Person:
Álvaro Estramiana, José Luis

First Name

José Luis

Last Name

Álvaro Estramiana

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/76035

Affiliation

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Faculty / Institute

Ciencias Políticas y Sociología

Department

Antropología Social y Psicología Social

Area

Psicología Social

Identifiers

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Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 24

El síndrome psicológico: ¿herramienta analítica o psicologización de la realidad social?
(Quaderns de Psicologia, 2011) Álvaro Estramiana, José Luis; Rosas Torres, Ana Raquel; Schweiger Gallo, Inge; Garrido Luque, Alicia
En los últimos años el concepto de síndrome ha ido adquiriendo una enorme importancia, tanto en la psicología como en la psicopatología. En este artículo describiremos no sólo la proliferación de su uso sino también el porqué de su creciente aceptación. Asimismo, procederemos a describir diferentes tipos de síndromes antes de señalar diversos aspectos críticos del uso actual del término, en sintonía con una creciente psicologización de los problemas sociales. Finalmente, mostraremos la forma como se ha instalado en las explicaciones de sentido común de los diversos problemas a los que intenta dar respuesta haciendo uso de los procesos de anclaje y objetivación descritos en la teoría de las representaciones sociales de Serge Moscovici.
Un análisis de la relación entre compromiso organizacional y valores
(International Journal of Social Psychology, 2010) Garrido Luque, Alicia; Rodríguez Monter, Miryam; Álvaro Estramiana, José Luis
En este artículo se presentan algunos de los resultados de una investigación con la que se pretendió analizar la percepción que los miembros de una organización tienen de la cultura de la empresa, y evaluar en qué medida dicha percepción influye en el compromiso organizacional. El estudio se realizó en una empresa multinacional del sector de la energía y consistió en una encuesta por correo a una muestra de 1000 empleados seleccionados de forma aleatoria. A la hora de analizar los valores organizacionales se partió de la conceptualización de los valores de Schwartz (1994). Los datos obtenidos indican que en la percepción que los empleados tienen de los valores organizacionales priman las metas propias de la cultura empresarial tradicional, como la jerarquía y la conservación, mientras que los valores relacionados con la autonomía ocupan un lugar poco destacado. La forma en que se perciben los valores de la organización está asociada sobre todo al compromiso afectivo y en menor medida al normativo, pero no puede considerarse un antecedente del compromiso de permanencia.
Terrorist threat, dehumanization, and right‐wing authoritarianism as predictors of discrimination
(Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 2019) da Costa Silva, Khalil; Álvaro Estramiana, José Luis; Rosas Torres, Ana Raquel; Garrido Luque, Alicia; Álvaro Estramiana, José Luis; Garrido Luque, Alicia
This study analyzed the relationship between terrorist threat and discrimination, operationalized by support for retributive justice against Islamic groups suspect of terrorist crimes. Two experimental studies were performed. Study 1 (N = 215) showed that the terrorist threat against the ingroup raises the support for the retributive procedures through the dehumanization of the outgroup. Study 2 (N = 304) analyzed how the mediating role of dehumanization in the relationship between terrorist threat and support for retributive justice is moderated by right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA). In addition, the study aimed to verify if the dehumanization of outgroup and RWA could explain the relationship between terrorist threat and discrimination of Muslim immigrants. The results indicated that adherence to RWA favors dehumanization of the outgroup and, consecutively, the discrimination, operationalized as support for the use of retributive justice. The adherence to RWA has been identified as the mechanism that explains the discrimination against Muslim immigrants.
Racial discrimination and belief in a just world: Police violence against teenagers in Brazil
(Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2018) da Costa Silva, Khalil; Rosas Torres, Ana Raquel; Álvaro Estramiana, José Luis; Garrido Luque, Alicia; Vieira Linhares, Layanne; Garrido Luque, Alicia; Álvaro Estramiana, José Luis
Discrimination against black people is analyzed based on tolerance for police violence, support for lowering the age of criminal responsibility, and support for the payment of compensation by the police to teenage offenders. Three studies were conducted, all with university students and high school students. In Study 1 (N = 118), the influence of the type of crime (robbery versus drug trafficking) and the target of criminal action (identifiable versus unidentifiable) on the variables studied were analyzed. Study 2 (N = 343) examined the effect of the relationship between the type of crime (robbery versus drug trafficking), the target of criminal action (identifiable versus unidentifiable), and the teenage offender's race (white versus black) on discrimination. Study 3 (N = 316) re plicated Study 2 by adding belief in a just world as a moderator of discrimination. Together, the results indicate racial discrimination through a greater tolerance for police violence and support for lowering the age of criminal responsibility for crimes committed by black teenagers. Another finding was a greater support for the payment of compensation by the police to the teenage offender when crimes are committed by white teenagers. High levels of adherence to belief in a just world accentuate racial discrimination.
Effects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mental Disorders on the Labor Market Integration of Young Syrian Refugees
(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023) Dietrich, Hans; Álvaro Estramiana, José Luis; Garrido Luque, Alicia; Reissner, Volker
Civil war experience in the Syrian home country, insecurity and critical life events during migration, or adverse events in the receiving country might affect refugees’ mental health. This paper addresses the effects of psychological distress and mental disorders on refugees’ labor market integration in Germany between 2016 and 2021. We employ survey data from about 2700 young Syrians, delivering information on individuals’ experience of migration and arrival in Germany in 2016. The survey data were successfully merged with register data, delivering detailed information regarding individuals’ process of labor market integration and employment status from 2016 to 2021. Overall, the labor market integration of young refugees improved remarkably over time. In 2021, about 69% of the study population was integrated in a wider sense, and 30% was employed in fulltime contracts in 2021. However, the results indicate long-lasting effects of PTSD and mental disorders on individuals’ labor market integration, whilst individuals’ characteristics related to migration and arrival lose relevance over time and hardly affect labor market integration around five years after arrival. High PTSD scores in 2016 indicate a significantly reduced full-time employment probability in 2021. Anxiety and depression show significant negative effects on individuals’ labor market integration, but with a less severe impact compared to a PTSD diagnosis.
Inquéritos policiais: tipos de violência contra as mulheres
(Athenea Digital: Revista de Pensamiento e Investigación Social, 2021) Albuquerque, Iara Maribondo; Rosas Torres, Ana Raquel; Álvaro Estramiana, José Luis; Garrido Luque, Alicia; Pereira Rodrigues, Dayane Mirelly
Neste trabalho, de cunho descritivo-exploratório, analisamos inquéritos policiais abertos na Delegacia Especializada de Atendimento à Mulher (DEAM) de um município do Nordeste Brasileiro buscando investigar as configurações que a violência contra a mulher pode assumir. Analisamos 100 inquéritos dos anos de 2015, 2016 e 2017 (N=300). Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise textual realizada com auxílio do Software IRAMUTEQ. Em síntese, os resultados aqui encontrados mostram que não há um perfil específico da mulher vítima de violência e que seus agressores são, majoritariamente, homens conhecidos por elas. Além disso, há uma prevalência das violências psicológica e física e é possível observar uma associação entre o álcool e outras drogas e a violência por elas sofrida. Por fim, este estudo traz subsídios para maiores discussões sobre esse tema e sobre a necessidade da elaboração de métodos mais eficazes de intervenção em casos de violência contra a mulher.
Níveis de análise nos estudos sobre os significados do dinheiro
(Athenea Digital: Revista de Pensamiento e Investigación Social, 2017) Cavalcanti Barros, Sabrina; Oliveira Borges, Livia de; Álvaro Estramiana, José Luis
Estudos sobre os significados do dinheiro têm evidenciado empiricamente seu caráter multidimensional. Apesar de sua relevância social, tem havido poucas publicações sobre esse tema. Assim, neste artigo, descrevemos os principais resultados e os diferentes aspectos abordados nos significados do dinheiro no tocante aos aspectos conceituais e teóricos (níveis de análise) e metodológicos (operacionais). Utilizamos os dados provenientes de publicações, encontradas nas bases de dados indexadas, entre os anos de 2000 e 2014. Destas, identificamos três níveis de análise (intraindividual, interindividual-social e ideológico), um predomínio do uso de questionários estruturados e de participantes universitários e uma ênfase na identificação dos significados atribuídos ao dinheiro. Discutimos a necessidade de modelos explicativos mais integradores, que considerem os diversos contextos sob os quais emergem tais significados, assim como o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que abordem a aplicabilidade dos resultados encontrados.
Movimientos sociales, marcos de acción colectiva y precariedad laboral
(Revista de Psicologia, 2014) Pinto Mascareño, Raquel Mercedes; Álvaro Estramiana, José Luis; Camino, Leoncio; Rosas Torres, Ana Raquel
En la perspectiva socio-construccionista se destaca la importancia de definir teórica y conceptualmente los marcos de acción colectiva compartidos para el estudio de los movimientos sociales. No obstante, son escasas las investigaciones que analizan el sentido y la naturaleza compartida de estos marcos entre activistas políticos. En este estudio analizamos estas dimensiones en los marcos de acción colectiva que apoyan las luchas cotidianas de los activistas de la organización sindical minoritaria, CGT (Confederación General del Trabajo). Identificamos 3 marcos de acción colectiva compartidos que sientan las bases de sus luchas cotidianas, 2 de ellos con un mayor potencial para apoyar una movilización más amplia contra la crisis económica y la precariedad laboral.
De Moscovici a Jung: el arquetipo femenino y su iconografía
(Athenea Digital: Revista de Pensamiento e Investigación Social, 2007) Saiz Galdós, Jesús; Fernández Ruiz, Beatriz; Álvaro Estramiana, José Luis
Nuestras representaciones de la mujer hunden sus raíces en los mitos del pasado. De acuerdo con Jung, los mitos son la expresión del inconsciente colectivo, el cual se manifiesta a través de los arquetipos. Los arquetipos son imágenes que pasan de una generación a otra, instrumentos del pensamiento colectivo. Los arquetipos principales tratados en este artículo son el de la Madre y el del Ánima o principio femenino del hombre. La posibilidad de analizar las representaciones iconográficas de la mujer desde la perspectiva de los arquetipos de Jung supone incluir la noción de inconsciente colectivo en el análisis de sus representaciones modernas. Mientras que la teoría de las representaciones sociales de Moscovici nos ofrece la posibilidad de analizar las creencias acerca de la mujer a lo largo de la historia, la perspectiva junguiana nos revela la posibilidad de analizar los mitos sobre la mujer como parte de los arquetipos con los que damos sentido a la realidad.
Influence of right-wing authoritarianism and the values proposed by Schwartz on the perception of psychological abuse as gender violence: an exploratory study
(International Journal of Social Psychology, 2019) Canto, Jesús M.; Álvaro Estramiana, José Luis; Da Costa-Silva, Khalil; Maribondo, Iara; Rosas Torres, Ana-Raquel; Álvaro Estramiana, José Luis
Psychological abuse in relationships is an extremely important social problem and has serious consequences for the victims. The vast majority of women who have suffered from physical violence have also been victims of psychological violence. There is a line of research that seeks to analyse the role played by certain ideologies in the way the different forms of violence against women are perceived. This study analyses the relationshipbetween right-wing authoritarianism and the values proposed by the Schwartz model in the perception of psychological abuse suffered by women in relationships as gender violence. A total of 308 university students participated in the research (206 women and 102 men). The results indicate that right-wing authoritarian ism acts as a risk factor and the value of self-transcendence as a protective factor in the perception of psychological abuse as gender violence. In addition, a moderating effect of the value of self-transcendence was found in the relationship between right wing authoritarianism and the perception of psychological abuse. The data confirm the importance of conservative ideology and values in the perception of gender violence.