Person: Herrero Fernández, María Josefa
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First Name
María Josefa
Last Name
Herrero Fernández
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Ciencias Geológicas
Department
Mineralogía y Petrología
Area
Petrología y Geoquímica
Identifiers
36 results
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Now showing 1 - 10 of 36
Item The use of location–allocation techniques for exploration targeting of high place-value industrial minerals: A market-based prospectivity study of the Spanish gypsum resources(Ore geology reviews, 2013) Escavy Fernández, José Ignacio; Herrero Fernández, María JosefaProspectivity mapping is used to define favorable areas for mineral exploration. The location–allocation modeling can help in ranking exploration zones for high-volume low-price industrial minerals. This type of minerals are said to have a high place-value, meaning that they derive much of their value from the fact that extraction points are located close to the demand points. With this aim, a GIS-based location–allocation model of the gypsum resources in Spain is presented in this paper. Results point to the recognition of the most interesting areas that should be investigated and places where new gypsum facilities could be located. Moreover, the model allows evaluation of the relative economic interest of the new areas as compared with the existing ones. Based on this modeling, the geological regions with the greatest potential to place new facilities are located in the northwestern (Cantabrian zone) and north-eastern (easternmost Catalonia) parts of the Iberian Peninsula, with potential market share values higher than 5.25%. Most of the economically interesting gypsum bearing units in these regions are of Mesozoic age, although Neogene deposits of the central part of Catalonia are not ruled out. In addition, the prospectivity analysis map leads to establish an area where the excess of gypsum factories results in a drastic decrease of the market share value within this region (< 1.84 %). The maps obtained with this prospectivity analysis help in the area selection and the target identification phases of a mineral exploration. The model could easily be used for other similar high place-value industrial minerals and rocks.Item El centro de interpretación de la Cueva de Castañar: un ejemplo de difusión de la investigación en Geología Sedimentaria(2011) Martín Pérez, A.; Alonso Zarza, Ana María; Martín García, Rebeca; Gil Peña, I.; Meléndez, A.; Herrero Fernández, María Josefa; Rodríguez Berriguete, Álvaro; Pérez-Monserrat, Elena M.; Charco Romero, MaríaItem Gypsum resources of Spain: Temporal and spatial distribution(Ore geology reviews, 2012) Escavy Fernández, José Ignacio; Herrero Fernández, María Josefa; Arribas Mocoroa, María EugeniaSpain is one of the main gypsum producers in the world. Spanish gypsum reserves are large and a good knowledge of the location of the ore reserves permits to establish better exploitation strategies. Plotting the Spanish major gypsum outcrops, using a GIS base, helps to classify them by age, establish the main depositional character and determine the factors controlling their origin. Evaporitic deposits from Cambrian to Quaternary are preserved throughout Spain. The evaporites are formed by chemical precipitation of natural brines, either of marine or continental origin. The oldest evaporite vestiges in the Spanish geological record have been described in carbonate materials, as gypsum and anhydrite pseudomorphs, in Cambrian deposits of the Cantabro–Iberian basin (northern Spain). The first properly identified evaporite formation in Spain is located in the Triassic deposits that characterize central and northern Europe. In Spain, evaporites of this age appear well represented in 4394.5 km2 of outcrop area in the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. The Lower Jurassic (covering 1068 km2 of outcrop area) and the Cretaceous (covering 706.9 km2 of outcrop area) are periods of intense evaporitic sedimentation, and outcrops appear concentrated towards central and eastern parts of the Peninsula. More recently, in the Cenozoic, numerous continental and marine basins resulted from the tectonic activity produced by the Alpine Orogeny. Here, a combination of different factors produced thick and wide evaporite accumulations (outcrop surface is 13592.7 km2). In the Quaternary, evaporitic conditions are common in Spain, including various saline lakes (covering 1092.1 km2 of outcrop area) mainly in the Ebro basin and La Mancha zone. In addition, there are many artificial marine salinas. The evaporitic conditions in a basin strongly depend on factors such as climate, tectonics and brine composition. A study of the spatial distribution and age of the gypsum-bearing units in Spain suggests a wide variation in factors controlling the origin of gypsum deposits. The Spanish evaporite precipitation from Permian to Jurassic times was controlled by global conditions such as climate. They were formed during a global warming period. On the other hand, evaporites formed from late Cretaceous to Neogene were more influenced by regional factors that were related to the tectonic activity produced by the Alpine Orogeny. At present evaporite precipitation occurs due to the endorheic character of lakes in some parts of Spain.Item Clay mineral occurrence and burial transformations: reservoir potential of thepermo-triassic sediments of the Iberian range(Basin Research, 2015) Marfil, Rafaela; La Iglesia, Á.; Herrero Fernández, María Josefa; Scherer, Michael; Delgado Huertas, AntonioThe diagenetic evolution of Permian (Autunian and Saxonian) and Triassic (Buntsandstein) sand-stones and mudrocks have been studied over 1000 m sequence from the Sig€uenza 44-3 drill core inthe Iberian Range, Spain. We compare and contrast the diagenetic processes in these differentlithologies and the timing of clay mineral formation. Moreover, we establish the relationshipbetween clay mineral diagenesis and reservoir potential. Both the Permian and Triassic successionsare characterised by conglomerates, sandstones and interbedded mudstones of fluvial origin thatchange upwards into distal deposits of a fluvio-deltaic system. The clay minerals are illite, illite-smectite mixed layers, kaolinite and dickite. The illite content in all sequences is not related todiminished feldspars; it is owing to the initial detrital mineralogical composition of the Autuniansandstones. The effect of feldspar alteration to kaolin minerals has a strong influence on the lost ofporosity-permeability in the Saxonian facies. In contrast, illite and mixed layers illite-smectite arethe main clay rims preserving porosity in the Buntsandstein sandstones. However, fibrous illite isthe dominant pore-filling in the Permian Autunian facies, closing porosity and permeability. Kaoli-nite and dickite show opposite trends: dickite increases yet kaolinite decreases from Triassic to Per-mian sandstones. Dickite replaced kaolinite during burial-thermal evolution of the succession. ThedD andd18O isotopic signatures from silt and clay fractions indicate a mixture of meteoric and mar-ine waters, and suggest a minimum temperature range between 60 and 150°C for diagenetic porefluids. The PermiandD values (�24&to�44&) are relatively similar to Buntsandstein values(�24&to�37&). However, the Permiand18O values (+7.6 and+15.3, average of+13.3&) aregenerally higher byca.6.2&compared to the Buntsandstein data (4.8–10.1&, average+7.1&).Such a variation is interpreted as the result of mesodiagenetic pore fluid changes. The extensivedickitisation of kaolinite is attributed to increased hydrogen ions resulting from maturation oforganic matter. The vitrinite reflectance of organic matter and the modelled thermal history suggesta maximum burial of 3400 m, accomplished 70 Ma ago. The Permo-Triassic reached the gas win-dow shortly before major uplift, at 65 Ma, when further maturation and hydrocarbon expulsion ceasedItem Strontium isotopes and sedimentology of a marine Triassic succession (upper Ladinian) of the westernmost Tethys, Spain(Journal of Iberian Geology, 2016) Sánchez-Moya, Yolanda; Herrero Fernández, María Josefa; Sopeña, AlfonsoChemical Stratigraphy, or the study of the variation of chemical elements within sedimentary sequences, has gradually become an experienced tool in the research and correlation of global geologic events. In this paper 87Sr/ 86Sr ratios of the Triassic marine carbonates (Muschelkalk facies) of southeast Iberian Ranges, Iberian Peninsula, are presented and the representative Sr-isotopic curve constructed for the upper Ladinian interval. The studied stratigraphic succession is 102 meters thick, continuous, and well preserved. Previous paleontological data from macro and micro, ammonites, bivalves, foraminifera, conodonts and palynological assemblages, suggest a Fassanian-Longobardian age (Late Ladinian).Although diagenetic minerals are present in small amounts, the elemental data content of bulk carbonate samples, especially Sr contents, show a major variation that probably reflects palaeoenvironmental changes. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios curve shows a rise from 0.707649 near the base of the section to 0.707741 and then declines rapidly to 0.707624, with a final values rise up to 0.70787 in the upper part. The data up to meter 80 in the studied succession is broadly concurrent with 87Sr/86Sr ratios of sequences of similar age and complements these data. Moreover, the sequence stratigraphic framework and its key surfaces, which are difficult to be recognised just based in the facies analysis, are characterised by combining variations of the Ca, Mg, Mn, Sr and CaCO3 contentsItem Thenardite after mirabilite deposits as a cool climate indicator in the geological record: lower Miocene of central Spain(Climate of the past, 2015) Herrero Fernández, María Josefa; Escavy Fernández, José Ignacio; Schreiber, B.C.Salt deposits are commonly used as indicators of different paleoclimates and sedimentary environments, as well as being geological resources of great economic interest. Ordinarily, the presence of salt deposits is related to warm and arid environmental conditions, but there are salts, like mirabilite, that form by cooling and a concentration mechanism based on cooling and/or freezing. The diagenetic transformation of mirabilite into thenardite in the upper part of the lower Miocene unit of the Tajo basin (Spain) resulted in the largest reserves of this important industrial mineral in Europe. This unit was formed in a time period ( +-18.4 Ma) that, in other basins of the Iberian Peninsula, is characterized by the existence of particular mammal assemblages appropriate to a relatively cool and arid climate. Determining the origin of the thenardite deposits as related to the diagenetic alteration of a pre-existing mirabilite permits the establishment and characterization of the sedimentary environment where it was formed and also suggests use as a possible analog with comparable deposits from extreme conditions such as Antarctica or Mars.Item Economic aspects of continental carbonates and carbonates transformed under continental conditions(Carbonates in continental settings : geochemistry, diagenesis and applications, 2010) Herrero Fernández, María Josefa; Escavy, J.I.; Alonso Zarza, Ana María; Tanner, Lawrence H.Item Variable style of transition between Palaeogene fluvial fan and lacustrine systems, southern Pyrenean foreland, NE Spain(Sedimentology, 2007) Sáez, Alberto; Anadón, Pere; Herrero Fernández, María Josefa; Moscariello, AndreaTwo Palaeogene fluvial fan systems linked to the south-Pyrenean margin are recognized in the eastern Ebro Basin: the Cardona–Su´ ria and Solsona–Sanau¨ ja fans. These had radii of 40 and 35 km and were 800 and 600 km2 in area respectively. During the Priabonian to the Middle Rupelian, the fluvial fans built into a hydrologically closed foreland basin, and shallow lacustrine systems persisted in the basin centre. In the studied area, both fans are part of the same upward-coarsening megasequence (up to 800 m thick), driven by hinterland drainage expansion and foreland propagation of Pyrenean thrusts. Fourteen sedimentary facies have been grouped into seven facies associations corresponding to medial fluvial fan, channelized terminal lobe, nonchannelized terminal lobe, mudflat, deltaic, evaporitic playa-lake and carbonate-rich, shallow lacustrine environments. Lateral correlations define two styles of alluvial-lacustrine transition. During low lake-level stages, terminal lobes developed, whereas during lake highstands, fluvial-dominated deltas and interdistributary bays were formed. Terminal lobe deposits are characterized by extensive (100–600 m wide) sheet-like fine sandstone beds formed by sub-aqueous, quasi-steady, hyperpycnal turbidity currents. Sedimentary structures and trace fossils indicate rapid desiccation and subaerial exposure of the lobe deposits. These deposits are arranged in coarsening–fining sequences (metres to tens of metres in thickness) controlled by a combination of tectonics, climatic oscillations and autocyclic sedimentary processes. The presence of anomalously deeply incised distributary channels associated with distal terminal lobe or mudflat deposits indicates rapid lake-level falls. Deltaic deposits form progradational coarsening-upward sequences (several metres thick) characterized by channel and friction-dominated mouth-bar facies overlying white-grey offshore lacustrine facies. Deltaic bar deposits are less extensive (50–300 m wide) than the terminal lobes and were also deposited by hyperpycnal currents, although they lack evidence of emergence. Sandy deltaic deposits accumulated locally at the mouths of main feeder distal fan streams and were separated by muddy interdistributary bays; whereas the terminal lobe sheets expand from a series of mid-fan intersection points and coalesced to form a more continuous sandy fan fringe.Item Current travertines precipitation related to artificial CO2 leakages from a natural reservoir (Gañuelas-Mazarrón Tertiary Basin, SE Spain)(Journal of Hydrology, 2019) Rodrigo Naharro, Julio; Herrero Fernández, María Josefa; Delgado Huertas, Antonio; Granados, Arsenio; Pérez del Villar Guillén, L.In the framework of a natural CO2 reservoir with CO2 leakages as an analogue of a failed CO2 deep geological storage, the current precipitation of travertines and the associated upwelling of CO2-rich saline groundwater were analysed. This natural analogue is located in the Gañuelas-Mazarrón Tertiary Basin (SE Spain). The study comprises of the chemistry of both groundwater and travertines, including stable isotopes, mineralogy and petrography of the travertines, all this performed after a review of the geology of the basin. In this sense, the basin gathers the main features of a safe natural CO2 reservoir in a deep saline aquifer sealed by a thick marl formation. The aquifer was artificially perturbed by the drilling of wells, inducing the travertines precipitation at these water discharge points. Groundwater is saline, slightly acid, oversaturated in aragonite and calcite and with significant concentrations of heavy elements, some of them toxic. From an isotopic viewpoint, the relative constant δ13C-DIC values suggest that carbon is mainly inorganic in origin with minor organic and mantle contributions. Travertines are basically composed of aragonite or calcite, their precipitation being controlled by a sudden CO2 degassing and minor biological activity. Their δ13C signatures indicate that carbon mainly has an inorganic origin, although some contribution of organic carbon must be considered as well. Furthermore, these carbonate deposits did not precipitate in isotopic equilibrium, as determined by δ18O values. Finally, it is suggested that the appearance of travertines along with their carbon isotopic signatures represent efficient tools for detecting CO2 leakages from any CO2 storage site.Item Recursos multimedia en el Campus Virtual de las asignaturas de Petrología Sedimentaria(VII Jornada Campus Virtual UCM: valorar, validar y difundir Campus Virtual, 2012) Arribas Mocoroa, María Eugenia; Pérez Uz, María Blanca; López Martínez, Nieves; López Acevedo, Francisco Javier; Herrero Fernández, María Josefa; Escavy Fernández, José IgnacioSe presentan los primeros vídeos docentes creados para las asignaturas de Petrología Sedimentaria I y II del Grado de Geología. Estos vídeos se encuentran alojados en el canal Atlas de Petrología Sedimentaria de Complumedia (UCM) para facilitar su enlace desde el Campus Virtual. Asimismo, desde la web docente http://www.ucm.es/info/petrosed/, se ha creado un enlace directo al canal de Complumedia para poder visualizarlos. Este material multimedia de carácter docente consigue atraer y aproximar a los alumnos a las prácticas de manera atractiva e inmediata. La aportación de estos recursos audiovisuales supone un gran avance en la utilización de nuevas Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación, de acuerdo con las exigencias que demandan los nuevos planes de estudio en el Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior (EEES). La posibilidad de poder utilizar este material desde las diferentes plataformas del Campus Virtual de la UCM, así como desde cualquier entorno de Internet, facilita su utilización y difusión, avanzando considerablemente en las enseñanzas a distancia o e-learning.