Person: Novo RodrÃguez, Marta
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First Name
Marta
Last Name
Novo RodrÃguez
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Ciencias Biológicas
Department
Biodiversidad, EcologÃa y Evolución
Area
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35 results
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Now showing 1 - 10 of 35
Publication Contrasting phylogeographic patterns of earthworms (Crassiclitellata, Lumbricidae) on near-shore mediterranean islands.(Elsevier, 2020-10) Marchán, Daniel F.; Hedde, Mickäel; Lapied, Emmanuel; Maggia, Marie-Eugénie; Novo RodrÃguez, Marta; DomÃnguez, Jorge; Decaëns, ThibaudComparative phylogeography is a powerful methodological approach to understand the particular evolutionary phenomena that occur in islands. This method has been rarely applied to insular earthworm communities. These soil animals show a striking dichotomy in their phylogeographic patterns: deeply divergent, regionally structured linages and widely distributed, genetically homogeneous lineages. An intensive earthworm sampling campaign in the Southern France archipelago of Hyères served as an opportunity to check for the existence of these patterns in the framework of a near-shore, continental archipelago. Molecular barcoding (COI sequencing) was performed for earthworm communities of 31 localities, and the seven with more informative distributions were chosen for phylogenetic inference and genetic diversity evaluation. A time-calibrated phylogeny was obtained to estimate a temporal framework for colonization and divergence within the islands, and haplotype networks were used to visualize relationships between populations in detail. Four species (Allolobophora chlorotica, Aporrectodea nocturna, Scherotheca cf. dugesi and Scherotheca rhodana) showed clades restricted to the archipelago and hints of Plio-Pleistocene in situ divergence. The other three species (Aporrectodea rosea, Aporrectodea trapezoides and Eiseniella tetraedra) lacked geographic structure, being nested in clades with individuals from distant countries; their arrival to the archipelago appeared consistent with human-mediated introduction. These contrasting phylogeographic patterns are discussed in the context of paleogeographic events affecting the Mediterranean in the Late Tertiary-Quaternary and biological traits of earthworms, with biparental sexual vs parthenogenetic reproduction as the main factor explaining them.Publication Diversification patterns in cosmopolitan earthworms: similar mode but different tempo(Elsevier, 2016-01) Fernández GarcÃa, Rosa Mª; Novo RodrÃguez, Marta; Marchán, Daniel F.; DÃaz CosÃn, DarÃo J.Comparative phylogeography of widespread species that span the same geographic areas can elucidate the influence of historical events on current patterns of biodiversity, identify patterns of co-vicariance, and therefore aid the understanding of general evolutionary processes. Soil-dwelling animals present characteristics that make them suitable for testing the effect of the palaeogeographical events on their distribution and diversification, such as their low vagility and population structure. In this study, we shed light on the spatial lineage diversification and cladogenesis of two widely-distributed cosmopolitan and invasive earthworms (Aporrectodea rosea and A. trapezoides) in their putative ancestral area of origin, the Western Palearctic, and a few populations in North America. Molecular analyses were conducted on mitochondrial and nuclear markers from 220 (A. rosea) and 198 (A. trapezoides) individuals collected in 56 and 57 localities, respectively. We compared the lineage diversification pattern, genetic variability and cladogenesis in both species. Our findings showed that both species underwent a similar diversification from the Western Mediterranean plates to (i) Northern Europe and (ii) the Iberian Peninsula, establishing their two main lineages. Their diversification was in concordance with the main palaeogeographical events in the Iberian Peninsula and Western Mediterranean, followed by a later colonization of North America from individuals derived exclusively from the Eurosiberian lineage. Their diversification occurred at different times, with the diversification of A. rosea being potentially more ancient. Cladogenesis in both species seems to have been modelled only by the Mediterranean plate shifts, ignoring historical climatic oscillations such as the Messinian salinity crisis. Their high genetic variability, strong population structure, lack of gene flow and stepping-stone-like cladogenesis suggest the existence of different cryptic lineages. Our results may indicate a recurrent event in invasive earthworms within their ancestral distribution areas in the Western Palearctic.Publication Geostatistical and multivariate analysis of the horizontal distribution of an earthworm community in El Molar (Madrid, Spain)(2007) Hernández Gordo, Patricia; Fernández, Rosa; Novo RodrÃguez, Marta; Trigo Aza, MarÃa Dolores; DÃaz CosÃn, DarÃo J.The earthworm community in El Molar (Madrid) is studied, and its distribution patterns and relation with some soil factors are described by using geostatistic and multivariate tools. Six species were found, Hormogaster elisae, Allolobophora rosea and Allolobophora caliginosa being the three most abundant ones. These speciesexhibited a clumped distribution. The most dominant species, H. elisae, was distributed in patches of an average size of 45m in spring and more than 100m inautumn. A. rosea was aggregated in patches of an average size of 22m and A. caliginosa formed patches of an average size of 38 m. There seemed to be a positive correlation between the abundance of H. elisae and the percentage of total and coarse sands, as well as a negative correlation with clay, nitrogen, carbon and coarse loams contents, opposite to what was observed for A. rosea.Publication Predicting soil micro-variables and the distribution of an endogeic earthworm species through a model based on large-scale variables(Elsevier, 2015-02) Fernández Marchán, Daniel; Refoyo Román, Pablo; Novo RodrÃguez, Marta; Fernández GarcÃa, Rosa Mª; Trigo Aza, MarÃa Dolores; DÃaz CosÃn, DarÃo J.Studies on spatial patterns of distributions of soil dwelling animals have usually relied on soil micro-variables or statistical analyses based on presence/absence data. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allow easy access to large-scale variables to build species distribution models. In this study, we used MaxEnt to model the distribution of the endogeic earthworm Hormogaster elisae. Significant differences were found between the predicted suitability values of localities where the species was present and those where it was absent, validating the predictive model. Most of the large-scale training variables showed significant correlation with soil micro-variables known to influence the biology of the species, proving the ability of the model to predict (to an extent) soil variables from environmental ones. The methodology could be extended to other soil fauna.Publication Pinpointing cryptic borders: Fine-scale phylogeography and genetic landscape analysis of the Hormogaster elisae complex (Oligochaeta,Hormogastridae)(Elsevier, 2017-07) Fernández Marchán, Daniel; Fernández, Rosa; Sosa, Irene de; DÃaz CosÃn, DarÃo J.; Novo RodrÃguez, MartaSpatial and temporal aspects of the evolution of cryptic species complexes have received less attention than species delimitation within them. The phylogeography of the cryptic complex Hormogaster elisae (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae) lacks knowledge on several aspects, including the small-scale distribution of its lineages or the palaeogeographic context of their diversification. To shed light on these topics, a dense specimen collection was performed in the center of the Iberian Peninsula – resulting in 28 new H. elisae collecting points, some of them as close as 760 m from each other- for a higher resolution of the distribution of the cryptic lineages and the relationships between the populations. Seven molecular regions were amplified: mitochondrial subunit 1 of cytochrome c oxidase (COI), 16S rRNA and tRNA Leu, Ala, and Ser (16S t-RNAs), one nuclear ribosomal gene (a fragment of 28S rRNA) and one nuclear protein-encoding gene (histone H3) in order to infer their phylogenetic relationships. Different representation methods of the pairwise divergence in the cytochrome oxidase I sequence (heatmap and genetic landscape graphs) were used to visualize the genetic structure of H. elisae. A nested approach sensu Mairal et al. (2015) (connecting the evolutionary rates of two datasets of different taxonomic coverage) was used to obtain one approximation to a time-calibrated phylogenetic tree based on external Clitellata fossils and a wide molecular dataset. Our results indicate that limited active dispersal ability and ecological or biotic barriers could explain the isolation of the different cryptic lineages, which never co-occur. Rare events of long distance dispersal through hydrochory appear as one of the possible causes of range expansion.Publication The lab In A box: A take-out practical experience for an online invertebrate biology course(Wiley, 2021-03-12) Novo RodrÃguez, Marta; Sánchez Santos, Nuria; Gutiérrez López, Mónica; Cánovas, Rosario G.; Pardos MartÃnez, Fernando; Trigo Aza, MarÃa Dolores; DÃaz CosÃn, DarÃo J.Hands-on experience is critical to teaching invertebrate zoology, as students are unfamiliar with many animals and theoretical concepts are sometimes difficult to assimilate. As part of a fully online course, we decided to give students a box of take-home materials so that they could do hands-on work in their homes under the guidance of the teacher or at their own pace following the lecture scripts and presentations. The box contained whole specimens fixed in ethanol for observation and dissection, dried material such as skeletons and shells, and microscope slides. We also included a USB digital microscope to facilitate visualization of details and slides. The experience was very satisfying and proved to be not only a good alternative for mandatory online classes in times of pandemic, but also an interesting resource to supplement face-toface classes.Publication Persistent pesticides: effects of endosulfan at the molecular level on the aquatic invertebrate Chironomus riparius(Springer, 2021-02-19) Muñiz-González, A. B.; Novo RodrÃguez, Marta; MartÃnez-Guitarte, J. L.Although banned in multiple areas, due to its persistence in the environment, endosulfan constitutes a significant environmental concern. In this work, fourth instar Chironomus riparius larvae were exposed at environmentally relevant endosulfan concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L for 24 h to analyze the possible effects of this acaricide on gene expression and enzymatic activity. Transcriptional changes were studied through the implementation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction array with 42 genes related to several metabolic pathways (endocrine system, detoxification response, stress response, DNA reparation, and immune system). Moreover, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), phenoloxidase (PO), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were assessed. The five pathways were differentially altered by endosulfan exposure with significant changes in the E93, Dis, MAPR, Met, InR, GSTd3, GSTt3, MRP1, hsp70, hsp40, hsp24, ATM, PARP, Proph, and Def genes. Besides, all of the measured enzymatic activities were modified, with increased activity of GST, followed by PO and AChE. In summary, the results reflected the effects provoked in C. riparius at molecular level despite the absence of lethality. These data raise concerns about the strong alteration on different metabolic routes despite the low concentrations used. Therefore, new risk assessment strategies should consider include the effects at the sub-organismal level as endpoints in addition to the classical ecologically relevant parameters (such as survival). This endeavor will facilitate a comprehensive evaluation of toxicants in the environment.Publication Evaluating evolutionary pressures and phylogenetic signal in earthworms: a case study – the number of typhlosole lamellae in Hormogastridae (Annelida,Oligochaeta)(Oxford University Press, 2016-09) Marchán, Daniel F.; Novo RodrÃguez, Marta; Fernández, Rosa; Sosa, Irene de; Trigo Aza, MarÃa Dolores; DÃaz CosÃn, DarÃo J.Rarely have phylogenetic comparative methods been used to study the correlation between phenotypic traits and environmental variables in invertebrates. With the widespread convergence and conservativeness of the morphological characters used in earthworms, these comparative methods could be useful to improve our understanding of their evolution and systematics. One of the most prominent morphological characters in the family Hormogastridae, endemic to Mediterranean areas, is their multilamellar typhlosole, traditionally thought to be an adaptation to soils poor in nutrients. We tested the correlation of body size and soil characteristics with the number of typhlosole lamellae through a phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) analysis. An ultrametric phylogenetic hypothesis was built with a 2580-bp DNA sequence from 90 populations, used in combination with three morphological and 11 soil variables. The best-supported model, based on the Akaike information criterion, was obtained by optimizing the parameters lambda (k), kappa (j), and delta (d). The phylogenetic signal was strong for the number of typhlosole lamellae and average body weight, and was lower for soil variables. Increasing body weight appeared to be the main evolutionary pressure behind the increase in the number of typhlosole lamellae, with soil texture and soil richness having a weaker but significant effect. Information on the evolutionary rate of the number of typhlosole lamellae suggested that the early evolution of this character could have strongly shaped its variability, as is found in an adaptive radiation. This work highlights the importance of implementing the phylogenetic comparative method to test evolutionary hypotheses in invertebrate taxa.Publication Macroecological inferences on soil fauna through comparative niche modeling: The case of Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta)(Elsevier, 2016-07) Fernández Marchán, Daniel; Refoyo Román, Pablo; Fernández, Rosa; Novo RodrÃguez, Marta; Sosa, Irene de; DÃaz CosÃn, DarÃo J.Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM) through MaxEnt and quantitative comparison techniques using ENMtools could facilitate ecological inferences in problematic soil dwelling taxa. Despite its ecological relevance in the Western Mediterranean basin, the ecology of the endemic family Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta) is poorly known. Applying this comparative approach to the main clades of Hormogastridae would allow a better understanding of their ecological preferences and differences. One hundred twenty-four occurrence data belonging to four clades within this earthworm family were used as input to infer separate MaxEnt models, including seven predictor variables. Niche breadth, niche overlap and identity tests were calculated in ENMtools; a spatial Principal Components Analysis (sPCA) was performed to contrast with the realized niches. The highly suitable predicted ranges varied in their ability to reflect the known distribution of the clades. The different analyses pointed towards different ecological preferences and significant ecological divergence in the four above-mentioned clades. These results are an example of wide-scale ecological inferences for soil fauna made possible by this promising methodology, and show how ecological characterization of relevant taxonomic units could be a useful support for systematic revisions.Publication Local adaptation fuels cryptic speciation in terrestrial annelids(Elsevier, 2020-02-17) Fernández Marchán, Daniel; Novo RodrÃguez, Marta; Sánchez Santos, Nuria; DomÃnguez, Jorge; DÃaz CosÃn, DarÃo J.; Fernández, RosaUncovering the genetic and evolutionary basis of cryptic speciation is a major focus of evolutionary biology. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) allows the identification of genome-wide local adaptation signatures, but has rarely been applied to cryptic complexes - particularly in the soil milieu - as it is the case with integrative taxonomy. The earthworm genus Carpetania, comprising six previously suggested putative cryptic lineages, is a promising model to study the evolutionary phenomena shaping cryptic speciation in soil-dwelling lineages. Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) was used to provide genome-wide information about genetic variability between 17 populations, and geometric morphometrics analyses of genital chaetae were performed to investigate unexplored cryptic morphological evolution. Genomic analyses revealed the existence of three cryptic species, with half of the previously-identified potential cryptic lineages clustering within them. Local adaptation was detected in more than 800 genes putatively involved in a plethora of biological functions (most notably reproduction, metabolism, immunological response and morphogenesis). Several genes with selection signatures showed shared mutations for each of the cryptic species, and genes under selection were enriched in functions related to regulation of transcription, including SNPs located in UTR regions. Finally, geometric morphometrics approaches partially confirmed the phylogenetic signal of relevant morphological characters such as genital chaetae. Our study therefore unveils that local adaptation and regulatory divergence are key evolutionary forces orchestrating genome evolution in soil fauna.