Person:
Jiménez Escobar, María Dolores

First Name

María Dolores

Last Name

Jiménez Escobar

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/74430

Affiliation

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Faculty / Institute

Ciencias Biológicas

Department

Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución

Area

Ecología

Identifiers

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 17

Guía Rápida de SPSS v.25 (Prácticas de Ecología)
(2019) López-Pintor Alcón, Antonio; Barandica Fernández, Jesús; Acosta Gallo, Belén; Casado González, Miguel Ángel; Delgado Sáez, Juan Antonio; García Avilés, Javier; de las Heras Puñal, Paloma; Herrero de Jáuregui, Cristina; Jiménez Escobar, María Dolores; López de Pablo, Carlos Tomás; Martín de Agar Valverde, Pilar; Martín Zorrilla, Juan Vicente; Morcillo Alonso, Felipe; Ortega Quero, Marta; Rovira Sanroque, José Vicente; Serrano Talavera, José Manuel
Guía rápida de SPSS v.25 para usar en las Prácticas de Ecología (Grado en Biología, 3er curso)
Project number: 235
Programa piloto de uso del portafolio como herramienta docente en el Grado de Biología
(2020) Delgado Sáez, Juan Antonio; Jiménez Escobar, María Dolores; Pias Couso, María Beatriz; Herrero De Jáuregui, Cristina; Pérez Tris, Javier; Sánchez Jiménez, Abel; González Martín, Antonio; Saura Álvarez, María; Rodríguez Sousa, Antonio Alberto; Pardos Martínez, Fernando; Sánchez De Dios, Rut; Gutiérrez López, Mónica; Schmitz García, María Fe; Ramírez García, Álvaro; Vergara Carretero, Susana; Pulido Delgado, Francisco; Santos Martínez, Tomas; Acosta Gallo, Belén; Panetsos Petrova, Fivos; Arriero Higueras, Elena; Almodovar Pérez, Ana María; López De Pablo, Carlos Tomas; Alonso Campos, Germán; Miguel Garcinuño, José Manuel De; Gabriel Y Galán Moris, José María; Hernández Pazmiño, Nathalia
Memoria final del proyecto de Innovación educativa "Programa piloto de uso del portafolio como herramienta docente en el Grado de Biología"
Project number: 125
Seguimiento de los efectos del cambio climático en el Campus
(2023) Delgado Sáez, Juan Antonio; Jiménez Escobar, María Dolores; Pérez Corona, María Esther; Marín Blnaco, Juan Carlos; Fernández Sousa, David; García Osuna, David; García Bravo, Cristian; García Matesanz, Sara; Giménez Soutullo Ferrán; Mediavilla Bailo, Claudia; Ruiz Repiso, Ángela; Serrano Arranz, Sofía; Sorrez González, Rafael
Se presenta la memoria del Proyecto de Innovación docente titulado Seguimiento de los efectos del cambio climático en el Campus. En este proyecto se desarrollan tres objetivos: 1) Capacitar al estudiante a la obtención de datos con validez científica, comprometiéndose con la toma cuidadosa y estandarizada de mediciones que permitan un análisis fiable y repetible, mientras realizan trabajo en equipo; 2) Reforzar el posicionamiento de la Ecología como ciencia que se basa en datos para la elaboración de hipótesis y el rechazo o apoyo a las predicciones que se deriven de estas hipótesis. Se trata de evitar que dogmaticen la teoría y vean los conceptos de la asignatura ligados a la realidad observable; y 3) Enseñar diversas técnicas de medición que no son aplicables para los grupos grandes que manejamos en las prácticas.
Soil development at the roadside: a case study of a novel ecosystem
(Land Degradation and Development, 2011) Jiménez Escobar, María Dolores; Ruiz-Capillas, P.; Mola, Ignacio; Pérez Corona, Esther; Casado González, Miguel Ángel; Balaguer Núñez, Luis
Over the last few decades, road construction has increased dramatically, and new surfaces have appeared in most landscapes. Standard roadside reclamation practices often fail, because vegetation establishment appears to be limited by microsite availability. We considered soil properties as a key factor driving vegetation establishment on roadslopes over time. We address the following questions: (i) Are soil features conditioned by type of roadslope, position thereupon or applied hydroseeding? (ii) Is there any evidence of soil development at the roadside four years after road construction? (iii) Do mutual interactions exist between soil features and vegetation cover? We designed an experimental set-up on a highway in Central Spain (Madrid). We selected 15 roadslopes (nine roadcuts and six embankments) with three hydroseeding treatments (commercial, alternative and untreated). Four years after the road construction, we considered three roadslope positions (top, middle and bottom) to take into account the geomorphological gradient.We monitored soil features and vegetation cover over 4 years after the road construction. Soil chemical differences were found between roadslope types, mainly resulted from topsoil spreading on embankments and the weathering of the newly exposed materials on roadcuts. Applied amendments do not affect soil fertility or vegetation cover. In the course of time, vegetation establishment and geomorphological gradients operate differentially on roadcuts and embankments. Accordingly, cycling back of organic compounds or geomorphological processes differs between roadslopes types. Restoration efforts should be directed to guarantee key ecological processes and support soil formation.
Erratum to: Field patterns of temporal variations in the light environment within the crowns of a Mediterranean evergreen tree (Olea europaea)
(Trees, 2016) Ventre-Lespiaucq, Agustina B.; Escribano Rocafort, Adrián Gaspar; Delgado Sáez, Juan Antonio; Jiménez Escobar, María Dolores; Rubio de Casas, Rafael; Granado Yela, Carlos; Balaguer Núñez, Luis
Spatial and demographic structure of tara stands (Caesalpinia spinosa) in Peru: Influence of present and past forest management
(Forest Ecology and Management, 2016) Cordero, I.; Jiménez Escobar, María Dolores; Delgado Sáez, Juan Antonio; Villegas, L.; Balaguer Núñez, Luis
Tropical dry forests are highly endangered ecosystems that have been scarcely studied. Many species within these forests suffer regeneration problems due to unsustainable management regimes. In particular, a regeneration problem has been detected in a forest of tara (Caesalpinia spinosa), a neotropical tree of high ecological and economic value, in Atiquipa (Peru). The study of the spatial patterns and population structure of forests can help us understand their dynamics and evaluate the effects of management. In this article, we analyse the stand demographic structure, spatial distribution and patterns of plant interactions in tara forests. We evaluate whether the regeneration problem in Atiquipa is strictly local or a problem of general concern and investigate the most probable causes. Four tara stands were selected at different localities in Peru. Two stands (Andurco and Polán) had a reverse J-shaped diametric structure, typical of stable self-replacing forests, although Polán had a low number of young trees, indicating an incipient regeneration problem. The Lloque histogram was skewed (with a maximum in seedlings 61 cm), indicating over-exploitation in the past and present forest regeneration. Maguey had a low number of regenerates, with peaks in some intermediate diametric classes, which may indicate natural regeneration problems or some past management. Spatial distribution of tara trees did not depart from the null model (�random distribution), typical of trees dispersed by zoochory. Maguey was an exception, showing a regular pattern at short distances, possibly associated with past management (like selective cuttings and/or plantations). These results suggest that in most of the analysed stands the current forest management (i.e. excessive seed collection or grazing) limits tara forest regeneration. However, the only stand with a protected status presented a clear tendency toward population increase. Bivariate analyses revealed an aggregated pattern between seedlings and adult trees. Moreover, the plant-plant interaction study showed that seedlings were associated with woody vegetation. These positive associations highlight a facilitative effect that ameliorates stressful microclimatic characteristics and/or protects tara seedlings from herbivory. The results of this study support some recommendations for sustainable management, such as controlled stocking rate, limited seed collection and promotion of bush cover.
Soil functionality at the roadside: Zooming in on a microarthropod community in an anthropogenic soil
(Ecological Engineering, 2013) Magro Ruiz, Sandra; Gutiérrez López, Mónica; Casado González, Miguel Ángel; Jiménez Escobar, María Dolores; Trigo Aza, María Dolores; Mola, Ignacio; Balaguer Núñez, Luis
Earth movements for road construction give rise to nutrient-poor anthrosols. Early onset of soil processes in these environments has been reported on the basis of plant cover establishment. Evidences of full soil functionality, however, would reveal the emergence of a self-sustainable ecosystem on these manmade substrates. The aims of the present study involved (1) assessing soil functionality on six-year-old road embankments by means of the QBS index, based on microarthropod communities (2) elucidating soil properties responsible for the composition of soil microartrhopod communities, and (3) exploring the practical implications of soil quality for road embankment management. Road embankments were functional with QBS values comparable to those found in natural systems (>100). Soil quality in these environments depended on soil organic carbon dynamics. Among the 36 arthropod groups found, Acari and Collembola dominated the soil community. Variation in microarthropod community composition was best explained by higher abundances of Brachypilina (Oribatida, Acari) and Symphypleona (Collembola). These trends in soil community structure were intimately linked to soil organic carbon content, clay content and humidity. Given its relevance, the acknowledgment of the early functionality attained by these roadside anthrosols should lead to the revision of current protocols for roadslope monitoring and management.
Project number: 295
Laboratorio de cambio climático
(2018) Jiménez Escobar, María Dolores; Delgado Sáez, Juan Antonio; Barandica Fernández, Jesús María; Serrano Talavera, José Manuel; Hernández Pazmiño, Nathalia; Betanska, Agata; Díaz Carro, Miguel; Soneira Martínez, Fernando
En el presente proyecto, se aborda e ilustra de un modo sencillo el estudio del cambio climático dentro de la asignatura de Ecología y asignaturas relacionadas. En este tema, los estudiantes deben superar la dificultad de entender que el cambio climático es un proceso a nivel planetario, con consecuencias detectables a nivel local. Para facilitar la compresión de éstos conceptos podemos simular de manera experimental un aumento de temperatura a nivel de parcela y estudiar cómo se pueden ver afectados algunos de los procesos esenciales que rigen la dinámica de las comunidades biológicas y el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas a pequeña escala. Con dicho propósito en el presente proyecto de innovación docente se proyectó la instalación de OTCs (Open Top Chamber) en el Real Jardín Botánico Alfonso XIII, para facilitar la monitorización por parte de los alumnos de variables ambientales sensibles al cambio climático y poder realizar pequeños experimentos que permitieran abordar trabajos de investigación, trabajos fin de grado e, incluso, trabajos fin de máster.
Use of restoration plantings to enchance bird seed dispersal at the roadside: failures and prospects
(Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 2015) Torre Ceijas, Rocío de la; Jiménez Escobar, María Dolores; Ramírez García, Álvaro; Mola, Ignacio; Casado González, Miguel Ángel; Balaguer Núñez, Luis
Plantings are commonly used in roadside reclamation for ornamental purposes and for increasing slope stability and road safety. However, the role of these plantings in restoring ecological processes, such as seed dispersal, has received little attention. We carried out a study to assess the potential role of plantings on roadside embankments to attract frugivorous birds and to enhance seed dispersal mediated by birds from the surrounding landscape. We examined: (1) bird species richness and abundance; (2) patterns of avian spatial distribution within embankments and (3) seed dispersal mediated by birds. Bird richness and abundance did not differ between embankments with and without plantings. However, birds were not distributed randomly within embankments, with levels of species richness and abundance for facultative frugivorous between 4.8–8 times higher in areas closer to plantings. An analysis of bird droppings showed that birds only dispersed seeds of the planted species since no seeds of woody plants from matrices were detected. These results suggest that plantings acted as selective birdattractors, providing food and perches for frugivorous species. Nevertheless, the scarcity of seed-dispersing birds in the surrounding agricultural landscape prevented plantings from enhancing seed dispersal and connectivity to adjacent habitat.
Project number: 201
Fomentando biólogos emprendedores desde la asignatura de Proyectos y Estudios en Biología (cuarto curso del Grado de Biología)
(2022) Morcillo Alonso, Felipe; Beroiz Remírez, Beatriz; Pedro Ormeño, Nuria de; Alfaro Sánchez, David; Jiménez Escobar, María Dolores; López Torres, Mónica; Ortega Moreno, Álvaro Dario; Rello Varona, Santiago; López González-Nieto, Pilar; Urrialde de Andrés, Rafael; Reviriego Eiros, Mario; Pintos López, Beatriz; Roda Ghisleri, Lucía Vera; Sánchez Ballesta, María Teresa; Fernández Messina, Lola María; Trujillo de la Cruz, Marta; Franco López, Daniel; Baratas Díaz, Alfredo
Este proyecto se elabora con el objetivo principal de fomentar el emprendimiento en los estudiantes de 4º Grado de Biología para que constituyan su empresa, redacten sus proyectos y participen en la Convocatoria de Premios de Emprendimiento Universitario UCM, en la Convocatoria Preincubadora BIO y, potencialmente, en futuras licitaciones públicas. Los miembros del equipo que han participado en el proyecto están o han estado involucrados a lo largo de varios cursos en la docencia de la asignatura de “Proyectos y Estudios en Biología”. El equipo tiene un marcado carácter interdisciplinar ya que está compuesto por profesores que pertenecen a diferentes unidades docentes de todos los departamentos de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, además de dos estudiantes UCM del Grado de Biología y del Máster de Ecología, egresados del curso académico anterior. La metodología seguida para la consecución de los objetivos del proyecto se ha basado en la búsqueda, la obtención, el análisis de documentos necesarios y, finalmente, la elaboración de los materiales didácticos. Los documentos ofrecidos a los estudiantes han sido consultados en torno al 60-70% por ellos en más de 5 ocasiones. La parte que más les ha ayudado, en todos los casos, es la de la estructura de los documentos, y coinciden, en todos los documentos, en la dificultad de comprensión del lenguaje empleado. Aun así, las actividades realizadas durante el desarrollo de este proyecto han permitido que se alcance el objetivo planteado, siendo conscientes de la necesidad de continuar evaluando los resultados del proyecto a largo plazo.