Sistemas travertínicos de Alhama de Almería: características petrográficas y petrofísicas
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2008
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Sociedad Geológica de España
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Abstract
En Alhama de Almería se encuentran importantes yacimientos de travertino s.l. que son un
importante recurso de rocas ornamentales. Presentan facies de diferentes características cromáticas
asociadas a diversos medios sedimentarios: desde surgencias (depósitos de fuente, asociados a fallas)
hasta medios fluvio-lacustres. Las facies más coloreadas, comercializadas como Travertino Rojo Alhama,
están asociadas a surgencias y/o están alteradas por procesos de exposición subaérea (brechificación y
karstificación). La red de fracturas y estilolitos que presenta la roca es testigo de una intensa actividad
tectónica sinsedimentaria que ha afectado a estos materiales. Sus principales facies son: bandeadas,
masivas y tobáceas. Las facies bandeadas, presentan una porosidad fenestral paralela al bandeado de la
roca y ocasionalmente perpendicular. Las facies masivas, en general, presentan un predominio de
microporos intercristalinos (entre 0,1 – 10 μm), mientras que las bandeadas pueden presentar predominio
de microporos o macroporos (de 0,1 a 10 mm). Las facies tobáceas se caracterizan por una amplia
macroporosidad conectada (diámetro de poros 3 mm) y son las de menor calidad como roca ornamental.
El travertino Rojo Alhama, presenta buenas propiedades de resistencia mecánica (resistencia a
compresión 50,0 ± 9,4 MPa y resistencia a flexión 7,8 ± 1,3 MPa).
Laterally extensive travertine deposits, located in the vicinity of Alhama de Almeria are being intensively quarried and exploited as ornamental rocks. These deposits show facies of different chromatic characteristics and were deposited in perched springline and fluvio-lacustrine environments. The very coluored facies, marketed as Red Alhama Travertine, are associated to springline and/or were affected by subaerial exposure processes (brecciation and karstification). Different tectonic structures, indicative of fault activity during the travertine deposition, have been further observed over the site, including, stylolitization, fracturation, and tilting of bed.The travertine beds mainly consist of banded, massive and tufaceous facies The banded facies show a fenestral porosity arranged both parallel and perpendicularly to the stratification. In the massive facies, abound the intercrystalline micropores (from 0.1 μm to 10 μm). The banded facies generally exhibit micropores to macropores (from 0.1 mm to 10 mm). The tufaceous facies are characterized by connected macroporosity (pore size 3 mm) and are the least recommended for use as ornamental stone. The Red Alhama travertine shows good mechanical properties concerning the compressive (50.0 ± 9.4 Mpa) and flexural strength (7.8 ± 1.3MPa).
Laterally extensive travertine deposits, located in the vicinity of Alhama de Almeria are being intensively quarried and exploited as ornamental rocks. These deposits show facies of different chromatic characteristics and were deposited in perched springline and fluvio-lacustrine environments. The very coluored facies, marketed as Red Alhama Travertine, are associated to springline and/or were affected by subaerial exposure processes (brecciation and karstification). Different tectonic structures, indicative of fault activity during the travertine deposition, have been further observed over the site, including, stylolitization, fracturation, and tilting of bed.The travertine beds mainly consist of banded, massive and tufaceous facies The banded facies show a fenestral porosity arranged both parallel and perpendicularly to the stratification. In the massive facies, abound the intercrystalline micropores (from 0.1 μm to 10 μm). The banded facies generally exhibit micropores to macropores (from 0.1 mm to 10 mm). The tufaceous facies are characterized by connected macroporosity (pore size 3 mm) and are the least recommended for use as ornamental stone. The Red Alhama travertine shows good mechanical properties concerning the compressive (50.0 ± 9.4 Mpa) and flexural strength (7.8 ± 1.3MPa).