Castaño, Marta; Molina Fernández, Antonio Jesús
The main goal of scientific research is to explain what causes a phenomenon. However, only well-controlled studies guarantee sufficient internal validity to support causal explanations (i.e., experimental and some quasi-experimental designs). The use of causal claims in non-experimental studies can mislead readers into assuming a cause–effect relationship when alternative explanations have not been ruled out, undermining the principle of scientific rigor and the credibility of scientific findings. Although spiritual practices form part of some interventions for health and behavioral problems, their effectiveness cannot often be assessed via experimental methodology. This paper assesses the validity of causal inferences in published non-experimental studies, and more specifically in studies on the relationship between spiritually based treatments and substance abuse improvement and relapse prevention. We conducted a systematic review using Scopus, Pubmed, and several databases included in ProQuest, for the period 2015 to 2020. Out of 16 studies selected, six studies (37.5%) used correct language in the title, abstract, and discussion sections; 10 studies (68.8%) used tendentious or incorrect language in at least one section. Spiritually based treatments show promising results in some health improvement outcomes. Most studies show transparency when reporting results. However, researchers should be careful not to make causal assertions unless the internal validity of the research is sound.
Cutoff scores for workplace bullying: The Spanish Short-Negative Acts Questionnaire (S-NAQ)
(Psicothema, 2019) León-Pérez, José M.; Sánchez Iglesias, Iván; Rodríguez Muñoz, Alfredo; Notelaers, Guy
Background: Workplace bullying is considered a major social stressor at work. However, in the Spanish context, there is a lack of measures that allow researchers and practitioners to distinguish between non-targets and targets of workplace bullying. Method: This study reports the psychometric properties, factor structure, and cutoff scores for the Short-Negative Acts Questionnaire (S-NAQ) in a Spanish sample (N = 1,409). Results: The S-NAQ demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Moreover, both Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that a unifactorial model of workplace bullying fit the data best. Two cutoff points for the S-NAQ were formulated using receiver operating characteristic curves to categorize respondents as “not exposed to workplace bullying” (scores below 15), “at risk of being bullied” (scores between 15 and 22), and “targets of workplace bullying” (scores above 22). Conclusions: These cutoff scores may help researchers and practitioners in diagnosing workplace bullying and designing intervention strategies.
Cognitive Patterns and Problematic Use of Video Games in Adolescents: A Cluster Analysis
(2023) Fernández Arias, Ignacio Gabino; Labrador Méndez, Marta Isabel; Bernaldo De Quirós Aragón, Mónica; Estupiñá Puig, Francisco José; Vallejo Achón, Marina; Sánchez Iglesias, Iván; González Álvarez, María; Labrador Encinas, Francisco Javier
Background: Video game playing (VGP) is an increasingly common leisure activity among children and adolescents, although in some cases, it is accompanied by problems due to misuse. Method: A sample of 2884 children and adolescents aged between 12 and 20, representative of the Community of Madrid (Spain), were studied using a cluster analysis to explore the existence of cognitive patterns associated with engagement, attitudes, and concurrent cognitions. We also explored the relationship between these patterns and problematic VGP, using the 2173 gamers as a reference. Results: The concurrent cognitions were not qualitatively different between the problematic users and the others. High engagement and high activation of concurrent cognitions (intensity and frequency) showed the greatest relationship with problematic VGP. Conclusions: The results suggest the existence of different groups of gamers and the relevance to include psycho-educational aspects in intervention programs, as well as the training of specific skills, especially those related with the control of activation. Limitations related to the sample size and potential supplementary analyses are acknowledged.
Psychological adjustment of children with cancer as compared with healthy children: a meta-analysis
(European Journal of Cancer Care, 2012) Wechsler, A.M.; Sánchez Iglesias, Iván
Childhood cancer is a life-threatening disease and the cause of great stress for children who suffer from itsdiagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to verify, through meta-analytical tools, whether childrenin active treatment for cancer differ in their psychological adjustment from healthy children. Ten studiesfulfilled the inclusion criteria for the meta-analytic approach. A fixed effects model did not yield significantresults, suggesting that there is no evidence for a difference in psychological adjustment between ill andhealthy children, inasmuch as the former seem to adjust as well as the latter. Some methodological aspects arealso considered, including issues related to the definition of psychological adjustment and its operationalisa-tion and to the relative scarcity of published articles in this particular realm. Moreover, suggestions for futurestudies are discussed
Video Game Playing and Internet Gaming Disorder: A Profile of Young Adolescents
(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023) Labrador Méndez, Marta Isabel; Sánchez Iglesias, Iván; Bernaldo De Quirós Aragón, Mónica; Estupiñá Puig, Francisco José; Fernández Arias, Ignacio Gabino; Vallejo Achón, Marina; Labrador Encinas, Francisco Javier
In recent times, growing concern has arisen regarding the utilization of technology, video games, and the emergence of internet gaming disorder (IGD), particularly among young adolescents. This worry arises from the ambiguity in distinguishing between “normal” and “problematic” video game behavior, despite efforts to establish clear criteria for defining both. The goal of this study is to outline distinct profiles of adolescent video game players and identify variables associated with their gaming practices that correlate with problematic gaming. The study utilizes a substantial sample of adolescents drawn from a representative cross-section of educational institutions in the city of Madrid, ranging in age from 12 to 16 years. In total, 1516 participants (75%) acknowledged engaging in video game activities. The research delves into characterizing prevailing profiles of video game participants within this cohort and scrutinizes the profile that aligns with issues of IGD. In summary, approximately three-quarters of young adolescents participate in video gaming, with males constituting the majority. Typically, participants immerse themselves in action genre games for over three days per week, with males exhibiting a higher frequency than their female counterparts. Elevated gaming frequency correlates with heightened IGD scores, particularly among females. Young adolescents show a preference for game consoles (males) and mobile phones (females) and often play alone at home. Specific factors such as the device used, online mode, company, and gaming location impact the IGD scores. These profiles aim to assist families and educators in recognizing potential risk behaviors and IGD concerns; however, it is crucial to emphasize the necessity for case-specific screening and evaluation before deliberating on such behaviors.
Regulating Gambling Use through the Overton Window: From an Addictive Behavior to a Social and Epidemiological Problem
(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023) Molina Fernández, Antonio Jesús; Robert Segarra, Anna; Martín Herrero, José Antonio; Sánchez Iglesias, Iván; Saiz Galdós, Jesús; Fernández Mora, Karla
During the last decade, gambling (online and offline) regulation has become a social and epidemiological problem all around Europe. The aftermaths of this addiction have increased since the so-called “responsible gambling law”, in the second decade of the 21st century. The Overton window (OW) strategy is a political theory that describes how the perception of public opinion can be modified so that ideas that are inconceivable for society become accepted over time. The objective of this study is to identify whether an OW has been used to bias the adequacy of the gambling debate, as well as its scientific, legal, and political bases and the main consequences for both the general population and the major risk groups, especially the consequences in social and health contexts. The study was conducted by the application of the historical-logical method as the central axis of analysis and reflection, and the technique of qualitative research content analysis as a procedure in the process of execution of the scientific task, related to a historical trend study of the research object. The main consequences found were: the political acceptance of gambling for economical causes and taxes benefits, the use of popular characters to increase the acceptance of the pattern of behavior, the inclusion of the gambling operators as agents in the risks control, and the absence of intervention until the main consequences have been transformed into an epidemiological problem (with social aftermaths higher than the previously identified related to the gambling problems). Furthermore, the results suggest the need to implement prevention and health promotion strategies and the adoption of specific legal measures that regulate the access and the marketing of gambling operators’ activities.