Person:
López Núñez, María Inmaculada

First Name

María Inmaculada

Last Name

López Núñez

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/79996

Affiliation

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Faculty / Institute

Psicología

Department

Psicología Social, Trabajo y Diferencial

Area

Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico

Identifiers

Full item page

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 29

Funcionamiento psicológico positivo en España: ¿existen diferencias en función del nivel educativo?
(Revista de Estudios e Investigación en Psicología y Educación, 2017) Merino Rivera, M. Dolores; Privado Zamorano, Jesús; Díaz Ramiro, Eva María; Rubio Valdehita, Susana; López Núñez, María Inmaculada
En esta investigación nos preguntamos si existen diferencias en bienestar y en recursos psicológicos en función del nivel educativo. Empleamos una muestra formada por 2902 individuos y comparamos cinco niveles educativos en las variables indicadas. El análisis se hizo mediante ANOVA y mostró diferencias en todas las variables. Los resultados mostraron que tanto los recursos como el bienestar van en aumento a medida que se incrementa el nivel educativo, pero, que este incremento declina en los sujetos que realizaron estudios universitarios, pero, solo, de grado medio. Futuras investigaciones deberán aclarar esta cuestión.
EntreComp Questionnaire: A Self-Assessment Tool for Entrepreneurship Competencies
(Sustainability, 2022) Armuña, Cristina; López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Rubio Valdehita, Susana; Pérez-Urría Carril, Elena
The European Entrepreneurship Competence Framework (EntreComp) offers a comprehensive description of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that people need to develop for an entrepreneurial mindset. The use of the framework as a self-assessment tool has garnered attention, but there is scarce presence of instruments that address the whole set of competencies proposed by Entrecomp. In view of the lack of specific tools, the objective of this research was to assess the evidence of validity and reliability of a new questionnaire. The sample was composed of 742 college students from several Spanish universities between 17- and 64-years-old, with 34.6% being men and 65.4% being women. To evaluate the validity based on relationships with other measures, the Entrepreneurial Intention and Entrepreneurial Self-Capital scales were also administered. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an internal structure made up of four dimensions: Ideas and Opportunities, Personal Resources, Specific Knowledge, and Into Action. The results showed satisfactory evidence of validity based on relationships with Entrepreneurial Intention and Entrepreneurial Self-Capital and good reliability. The questionnaire has good psychometric properties and can be an easy and useful tool for the self-assessment of entrepreneurial competencies within the EntreComp framework.
Are entrepreneurs born or made? The influence of personality
(Personality and Individual Differences, 2020) López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Rubio Valdehita, Susana; Aparicio García, Marta Evelia; Díaz Ramiro, Eva María
Currently, entrepreneurship is of great importance to economic growth and reduced unemployment. Since entrepreneurial behaviour is multidimensional, interest in understanding the roles of individual variables has increased significantly. The present study uses the theoretical and empirical framework of entrepreneurship research to explain the existence of the psychological profile of an entrepreneur, the impact of the psychological variables of personality on behaviour and entrepreneurial intention, and the relationship between personality traits and other specific traits frequently related to entrepreneurship. A sample of 337 participants composed of real entrepreneurs (n = 83) and university students (n = 254) with high scores in entrepreneurial intention were evaluated in personality (Big Five) and other specific traits: ambiguity tolerance, emotional intelligence and coping and problem solving. The results showed that both groups share the same profile in these variables once adjustments were made for the effects of sex and age. A target profile and a preliminary evaluation of its best possible accuracy are provided.
What Does the Feeling of Job Success Depend On? Influence of Personal and Organizational Factors
(Societies, 2023) Rubio Valdehita, Susana; Díaz Ramiro, Eva María; López Núñez, María Inmaculada
The main objective of this study was to determine the influence that various personal and organizational factors have on the self-assessed performance of 1459 employees recruited through a convenience sampling technique. The self-assessed performance was used as indicator of the feelings of job success. A non-experimental correlational cross-sectional design was established. Measures of the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants (such as age, gender, marital status, and personality), structural features of the organization (such as national vs. international, number of employees, or professional sector), and psychosocial aspect of the jobs (such as workload or burnout) were collected via a Google Form Questionnaire. Data were explored using multiple stepwise regression. Results showed conscientiousness as the most important predictor of perceived job success, followed by performance demands and personal accomplishment. Age, extraversion, and having a permanent contract were also related to better perceived success. The main conclusion is that perceived success is greater in the conscientious, extroverted, older participants, with a stable employment contract who have a job with high responsibility, and that provides them with greater feelings of personal fulfillment. The practical implications as well as the strength and limitations of the study are described
Project number: 151
Innovaciones prácticas y recursos educativos en Psicología Diferencial
(2022) Díaz Morales, Juan Francisco; Merino Rivera, María Dolores; López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Perakakis, Pandelis; Álvarez Gutiérrez, Mateo; González García, María del Carmen
El proyecto de innovación docente ha tenido como objetivo desarrollar metodologías docentes para la enseñanza de la asignatura Psicología Diferencial, del Grado de Psicología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Se pretendió incorporar nuevas metodologías docentes innovadoras junto con los recursos educativos que los desarrollasen de un modo didáctico. Por un lado, se desarrollaron innovaciones prácticas y/o aplicadas en la enseñanza de los cinco grandes bloques temáticos de la asignatura (Historia, concepto y ámbito; Metodología; Sistema Afectivo-Motivacional (Personalidad), Sistema Cognitivo (Inteligencia) y Sistema Ambiental; Origen de las diferencias individuales; Grupos, tipología y estilos), y por otro se creó un banco de recursos docentes para el profesorado de la asignatura.
The role of individual variables as antecedents of entrepreneurship processes: Emotional intelligence and self-efficacy
(Frontiers in Psychology, 2022) López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Rubio Valdehita, Susana; Díaz Ramiro, Eva María
Currently, entrepreneurship is a priority for economic, social, and technological growth. Therefore, the interest in understanding entrepreneurship processes has increased significantly. Individual variables play a fundamental role, and academic research has pointed out the influence of emotional intelligence in entrepreneurial processes; however, its relationship with other interpersonal processes and individual variables, such as personality and self-efficacy, has not been extensively studied. The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship among emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention, controlling for the effects of personality, gender, and age. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were applied through a questionnaire survey of 1,593 college students to test the relationship between the constructs in the model. The results show that the personality traits are associated with entrepreneurial self-efficacy, emotional intelligence positively influences entrepreneurial intention, and self-efficacy mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial intention. Practical implications for training programs are examined, and future lines of research were discussed.
Sleep habits as predictors of psychological health in healthcare professionals
(Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 2020) Díaz Ramiro, Eva María; Rubio Valdehita, Susana; López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Aparicio García, Marta Evelia
The aim was to study the sleep habits and the psychological health of professionals in the health sector, as well as to analyse the rela-tionships between both variables. The sample consisted of 511 workers from public hospitals in the Community of Madrid. Psychological health was evaluated using the GHQ-28 Questionnaire; and sleep habits with the CHAS Questionnaire. In addition, sociodemographic information was col-lected, such as age, sex, job position and professional category. The results showed statistically significant differences in somatic symptoms, psycho-logical health and stability in sleep habits. Regression analysis indicated that sleep quality and daytime sleepiness are the variables most related to health dimensions, especially with anxiety/insomnia and somatic symptoms. These results reveal the differences between sleep habits and perceived health in nursing staff and doctors. Finally, healthcare workers present a higher prevalence of psychological distress, poor sleep quality and instabil-ity in sleep hours. Sleep impairment, somnolence and somatic symptoms are more frequent in nursing staff than in other healthcare professionals.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Health in China and Spain: Cross-sectional Study
(JMIR formative research, 2021) Wang, Cuiyan; López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Pan, Riyu; Wan, Xiaoyang; Tan, Yilin; Xu, Linkang; Choo, Faith; Ho, Roger; Ho, Cyrus; Marta E Aparicio García; Aparicio García, Marta Evelia
Background: Differences in physical and mental health impact across continents during the COVID-19 pandemic are unknown. Objective: This study compared the levels of impact of COVID-19 on mental health among people from Spain and China and correlated mental health parameters with variables relating to symptoms similar to COVID-19, COVID-19 knowledge, and precautionary measures. Methods: We collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms, contact history with persons with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 knowledge, and precautionary measures. Participants completed the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 Items (DASS-21). To analyze the differences in the mental health parameters, the mean scores between Chinese and Spanish respondents were compared using the independent samples t test. The differences in categorical variables between the two samples were analyzed by the chi-square test. Linear regression was used to calculate the univariate associations between the independent variables and mental health parameters for both groups separately, with adjustments made for age, gender, and education. Results: A total of 1528 participants (Spain: n=687; China: n=841) were recruited. The mean age of the Chinese respondents was 24.73 years (SD 7.60; range 18-65 years), and the mean age of the Spanish respondents was 43.06 years (SD 11.95; range 18-76 years). Spanish participants reported significantly more symptoms similar to COVID-19 infection (eg, fever, sore throat, and breathing difficulties), contact history with COVID-19, higher perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, frequent use of medical services, and less confidence in medical services compared with their Chinese counterparts (P<.001). Spanish participants reported significantly higher DASS-21 stress and depression scores, while Chinese participants reported significantly higher IES-R scores (P<.001). Chinese participants encountered more discrimination from other countries (P<.001). Significantly more Chinese participants reported using face masks than Spanish ones (P<.001). More exposure to health information was associated with adverse mental health in Spain (depression: P=.02; anxiety: P=.02; stress: P=.001). Conclusions: Our study found that Spanish respondents reported higher levels of stress and depression as well as more symptoms and use of medical services. In preparation for the next pandemic, Spain needs to establish a prompt policy to implement rapid response and enhance medical services to safeguard physical and mental health.
The Integrated Acculturation Model: Expanding Acculturation to Cultural Identities in Addition to Race and Ethnicity
(Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development (JMCD), 2020) Garcia, Jorge; DiNardo, Jeff; López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Emmanuel, Diona; Chan, Christian
This article is an attempt to integrate existing conceptual knowledge on acculturation as well as to expand the use of the construct, which has traditionally had race and ethnicity as its focus, to also include cultural identities such as sexual orientation, gender identity, nationality, and disability. The article begins with a review of existing theoretical contributions from both the United States and Europe. We then propose a model to update and expand the use of acculturation. Finally, we provide an assessment framework.
Perfil emprendedor de estudiantes universitarios un modelo predictivo
(Revista de educación, 2021) López Núñez, María Inmaculada; Rubio Valdehita, Susana; Díaz Ramiro, Eva María; Martín Seoane, Gema
Introducción: el emprendimiento es reconocido por la Unión Europea como una de las ocho competencias clave para el aprendizaje permanente. La investigación sobre emprendimiento comenzó en el ámbito económico, aunque en las últimas décadas ha aumentado la importancia de las habilidades y actitudes individuales relacionadas con él, así como el interés por su enseñanza y aprendizaje. Aunque algunas investigaciones sugieren resultados positivos entre la Educación para el Emprendimiento (EE) y el comportamiento emprendedor, la relación no está clara y los resultados son contradictorios, siendo el nivel de iniciativa emprendedora previa a la EE la variable que parece explicar las diferencias en los resultados. Objetivo: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo encontrar qué diferencias individuales identifican mejor a los estudiantes universitarios que tienen una alta actitud emprendedora. Método: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 514 estudiantes de seis universidades españolas, la cual se dividió en dos grupos correspondientes a los individuos con alta y baja iniciativa emprendedora. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística paso a paso que muestra un modelo en el que las variables de reparación emocional, bajo neuroticismo y amabilidad fueron significativas para predecir una alta iniciativa emprendedora. Resultados: Este modelo permite pronosticar correctamente el 62,20% de los casos de alta iniciativa emprendedora. Discusión: Los resultados son relevantes para trabajar en modelos que permitan la identificación de perfiles de potenciales emprendedores, abordar la relación entre la educación y la intención emprendedora, e investigar si un perfil de alta intención emprendedora, como el que se encuentra en esta investigación, podría mejorar los resultados de la EE y facilitar el paso de la intención a la acción en el comportamiento emprendedor.