Person:
Martín Chivelet, Javier

First Name

Javier

Last Name

Martín Chivelet

URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14352/75277

Affiliation

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Faculty / Institute

Ciencias Geológicas

Department

Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y Paleontología

Area

Estratigrafía

Identifiers

Full item page

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 19

Modified fischer plots as graphical tools for evaluating thickness patterns in stratigraphic successions
(Journal of Geoscience Education, 2000) Martín Chivelet, Javier; Osleger, D.A.; Montañez, I.P.
Fischer plots are a simple, objective graphical tool for illustrating thickness trends in cyclic successions and are particularly amenable for use in stratigraphy courses. Their utility in stratigraphic analysis is making its way into textbooks, and the large body of literature discussing the strengths and limitations of Fischer plots provides fertile ground for discussions about cyclic successions and concepts such as time-versus-thickness in undergraduate and graduate classes. In an effort to enhance the utility of Fischer plots and to reduce some of their inherent limitations, we suggest two modifications to the fundamental technique. First, we suggest that the cumulative departure from mean cycle thickness should be plotted against the individual measured cycle thicknesses rather than the unit-mean cycle thickness. This time-independent modification has the advantage of being directly comparable to measured thicknesses of the stratigraphic columns from which they were derived and also may, in some cases, enhance the sharpness of the waveform. The second suggested correction to the traditional Fischer plot is to decompact individual lithofacies prior to plotting. A correction for compaction is especially useful in successions that consist of heterogeneous facies that exhibit clear differences in compaction through time. In certain cases, decompacted Fischer plots reveal higher magnitude changes in thickness patterns that may not otherwise be recognizable in traditional or modified Fischer plots. In the spirit of 'the only way to understand it is to do it,' we provide a simple LISP subroutine for automatically drawing each type of Fischer plot under any Autocad environment.
Laminación anual en un espeleotema del Holoceno inferior (Cueva de Kaite, Complejo Kárstico de Ojo Guareña, Burgos). Implicaciones paleoclimáticas
(Geotemas, 2004) Domínguez Villar, David; Martín Chivelet, Javier; Edwards, R. Lawrence
Annual laminations have been recognized in a rapid-growing, early Holocene, calcite stalagmite from Kaite cave (Ojo Guareña Karst Complex, N Spain) using petrographic analysis and U/Th dating performed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Each lamination reflects the annual growth of the speleothem, and the vertical changes in thickness of successive laminae are interpreted as changes in paleoprecipitation over the cave.
Ciclos carbonatados submareales-perimareales de alta frecuencia del Aptiense inferior (Fm. San Esteban, cuenca Vasco-Cantábrica): registro de cambio climático
(Geotemas, 2016) Rosales, Idoia; Najarro, María; López-Cilla, I.; Martín Chivelet, Javier
El análisis detallado de facies de las calizas de la Formación San Esteban del Aptiense inferior de Cantabria ha permitido caracterizar 15 tipos de litofacies depositadas en ambientes submareales a supramareales. Las facies se organizan en ciclos somerizantes que culminan con superficies de exposición subaérea, evidenciado variaciones relativas del nivel del mar de alta frecuencia/baja amplitud. Se distinguen dos tipos de ciclos en función de las facies y naturaleza de las superficies que los culminan. Los ciclos Tipo-1 están dominados por facies submareales. La secuencia ideal comienza con rudstone bioclástico-intraclástico, seguido de wackestone de Chondrodonta, floatstone de rudistas, boundstone de rudistas y mudstone de milólidos. El techo es una superficie neta con bioturbación y marcas de raíces estilo pseudomicrokarst. Los ciclos Tipo-2 comienzan con floatstone oncolítico-litoclástico, seguido de floatstone de rudistas, packstone-grainstone de foraminíferos, boundstone de rudistas y finalmente rudstone oncolítico, mudstone fenestral y/o estromatolitos laminares a hemiesféricos. Culmina con rasgos subaéreos de desecación y conglomerados calcáreos de cantos negros con microestructura alveolar y rizolitos calcificados. Los ciclos Tipo-1 caracterizaron condiciones ambientales húmedas, mientras que los de Tipo-2 caracterizaron condiciones semi-áridas. La evolución vertical de los ciclos refleja una transición climática de tipo greenhouse a otra coolhouse tras el OAE-1a.
Variations in Trace Elements of Drip Waters in Kaite Cave (N Spain): Significance in Terms of Present and Past Processes in the Karst System
(Hydrogeological and Environmental Investigations in Karst Systems . Environmental Earth Sciences book series, Hydrogeological and Environmental Investigations in Karst Systems, 2014) Turrero, M.J.; Garralón Lafuente, Antonio; Sánchez Moreno, Lorenzo; Ortega Martínez, Ana Isabel; Martín Chivelet, Javier; Gómez, P.; Escribano, A.
Drip-water chemistry in karstic caves can vary at seasonal to inter-annual scales in response to climatic factors such as temperature, rainfall, and seasonality, which determine changes in the hydrological and hydrochemical processes of the percolating waters in their paths from the atmosphere to the cave. In this paper the characterization of stalagmite forming drip-waters based on long-term (years) time-series data is presented as a key task for understanding the geochemical behavior of a specific system, the Kaite Cave (N Spain). The work focuses on the relationships between rainfall, drip rates, drip-water calcium concentration, and drip-water trace elements amount (e.g., Mg and Sr); as indicators of hydrologic processes defining the karst system and controlling speleothem growth and composition patterns.
Sulcusina iberica n. ichnogen., n. ichnosp., a new crustacean microcoprolite from the Upper Cretaceous of Spain
(Cretaceous Research, 2017) Schlagintweit, Felix; Muñoz Moreno, Alejandro; Martín Chivelet, Javier; Rosales, Idoia
The new crustacean microcoprolite Sulcusina iberica n. ichnogen., n. ichnosp., is described from the Upper Cretaceous Alarcon Formation (?uppermost Cenomanian to ?lower Coniacian) of the Southern Iberian range. The new ichnogenus is characterized by rod-shaped bodies with parallel-running longitudinal canals (without interconnecting lines) of rounded transverse sections within the symmetry plane. Characteristic is the presence of a central longitudinal furrow (or canal) that extends to the middle of the microcoprolite, without any connection to the laterally grouped canals of usually lower diameter. The latter display a circular outline in transverse sections. Sulcusina n. ichnogen. can be compared to some extant with both Helicerina Bronnimann € & Masse and Lercarina Senowbari-Daryan. The new microcoprolite occurs in monotypic grainstones together with some thin-walled miliolids and ostracods ascribed to a peritidal facies.
Western Tethys continental-marine responses to the Carnian Humid Episode: Palaeoclimatic and palaeogeographic implications
(Global and Planetary Change, 2017) López Gómez, José; Escudero Mozo, María José; Martín Chivelet, Javier; Arche, Alfredo; Lago San José, Marceliano; Galé, Carlos
This case-study examines correlations in the continental-marine sedimentary record for the Late Triassic Carnian Humid Episode in the western Tethys domain of present-day E Spain and islands of Majorca and Minorca. The study area was divided into five sectors from west to east. Sectors 1 to 3 comprise the continental sedimentary record of this humid episode in eastern Iberia, which is represented by the three subunits (K-2.1, K-2.2 and K-2.3) of the K-2 Fm or Manuel Fm; each subunit records a fluvial episode with marine intercalations in distal areas. Sector 4 corresponds to Majorca Island and represents volcaniclastic input into a marginal continentalmarine transitional environment. Finally, sector 5 on Minorca Island comprises a karst surface developed on middle ramp deposits of the Arenal d'en Castell Fm, and separating this formation from the overlying Fontanelles Fm. Based on the ages of the units, estimated through palynomorph assemblages and ammonites, the Carnian Humid. Episode was located in both the continental and marine sedimentary records. A detailed sedimentary study focused on facies analysis identified allogenic controls on both continental and marine records. Hence, in continental areas influenced by sea-level fluctuations, fluvial deposits appear integrated within standard lowstand, transgressive and highstand system tracts. This connection based on sedimentary sequences and unit ages indicates that subunits K-2.1 and K-2.2 are represented by a karst surface on the subaerially exposed shallow marine deposits, while subunit K-2.3 already reflects a return to the normal Late Triassic semi-arid to arid conditions that laterally correspond to the transgressive stage represented by the Fontanelles Fm in sector 5. Late Triassic tectonics activated previously developed N·NE-S·SW and NW-SE conjugate fault lineaments in eastern Iberia. This rifting episode controlled sedimentation in sectors 1 to 3, allowing volcanic activity at the fault lineaments junction in sector 4, and configuring a palaeogeography of elevated and subsiding blocks, which controlled both continental and marine sedimentation in the study area.
Palaeoenvironmental Changes and C-Isotope Stratigraphy in the Alarcón Formation Stratotype (Upper Cenomanian–Lower Coniacian), Iberian Ranges, Spain
(STRATI 2013 : First International Congress on Stratigraphy At the Cutting Edge of Stratigraphy, 2014) Muñoz-Moreno, A.; Domínguez-Morales, M.; L.M. Robredo, Luz M.; Rosales, Idoia; Martín Chivelet, Javier; Rocha, Rogério B.; Pais, João; Kullberg, José Carlos; Finney, Stanley
This study analyses the sedimentary facies, palaeosols, and δ13C stratigraphy of the Alarcón Formation in its stratotype in the Iberian Ranges (Spain). The aim is to characterize the palaeoenvironmental changes that occurred in the shallow-marine carbonate environments of central Iberia during the late Cenomanian to early Coniacian. These changes, recorded in seven transgressive–regressive cycles, are interpreted in the framework of regional sea-level variations, local subsidence, and climate. The possible influence of supraregional changes, such as those related to Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2), on the sedimentary succession of the Alarcón Formation is also analysed and discussed.
Mg/Ca ratios measured by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS): a new approach to decipher environmental conditions
(Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2015) García Escarzaga, Asier; Moncayo Martín, Samuel; Gutiérrez Zugasti, Igor; González Morales, Manuel R.; Martín Chivelet, Javier; Cáceres, Jorge O.
The potential application of Mg/Ca ratios in top shells of the mollusc species Phorcus lineatus (Da Costa, 1778) obtained by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) have been evaluated as an environmental proxy to reconstruct paleotemperatures and season of capture of molluscs for the first time. All samples were collected from Cantabrian Sea (Spain). The results were compared with instrumental sea surface temperatures (SST) and with a known reliable proxy as oxygen isotope ratio (δ18Oshell) which is mainly dependent on SST, obtained from the same shells. The measurements were taken in two different biominerals of the shell (aragonite and calcite) resulting in a correlation between Mg/Ca ratios and SST of R2= 0.43 and 0.44, respectively. Mg/Ca ratios were also studied through a long sequence on three shells collected in autumn 2012. Results show variations in Mg/Ca ratios related to seasonal changes in SST through the year and a good correlation between Mg/Ca ratios and δ18Oshell in two shells (R2= 0.70 and 0.65, respectively).
Speleothem architectural analysis: integrated approach for stalagmite-based paleoclimate research
(Sedimentary Geology, 2017) Martín Chivelet, Javier; Muñoz García, María Belén; Cruz, Juncal A.; Ortega Martínez, Ana Isabel; Turrero Jiménez, María Jesús
Carbonate stalagmites have become increasingly attractive to Quaternary paleoclimate research, as they can be accurately dated by radiometric methods and concurrently yield high-resolution multi-proxy records of past climate conditions. Reliable series however require the precise characterization of stalagmite internal icrostratigraphy,4 a task too often poorly accomplished despite the recent advances in speleothem research. This weakness is due to the lack of a robust integrative methodological framework capable of integrating the wide range of petrographical and micro-stratigrafical methods currently used in speleothem characterization. For covering this need, this review introduces the Speleothem Architectural Analysis (SAA), a holistic approach inspired in well-established stratigraphic procedures such as the architectural element analysis and the sequence stratigraphy, commonly used by geoscientists for categorizing internal stratigraphic heterogeneities in sedimentary deposits. The new approach establishes a six-fold hierarchy of speleothem architectural elements and their bounding surfaces: individual crystallites (1st order), single growth layers (2nd order), speleothem fabrics (3rd order), stacking patterns sets (4th order), morphostratigraphic units (5th order), unconformity-bounded units and major unconformities (6th order). Each category of architectural element is formed in a different range of time, from intervals as short as a year/season to others of centuries or millennia. The SAA, which has the capability of incorporating any petrographic or stratigraphic classification, provides a useful, systematic, and versatile tool for unraveling the complexities of speleothem growth, and thus for genetically interpreting stalagmites in a multi-temporal scale. A detailed speleothem stratigraphy must be the basis for performing robust reconstruction of paleoclimate series. They should precede and accompany any work focused in absolute age dating or in reconstructing paleoclimate by means of any geochemical proxy
Middle Triassic carbonate platforms in eastern Iberia: Evolution of their fauna and palaeogeographic significance in the western Tethys
(Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2014) Escudero Mozo, María José; Márquez Aliaga, Ana; Goy Goy, Antonio; Martín Chivelet, Javier; López Gómez, José; Márquez, L.; Arche, Alfredo; Plasencia, P.; Pla Barniol, Carlos; Marzo Carpio, Mariano; Sánchez Fernández, D.
This article reports the first integrated study of the Middle Triassic of Iberia, based on the stratigraphy, sedimentology, and fossil fauna of Muschelkalk facies of the Iberian Ranges and the Catalan Coastal Ranges in Spain. On the basis of this study, new palaeogeographic reconstructions of the westernmost Tethys are proposed, and the evolution of the different palaeogeographic domains of Iberia (e.g., Iberian, Mediterranean, and Levantine–Balearic) are described. In these Domains, Muschelkalk facies record the development of wide carbonate platforms that were the consequence of the first two broad marine transgressions of the Mesozoic in Iberia, respectively, late Pelsonian–early Illyrian and late Illyrian–Longobardian. Of these marine incursions, the oldest only manifested in the Mediterranean Triassic domain (Catalan Coastal Ranges and part of the Iberian Ranges),which acted as a Palaeogeographic gulf opening northwards. Most of the fauna related to this first incursion show strong affinities with the Alpine/Germanic bioprovinces, related to the Palaeotethys. In contrast, the second transgressive episode took place in a new regional palaeogeographic setting related to the intra-Pangea dextral shear, and the northward movement of the Cimmerian microcontinent. A rapid sea-level rise induced generalised marine flooding of the Iberian, Mediterranean, and Levantine–Balearic Triassic domains. The resulting carbonate platforms yield fossil assemblages (ammonoids, bivalves, foraminifera and conodonts) that show affinities with those of both the Alpine and Sephardic bioprovinces related to the Neotethys. These assemblages point to a significant increase in diversity during the late Fassanian–Longobardian, possibly related to the prevailing wider connections between the sea corridors, an increased continental run-off and input of nutrients and/or a general cooling of marine waters.