Person:
Vázquez Arbáizar, María Patricia

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First Name
María Patricia
Last Name
Vázquez Arbáizar
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/86897
Affiliation
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Faculty / Institute
Veterinaria
Department
Sanidad Animal
Area
Sanidad Animal
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UCM identifierScopus Author IDDialnet ID

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    Prevalence of Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis, Associated Risk Factors and Spatial Distribution in Spanish Beef Cattle Based on Veterinary Laboratory Database Records
    (Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2021) Nerea Pena-Fernández; David Cano-Terriza; Ignacio García-Bocanegra; Horcajo Iglesias, María Del Pilar; Vázquez Arbáizar, María Patricia; Darío Cleofé-Resta; Pérez Arroyo, Bárbara; Ortega Mora, Luis Miguel; Collantes Fernández, Esther
    Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a sexually transmitted disease that causes early reproductive failure in natural breeding cattle that are managed extensively. The aim of this study was to assess the BGC prevalence in Spain from 2011 to 2019 using data collected cross-sectionally from the diagnostic reports issued by the SALUVET veterinary diagnostic laboratory from a total of 5,182 breeding bulls from 1,950 herds managed under "dehesa" systems (large herds within fenced pastures and all-year breeding season) or mountain systems (smaller herds with seasonal breeding management and grazing in communal mountain pastures). Infection was detected by PCR in 7.7 and 12.2% of the bulls and herds tested, respectively. The "dehesa" herd management system (OR = 2.078, P = < 0.001, 95% CI = 1.55-1.77), bovine trichomonosis status of the herd (OR = 1.606, P = 0.004, 95% CI = 1.15-2.22), and bulls ≥3 years old (OR = 1.392, P = 0.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.92) were identified as risk factors associated with Campylobacter fetus venerealis infection. We also studied the high-risk areas for circulation of the infection in extensive beef cattle herds in Spain, showing four significant clusters in "dehesa" areas in the south-western provinces of the country and a fifth cluster located in a mountain area in northern Spain. The results obtained in the present study indicate that BGC is endemic and widely distributed in Spanish beef herds. Specifically, "dehesa" herds are at greater risk for introduction of Cfv based on relatively high local prevalence of the infection and the use of specific management practices.
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    Maternal and Foetal Cellular Immune Responses in Dams Infected With High- and Low- Virulence Isolates of Neospora caninum at Mid-Gestation
    (Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2021) García-Sánchez, Marta; Jiménez-Pelayo, Laura; Regidor-Cerrillo, Javier; Osoro, Koldo; Vázquez Arbáizar, María Patricia; Horcajo Iglesias, María Del Pilar; Jiménez Meléndez, Alejandro; Ortega Mora, Luis Miguel; Collantes Fernández, Esther
    Bovine neosporosis is currently considered one of the main causes of abortion in cattle worldwide and the outcome of the infection is, in part, determined by Neospora caninum isolate virulence. However, the dam and foetal immune responses associated with this factor are largely unknown. We used a model of bovine infection at day 110 of gestation to study the early infection dynamics (10- and 20-days post-infection, dpi) after experimental challenge with high- and low-virulence isolates of N. caninum (Nc-Spain7 and Nc-Spain1H, respectively). In the present work, dam peripheral cellular immune responses were monitored twice a week from -1 to 20 dpi. At different time points, IFN-γ and IL-4 production was investigated in stimulated dam blood and the percentage of monocytes, NK cells, B cells and T cells (CD4+, CD8+ and γδ) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were determined by flow cytometry. In addition, maternal iliofemoral lymph nodes and foetal spleen and thymus were collected at 10 and 20 dpi for the study of the same cell subpopulations. Peripheral immune response dynamics were similar after the infection with both isolates, with a significant increase in the percentage of CD4+ T cells at 6 and 9 dpi in PBMC, coincident with the higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 release. However, the levels of IFN-γ were significantly higher and an increase in CD8+ T cells at 9, 13 and 20 dpi was observed in the dams infected with Nc-Spain7. Nc-Spain1H infection induced higher IL4 levels in stimulated blood and a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio in PBMC. The analysis of the maternal iliofemoral lymph node showed a significant enhancement in the percentage of NK, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells for the animals infected with the highly virulent isolate and euthanized at 20 dpi. Regarding the foetal responses, the most remarkable result was an increase in the percentage of monocytes at 20 dpi in the spleen of foetuses from both infected groups, which suggests that foetuses were able to respond to N. caninum infection at mid gestation. This work provides insights into how isolate virulence affects the maternal and foetal immune responses generated against N. caninum, which may influence the course of infection.